学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 ——《论语》
Learning is the eye of the mind. 学问是心灵的眼睛。
初二英语（第十四讲）
主讲教师：李 杰
主审教师：严长胜
初三英语 Unit 10
【学习内容】
(Junior English for China Students’ Book3) Unit 10
【重点归纳】
1. New words and phrases: hold on, between…and…, leave a message, be in trouble, try / do one’s best, true, learn by oneself, during, mind, call, give…a call, go back, headmaster, possible, as soon as possible, able, be able to do something, lazy, exam / examination, weak, capital, miss, even, fail, be weak in, miss one’s lesson, fail (in) an examination, go back, give somebody something to do.
2. Everyday English: Hold on for a moment, please. 请稍等一会儿。
I’m sorry he isn‘t here right now. 我很抱歉他现在不在。
May I help you? 我能帮助你吗？
That’s very kind of you. 你真是太好了。
Yes, that would be fine / OK. 是的，那太好了。
I’m sure that he won’t mind. 我相信他不会在意的。
I’ll leave a message on his / her desk. 我会在他 / 她的桌子上留个条的。
【知识讲解】
1. Hold on for a moment, please. 请稍等一会儿。
这是打电话用语，“hold on”意思为“别挂电话(=hold the line)”。
例如：Excuse me, sir, hold on. Tom will speak to you.
对不起，先生，请别挂。汤姆要和你说话。
补充：电话用语
⑴. Hello, double eight double four,0. 喂，这儿是。
⑵. Hello, may I speak to Mr. Wang Lin, please? 喂，我可以和王林通话吗？
⑶. Is that Mrs. Green? 你是格林太太吗？
⑷. Sorry, wrong number. 对不起，号码错了。
⑸. Could you speak a little louder? 你能说得响一点吗？
⑹. This is Li Dong speaking. 我是李东。
⑺. Sorry, he’s not in at the moment. 对不起，他现在不在。
⑻. May I know who’s speaking, please? 请问是谁？
⑼. Hold on, please. 请稍等。
⑽. May I leave a message? 我可以留个条吗？
⑾. Please put me through to New York. 请给我接纽约。
⑿. Sorry, the line is busy. 对不起，占线。
⒀. I’ll hang up now. 我要挂了。
2. I would like to see him as soon as possible. 我想尽快见到他。
“as+形容词 / 副词（+名词）+as possible”是一个常见的短语，意思是“尽可能……的 / 地（什么东西）”。
例如：Do it as quickly as you can. 尽快做这件事。
I want to borrow as many books as possible. 我想借尽可能多的书。
3. Are you able to come tomorrow? 你明天能来吗？
①．“can”和“be able to”都有“会”、“能够”的意思。“be able to”侧重强调过去和将来的能力，可以用于多种时态，还可以和某些情态动词连用，其后接不定式，侧重指某一次能力。
例如：He is able to speak English well. 他英语讲得很好。
②．“can”也可以表示能力，这时它和“be able to”同义，但它只有现在和过去两种形式，不能和其它情态动词连用，侧重指人或动物的本能，或后天练成的永久能力。
例如：None of us can swim. 我们中没人会游泳。
注意：“can”的过去式“could”表示过去的能力时，只能表示一般的能力。
例如：I could swim at the age of 5. 我五岁就会游泳了。
③．表示过去某一场合做某事的能力，不能用“could”，而用“was able to”。
例如：I was able to get to the top of the mountain after hours of climbing.
经过几个小时的攀登我终于爬上了山顶。
④．“can”还可以表示“请求和允许”，而“be able to”则不能。
例如：Can I have one more cake? 我可以再吃块蛋糕吗？
4. Between 8:00 and 9:00. 在八点至九点之间。
“between”指“在两者之间”。
例如：The game is between China and America. 比赛在中国和美国之间进行。
5. He isn’t in trouble, I hope! 我希望他不会遇上麻烦。
“be in trouble”意思是“（某人）处于困境之中”。
例如：Let’s go and help Jim, he’s in trouble now.
我们一起去看看吧，他现在正处于困境。
补充：“+名词”所表示的各种意思。
He is in good (poor) health. 他身体健康（不好）。
He is in danger. 他处境危险。
The room is in order. 房间井然有序。
They are standing in line. 他们站成一行。
Jim is ill in bed. 吉姆卧病在床。
6. I know that he’s doing his best. 我知道他在做最大的努力。
“do / try one’s best”意思为“作最大努力”、“竭尽全力”，其后可以接不定式做状语。
例如：If Jim does his best, he can do well in Chinese.
