学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 ——《论语》
Learning is the eye of the mind. 学问是心灵的眼睛。
初二英语（第十七讲）
主讲教师：汤 玮
主审教师：严长胜
【教学内容】
本单元的中心话题是“庆贺圣诞节”。在复习我们前面所学过的动词时态、宾语从
句、动词不定式作宾语补足语以及been to 与gone to 的区别等语法项目的基础上，进一步学习动词不定式作状语的用法。
【重点归纳】
词汇：news ,whom , unhappy , without , fire , brightly ,sitting room , hear
from ,Christmas Eve
日常交际用法：Everyone is here except ……
No news is good news.
How time flies!
Please give them all my best wishes!
Merry Christmas!
Merry Christmas and best wishes for the New Year!
语法：动词不定式作状语
【重点详解】
1、No news is good news .没有消息就是好消息。
news 是不可数名词，前面不用a , another 和数词修饰。但可用some 修饰。如：I have good news (不说a good )news to tell you .我有好消息要告诉你。
如要表示“……条新闻”则用piece of 如：a piece of news (一条新闻)
英语中有许多名词都是不可数名词：如：work , weather , money , music , paper , cotton , glass , hair , tea , rice , coffee , milk , water , fruit , bread , meat , chicken (鸡肉), fish(鱼肉) ,pork, beef , mutton等
2、Whom did he travel with? 他和谁一起旅行？
一般说来，疑问代词who在句子中作主语成份。（whom 用作宾语）
例如：Who teaches you English ? 谁教你英语？
Whom did you see? 你看见谁了？（whom 作see的宾语）
但在口语中，whom用作宾语时常可用who代替，
例如：Who did you travel with ?
Who did you see?
注意：①当who(m)用来作句末介词的宾语时，句末的介词不可以省略
例如：Whom did he travel with ? 中的with
Whom did you get a letter from?中的from.
②句末的介词也可以移到句首，这时疑问代词只能用whom而不能用who,
例如：With whom did he travel ?
From whom did you get a letter?
3、Is she very unhappy without me?没有我她很不愉快吗？
without 是介词，意思是“无、没有”。用其构成的短语可以用来表示伴随情况，假设等，
例如：He went out without a hat .他不戴帽子就出去了。
I can't do it without your help .没你的帮助我做不了那事。
A man without eyes can't see .人没有眼睛不能看东西。
注意：without是介词，后面如果要跟动词的话，必须用动名词（动词+ing）形式。例如：He passed me without speaking .他从我身边走过，没有说话。
4、Don't forget to give her some food and change her water, will you ?
别忘了给她东西吃及换饮用水，好吗？
祈使句的反意疑问句，通常用来表示请求或邀请。一般有两种类型：
如果祈使句是肯定形式，它的附加部分可以用“will you ?”,“would you ?”,“can you”“could you”,也可以用“won't you ?”或“can't you ?”其中以“will you ?”和“won't you ?”最常见。
例如：Pass me today's newspaper ,will you ?/won't you ?
把今天的报纸递给我，行吗？
Shut up, can you?/can't you ?别说了，行不行？
Turn off the lights, will you?/won't you ? 把灯关掉，好吗？
但是，如果祈使句是否定句，则简短问句多用will you （不能用won't you ）
例如：Don't talk ,will you? 不要讲话，好吗？
Don't make any noise, will you? 不要吵，好吗？
5、I'm working hard on my Chinese .我正在努力学习汉语。
Work on sth. 意思为“从事于”、“致力于”;相当于work at sth. 常有较活泽法。
例如：He is working on the math problem .他正在解那道数学题。
I'm working on my drawing .我正在画画。
He is working at Latin. 他正努力学拉丁文。
She is working on her new book .她正致力于写新书。
6、Everybody here is getting ready for it and buying Christmas presents .这儿的人都忙着为圣诞节作准备，忙着购买圣诞礼物。表示“忙于做某事”可以用be busy with sth.或be busy (in)doing sth.(in可以省略)
例如：She is busy with the housework .她正忙于做家务。
（=She is busy doing the housework.）
The students are busy with their studies .学生们正忙于学习。
He is busy getting ready for the exam .他正忙于考试。
7、Tomorrow is Christmas Eve ……明天是平安夜/圣诞前夜。
①“at Christmas”指“在圣诞节”，通常指12月24日（平安夜）起的一周左右的
时间。
②“on Christmas Day”指“在圣诞节那天”即12月25日那天。
③“on Christmas Eve”指“平安夜”，即12月24日或12月24日晚上。
8、an hour or two 一两个小时
an hour or two 也可以说成one or two hours .