如果吉姆竭尽全力的话，他会学好语文的。
Try your best and you can pass the exam.
作你最大的努力，你就能通过考试。
7. That’s why I’ve come to see you. 这就是我为什么来看你的原因。
这是一个由“why”引导的表语从句。“why”表示说话人对上文提到的原因或事实的认同，起承上启下作用。“why”以后则是该原因或事实产生的结果。
例如：Tell the teacher why you didn’t hand in the homework.
告诉老师你为什么你没有交回家作业。
8.
…so we are travelling back to
England soon for a holiday.
……所以我们打算很快回英国度假。
本句中用了现在进行时态表示将来。在英语中，某些动词如：“go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay, play, do, have, wear”等，可以用现在进行时来表示一个在最近按计划或安排就要进行的动作。
例如：How many of the students are coming to the English Evening?
学生中多少人会来参加英语晚会？
9. The whole family’s going for two months. 全家要去两个月。
“family”既可以作“家”、“家庭”解释，也可以作“家庭成员”解释，如果被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果被看作家庭的各个成员，谓语动词则用复数。
例如：I have quite a big family. 我有个相当大的家庭。
My family are going to the zoo this Friday.
我们一家人这个星期五将去动物园。
10. I’m afraid that Jim will miss a lot of his lessons. 我担心吉姆会缺很多课。
① 主语（人）+be + 形容词+that从句是一种很常见的句型。有许多形容词如：afraid, sure, sorry, glad, happy, angry都适用这一句型，这些形容词大都描述主语的精神状态和感情状态的，其后的“that”从句可以归为状语从句，说明产生这些情绪的原因。这一类形容词，一般都不能用“it”形式主语来转换。
例如：I’m sure that he will arrive on time. 我相信他会准时到达的。
I’m sorry that I forgot to post the letter for you.
我很抱歉我忘了替你寄信了。
He’s glad that he won the 100-metre race.
他赢得了百米赛跑很高兴。
She is angry that the boys didn’t finish their homework.
她很生气男孩们没有完成回家作业。
② “miss”在这句里作“错过”、“丢失”的意思，这时候与“lose”同义，“lose”语气较强，两者常常可以互换。
例如：She missed the early bus. 她错过了早班车。
He lost the early bus. 他错过了早班车。
③ 但作形容词时“miss”要用现在分词“missing”，而“lose”要用过去分词“lost”。
例如：He hasn’t found the missing cat yet.
他还没有找到那只失踪的猫。
You’ll have to pay for the lost book. 你不得不赔那本丢了的书。
④“miss”还作“想念”解释。
例如：My friend has been away for about two months and I miss him very much. 我的朋友已经离开大约两个月了，我很想他。
⑤“miss”还作“错过，没赶上”解释。
例如：He missed the important talk. 他错过了那常重要的演讲。
11. He may even fail his Chinese exam. 他的语文考试甚至不及格。
① “fail in + 名词” 表示“（在……方面）失败”。
例如：He failed in everything. 他事事都不成功。
② 但在说到考试不及格时，也可以省去“in”。
例如：He failed (in) all the examinations. 他所有的考试都不及格。
③“fail”后接不定式是常见的句型，可以翻译为“忘记”、“没有”、“没有能够”（较少接动名词）。
例如：Don't fail to return the library book.
别忘了把图书馆的书还回去。
He failed to understand the meaning of my words.
他没有理解我的话的意思。
12. It’s possible. 这是可能的。
此句意思为：It’s possible for him to fail his Chinese exam.
注意：“possible”是形容词，常用作表语，用“it”作形式主语，（一般不用人作主语）。
例如：It’s impossible for him to finish the job in three months.
对他来说在三个月里完成这项工作是不可能的。
13. Two months is quite a long time. 两个月的时间相当长。
表示时间、长度、价格等复数名词作主语时，往往作为一个概念，这时候应把这类复数名词看成一个整体，原因是把两个月当成一个整体（时间）看待，谓语动词仍用单数。
例如：100 yuan is all he needs. 他所需要的只是100元。
14. It’s true that he may fall behind the other students.
他确实可能会落到其他学生后面。
这是一个由“it”作形式主语的主语从句。当“that”引导一个含形容词作表语的主语从句时，常用“it”作形式主语，而将从句置于句末。
例如：It is clear that he didn’t pay attention to the teacher’s words.
很清楚他没有注意老师的话。
15. I think that maybe his Chinese teacher will give Jim some work to do during the holiday. 我想吉姆的语文老师也许会给他布置一些假期作业。
“during”和“for”都可以接时间段，但表示的意思明显不同。“during”后面接词组或是名词，不能跟句子。一般所指的时间长度明确，起止点分明，也常指某一特定活动的时间，表示某动作发生在这一特定时间段内的一点或几点，时间段前常有限定词（the、物主代词）
例如：during the whole week 在整个星期中
during the last two months 在过去两个月中
during my summer holidays 在我的暑假中
Only one person died during the last three years.
过去三年中只有一个人死了。
“for”加时间段则泛指一段时间, 谓语动作要求贯穿这段时间的始终。
例如：for an hour 一个小时
for two weeks 两个星期
for some time 一段时间
My father has been ill for two months.
我父亲已经病了两个月了。
16. I’m sure that he won’t mind. 我相信他不会介意。
①. “mind”的基本含义是“反对”、“介意”。在“Would / Do you mind 开头表示请求的问句中，对方如表示不反对、不介意，应该说：“No, not at all”或“No, of course not”；如表示反对（介意），却很少答“Yes”，而说：“I’m sorry…”。
例如：It’s a little cold. Would you mind if I close the window?
有点儿冷了。我关窗你介意吗？
No, not at all. 当然可以。I’m sorry, but I do. 对不起，我介意。
②. “mind”后接“- ing ”动词，不接不定式。
例如：Would you mind passing me the salt? 把盐递给我你介意吗？
17. “be in trouble” 意思为“处于困境”
例如：We must help them, they are in trouble.
我们必须帮助他们，他们正处于困境。
18. “be weak in” 意思为“在……方面薄弱”
例如：He’s good at Chinese, but weak in mathematics.
他擅长语文，但数学比较薄弱。
【同步练习】
一．完形填空：
Mr. and Mrs. Jones ____1____ go out ____2____, but last Saturday, Mrs. Jones said to her ____3____, “There is a good ____4____ at the ____5____ tonight. Can we go and see it?
Mr. Jones was quite happy ____6____ it, so they went, and ____7____ of them enjoyed it.
They went home at 11 o’clock, got ____8____ their car and began driving home. It was quite dark. Then Mrs. Jones said, “Look Bill, a woman’s running along the road very fast, and a man’s running ____9____ her. Can you see them?”
Mr. Jones said, “Yes, I can.” He drove the car ____10____ near the woman and said to her, “Can we help you?”
“No, thank you,” the woman said, but she didn’t stop running. “My husband and I always run home after the cinema, and the last one washes the dishes at home!”
1. a. often b. usually c. always d. never
2. a. in the morning b. in the afternoon c. in the evening d. at noon
3. a. father b. mother c. friend d. husband
4. a. film b. show c. talk d. speak
5. a. cinema b. theatre c. circus d. zoo
6. a. at b. over c. about d. with
7. a. some b. a few c. both d. all
8. a. out of b. on c. into d. off
9. a. with b. before c. after d. /
10. a. quickly b. slowly c. fast d. /
二．完成句子：
1. We’ll_______ (尽力做) the job with ______ (较少的) money and fewer people.
2. Jack can’t run ________ (和……一样快) David.
3. Mary is an ________ (八岁的) girl.
4. I agree ________ (同意) all of you ________ (除了……之外) Wang Fei.
5. This is ________ (相当漂亮的一幢) house.
6. They ______ (对……一无所知) the traffic accident ______ (两个半小时以前).
7. If you ________ (看见) him next week, please ________ (捎个口信).
8. Look! There is a snake (蛇)________ (躺在地上).
9. I have ________ (为……付了一大笔钱) the broken motorbike already.
10. How long has Li Lei ________ (用在写这封信上)?
三．用所给的适当单词或词组填空：
(die, dead, dying)
1. His grandmother ________ two week ago.
2. The tree hasn’t ________ yet.
3. Look at that sheep in the field. It’s too old and it is ________.
4. Karl Marx has been ________ for many years.
5. A lot of soldiers lost their lives in that war. And now those ________ people have been sent to their hometowns.
(hear, hear of, hear from)
1. I wrote a letter to my aunt a fortnight ago. I’m sure I’ll ________ her soon.
2. Listen! Can you ________ a singer singing that famous song in the next room?
3. She has ________ the man before but she has never met him.
四．翻译句子：
1. 你花多少前买的那只碗橱？我忘了，大约一百二十元。
How much ________ did you ________ on the ________? I forget, about ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
2. 我会列一张购物清单。请将上面的东西买全。
I’ll ________ a ________. Please buy ________ ________ it.