但不说one hour or two 或an or two hours 类似的还有one or two days /a day or two .以及a minute or two /one or two minutes。
而说“两三个小时”则是two or three hours不用two hours or three .又如：three or four days (不说three days or four ),for or five years(不说four years or five )
9、cover…with …与be covered with …
cover…with…意思是“用…把…盖起来”强调的是行为，而be covered with …意思是”(某物)被覆盖着…”表示状态，
例如：Please cover the meat with a cloth .请用一块布把肉盖起来。
She covered her face with her hands .她用手把脸遮起来。
The ground is covered with snow.地上盖着一层雪。
10、hear 的几种用法：
①hear 表示“听见”是listen 或listen to …的结果
例如：Listen carefully and you'll hear what he is saying .
认真听就会听到他在说什么了。
Louder ,please .I can't hear you .请大声点，我听不清你的声音。
Did you hear him go out? 你听见他走出去了吗？
Do you hear her singing in the next room?
你听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
注意：当hear 的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，to要省略，即用hear sb. do sth 这一结构，而hear sb. doing sth.则含有“听到某人正在做某事”之意。
②hear 表示“听说”“得知”时，一般接that从句；of 介词短语等。
例如：I hear there will be a meeting this afternoon.
我听说今天下午将有会议。
I've never heard of the writer before .
我从未听说过这位作家。
③hear from动词短语的意思是“收到某人/某处的来信”。
例如：How often do you hear from your penfriend?
你每隔多久收到你笔友的来信。
I heard from my uncle in America yesterday.
昨天我收到了我美国阿姨的来信。
11、动词不定式作状语：
动词不定式常可用来作状语，修饰动词，表示行为，目的，结果或原因，
如：Ｔhey ran over to welcome her .他们跑过去迎接她
（to welcome him 作目的状语）
I'm sorry to hear it .听了这事我很难过。
（to hear it 表原因）
He has gone to England to visit his grandpa .
他去英国看他祖父了。（to visit his grandpa 表示目的）
What have I said to make you so surprised ?
我说了什么话使你这么惊讶？
（to make you so surprised 表示动词said 的结果）
【同步练习】
一、语音：
1、 newspaper A. across B. teachers C. news D. noisy
2、 longer A. king B. among C. language D. orange
3、 telephone A. office B. motor C. possible D. cover
4、 Christmas A. glass B. ago C. maths D. able
5、 finished A. planted B. tried C. stayed D. reached
二、词语释义，根据英文解释写出单词
1、 w______ not having ,not with
2、 b______ be on fire
3、 c______ pick out one or some from many
4、 m______ somebody who is in a group
5、 f______ a place in a room where you can have a fire for heating
6、 e______ day or night before a special day
7、 m______ happy , cheerful
8、 a______ nearly
三、英汉互译：
1、 飞行期间__________ 2、跟…道别___________ 3、在圣诞前夜___________
4、 中 途__________ 5、收到…的来信____________ 6、…做准备_________
7、family get -together _______________
8、have a good journey home _______________
9、 at the end of last year _________________
10、work on _______________
四、改写句子，使之与原句意思相同或相近：
1、Mr. Smith came to China the year before last .
Mr. Smith has _____ ______ China _____ _____ ______ ago .
2、Mary is good at physics. Lucy isn't so good at it.
Mary is ____ ______ Lucy at physics.
3、Work hard ,and you will get good marks.
_______ ______ work hard, you will get good marks.
4、Some of them wanted that, but some didn't.