3. “fridge”是说“冰箱”的另一种方法。
“Fridge” is ________ ________ of ________ ________.
4. 你怎么处理那只坏手表的？我已经把它扔了。
What _______ you _______ with the _______ ________? I’ve thrown it away.
5. 这三首乐曲中你最喜欢哪首？
________ ________ of music do you like best of the ________?
6. 如果Jim不把肉存放在冰箱里的话，它会坏的。
If Jim ________ ________ the meat ________ the fridge, it will go bad.
7. 我打开了那只更衣箱，在里面找到了一双袜子。
I ________ ________ the ________, and ________ a ________ ________ socks ________ it.
8. 那个长着红鼻子的男孩是Tom。
The boy ________ a ________ ________ is Tom.
9. 我已经去过两次长城了。
________ been to the Great Wall ________.
10. Jim不在家，他去哪儿了？
Jim isn’t ________ ________. Where ________ he ________?
11. 我以前从来没有去过动物园。我今天想去。
I have ________ been to the zoo ________. I want to go there today.
12. 我两年前认识了他。
I ________ him two years ________.
13. Mary刚刚洗完衣服。
Mary has ________ ________ the washing.
14. 你曾经读过有关美国历史的书吗？
Have you ________ ________ books about American history?
15. 你为这辆汽车付了多少钱？
How much ________ you ________ for the car?
16. 每当我去图书馆，总会见到杨老师在工作。
________ ________ I went to the ________, I always ________ Miss Yang ________ there.
17. 楼上的那个人对我很生气。
The man ________ ________ angry ________ me.
18. 我们必须事事严格要求他们。
We must ________ ________ with ________ ________ ________.
19. 你在地里能看到绵羊吗? 不, 不能。但我能看见一台拖拉机在地里工作。
Can you see ________ ________ in the field? No, I can’t. But I can see ________ ________ ________ in the field.
20. 请尽快把书还到图书馆去。
Please _______ the book ________ the _______ _______ _______ as _______.
21. 吉姆一到上海就会打电话给我吗？
______ Jim call me ______ _______ _______ he _______ _______ Shanghai?
22. 我听说下星期会有个运动会。
I hear ________ there will ________ a sports meeting next week.
23. 他死了已经三个星期了。
He ________ ________ dead for three weeks.
It is three weeks ________ he ________.
24. 那台洗衣机无法工作了。
The washing machine ________ ________ ________ order.
25. 你曾经挤过牛奶吗？
Have you ________ ________ a ________?
26. 这件毛衣是用羊毛做成的。
This ________ is ________ from wool.
27. 你如何处理那辆坏车的？
________ have you ________ ________ the ________ car?
28. 很抱歉，我忘记带笔了。
I’m sorry. I ________ to bring my pen ________me.
29. 她暗自考虑：“谁是班里数学学得最棒的呢？”
She _______ to herself, “Who is the ________ in maths ________ your class?”
30. 篮子里装满了苹果。突然，篮子掉在地上，苹果撒了一地，有些甚至列开了。
The basket was ________ with apples. Suddenly, it ________ on the floor and the apples ________ everywhere. Some of them even broke ________.
【答案与提示】
一．
1. d
2. c
3. d
4. a
5. a
6. c
7. c
8. c
9. c
10. b
二．
1. try to do, less
2. as fast as
3. eight-year-old
4. with, except
5. quite a nice
6. knew nothing about, two and a half hours ago
7. see, take a message
8. lying on the ground
9. paid much money for
10. spent (in) writing the letter
三．
1. died
2. died
3. dying
4. dead
5. dead
1. hear from
2. hear
3. hear of
四．
1. money, spend, cupboard, one, hundred, and, twenty, yuan
2. make / write, shopping-list, everything, on
3. another, way, saying, refrigerator
4. (have, done) / did, do, broken, watch
5. Which, piece, three
6. doesn’t, keep, in
7. broke, open, locker, found, pair, of, in
8. with, red, nose
9. I’ve, twice
10. at, home, has, gone
11. never, before
12. knew, ago
13. just, done
14. ever, read
15. did, pay
16. Every, time, library, saw, wroking
17. upstairs, is, with
18. be, strict, them, in, everything
19. any, sheep, a, tractor, working
20. return, to, library, as, soon, possible
21. Will, as, soon, as, arrives, in
22. that, be
23. has, been / since, died
24. is, out, of
25. ever, milked, cow
26. sweater, made
27. What, done, with, broken
28. forgot, with
29. says / thinks, best, in
30. filled, fell / dropped, went, open