_____ ______ them didn't want that.
5、There are 56 students in our class. Forty of them some to school by bike .
There are forty students ___ to school in our class.
6、She was studying Chinese at that time.
She was ________ _______ her Chinese at that time.
五、用括号内单词的恰当形式或时态填空：
1、She ______(write)three letters this morning .
2、There is blood (血)on the ground .What ______ (happen)here ?
3、She _______ (borrow)a book from the library last month and she ______(not return)it yet .
4、We usually ______(get)up late on Sunday .
5、What _____ Meimei ____(read)from 6:00 to 8:00 yesterday morning ?
6、It's polite ______(stand)in line and wait for your turn .
7、He has gone to town _______(sell) eggs and vegetables .
8、It is the third ____(large)city in the world .
9、It is only about twenty -five _______ (minute) ride. `
10、His dog has been _______(death)for a month .
六、选择填空：
A、根据情景，在下列每题中选择一个最有礼貌的正确回答：
1. You are being introduced to somebody .He says "How do you do ?"
You reply "_______"
A. How do you do? B. Fine ,thanks
C. I'm very well, and you? D. How are you?
2. Mary's at home and the telephone rings .She answers it .
She says "______"
A. Who are you? B. Mary speaking
C. I am Mary. D. What do you want ?
3. When someone is talking to you ,you don't hear clearly .
Tom say "_______ "
A. I'm not hearing you B. Say it again
C. I beg your pardon D. I don't know what you said
4. A visitor to your school says to you ,"Could you tell me the way to the
headmaster's room, please ?"
You reply ,"_______"
A. Not at all . B. Certainly .
C. All right . D.I can do it .
5. A friend asks you if you can lend him some money ,but you are unable to .
You say " ________ ".
A. Sorry, I have no money . B. Sorry ,I haven't .
C. Sorry, there is no money . D. Sorry ,I haven't got any .
B. 单项填空：
1. ___________interesting news it is !
A. What a B. What an C. What D. How
2. Rose has _______ to London ,she has ________ there twice.
A. been ,gone B. gone ,been C. been ,been D. gone ,gone
3. Has he ______ his father ?Not yet .
A. heard a letter from C. heard of
C. received a letter from D. got from
4. Hurry !We have ______ time .
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
5. Mary told me that she _____ much Chinese in the holiday .
A. worked B. took C. made D. did
6. How long has Lucy ____ here ?
A. arrived at B. been C. reached D. left
7. Could you tell me when ____ ?
A. he is coming B. will she fly to London
C. will he come D. he was coming
8. Will they go to the theatre with you or ____ you ?
A. except B. without C. not D. and
9. I saw him ____ volleyball just now.
A. played B. was playing C. play D. to play
10. They were busy ______ rice last October .
A.getting ready for harvesting .
B.to get ready to harvest
C.to get ready for harvesting
D.getting ready to harvest
11. The policeman told the little boy _____ the street when the lights were red .
A. not to run across B. don't cross
C. don't to go across D. to not cross
12. When I was _____ to school ,I saw a very big stone ________ .
A. on the way ;by the way B. in the way ,on the way
C. on the way ,in the way D. all the way ,by the way
13. Let's have a short rest under the tree ,________?
A. won't you B. will you
C. shall we D. can we
14._________ do I have to take the medicine ?Every four hours .
A. How many hours B. How often
C. How soon D. How long
15. I ____ to learn English when I _____ five .
A.have begun …have been B. began…have been
C. have begun …was D. began…was
七、完形填空：
Scientists are trying to make 1 into good land again .They want to bring
2 to the desert ,so people can live and grow food . They are learning 3 about the deserts . But 4 of the earth is becoming desert all the time .Scientists may not be able to change the desert in time .
Why is more and more land becoming 5 ? Scientists think that people make deserts .People are doing bad things 6 .
Some places on the earth don't get very much 7 . But they still don't become deserts .This is because some 8 are growing there .Small green plants and grass are very 9 to dry places . Plants don't let the hot sun make the earth even driver .Plants don't let the wind blow the dirt (土)away .When a little bit of rain falls ,the plants hold the water . 10 plants ,the land can become a desert much more easily .
1. A. the woods B. the forests C. the deserts D. the mountains
2. A. sunlight B. water C. air D. dirt
3. A. a lot B. a lot of C. a number of D. a great deal of
4. A. many and many B. much and much C. most and most D. more and more
5. A. desert B. hills C. seas D. rivers
6. A. to earth B. on earth C. to the earth D. on an earth
7. A. air B. rain C. wind D. sunlight
8. A. wild animals B. scientists C. farmers D. green plants
9. A. interesting B. beautiful C. important D. difficult
10.A.Without B. With C. About D. To
八、阅读理解：
Young people and older people do not always agree .They sometimes have different ideas about living ,working and playing .But in a programme in New York State adults (成人)and teenagers(十几岁的青少年)live together in peace .
Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a work group ,.Everyone works several hours each day .The aim (目标)is not just to keep busy .It is to find meaning in work .Some teenagers work on the farm near the village .Some learn to build a house .The adults teach them .
There are several free hours each day .Weekends are free ,too .During the free hours ,some of the teenagers learn painting (绘画).Others sit around and talk or sing .Each teenagers has his own way to spend his free time .
When people live together ,rules (规则)are always needed .In this programme the teenagers and adults make the rules together .If someone breaks a rule ,the problem goes before the whole group .They ask ,"Why did it happen ?""What do we have to do about it ?"
One of the teenagers has this to say about the programmer "You stop thinking only about yourself .Your learn how to think about the group."
1. The main idea of this text is that ____ .
A.adults and teenagers in New York State live together in peace
B.adults and teenagers don't often agree with each other
C.adults and teenagers how to live in peace .
D.adults and teenagers can work and live in peace.
2. The aim of working every day in the programmer is __________ .
A.to keep its members busy
B.to get the members together several hours each day
C.to find meaning in work
D.to spend the summer happily
3. In the programme _____________ .
A.the teenagers learn how to spend their free time .
B.the adults give the teenagers lessons
C.the teenagers work on the farm or learn to build a house
D.the teenagers work while (然而)the adults don't
4. What does the passage tell us about weekend ?__________
A.People are busy working
B.They make the rules together
C.They have a good way to spend their free time
D.How some of the teenagers learn painting
5. If someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the group.So _________ .
A.each member knows the rule well and thinks more about the group than himself .
B.the member who has broken the rule will be afraid
C.all the members will remember the rule
D.all the members have to make the rules again .
九、根据短文意思填空（首字母已给出）
A teacher asked one of her students a lot of questions .But the student couldn't answer a______ of them .Then she wanted to ask some e______ questions .She thought the student could give the r______ answers now .Yet the student couldn't answer even s_____ easy questions .The teacher asked him "Who is the president (总统)of the USA ?" He said nothing .The teacher got more and more a______ and at last she s______ to him ."George Washington(乔治·华盛顿)"When she said this ,the student immediately (立即) s_____ down .He didn't know who was George Washington .He thought the teacher was c_____ one of the other students in his class .
【答案与提示】
一、1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D
二、1.without 2.burn 3.choose 4.member 5.fireplace
6.eve 7.merry 8.almost
三、1.during the flight 2.say goodbye to …
3.on Christmas Eve 4.on the way
5.hear from /get a letter from/ receive a letter from
6.get ready for
7.家庭团聚 8.回家旅途愉快
9.去年年底 10.致力于
四、1.been in ,since two years 2.better than
3.If you 4.All of
5.riding 6.working at /on
五、1.wrote/has written 2.has happened
3.borrowed ,hasn't returned 4.get
5.was reading 6.to stand
7.to sell 8.largest
9.minutes' 10.dead
六、A 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D
B 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D
6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D
11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D
七、 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A
6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A
八、 1.D 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.A
九、 1.any 2.easier/easy 3.right 4.such
5.angry 6.shout 7.sat 8.calling