初三英语（三）阅读理解
一、 阅读理解题的命题特点
阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。
中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：
1. 阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；
2. 题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；
3. 体裁多样，包阔记叙文，说明文，应用文等。
中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是：
1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：
1) Which is the best title of the passage?
2) Which of the following is this passage about?
3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
4) The passage tells us that______.
5) This passage mainly talks about_______.
2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：
1) Which of the following is right?
2) Which of the following is not mentioned?
3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
4) Choose the right order of this passage.
5) From this passage we know ________.
3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。
此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：
1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________.
2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.
3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________.
4) Here “it” means________.
4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。
此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：
1) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________.
2) Some shops can be built Donfeng Square so that they may _____.
3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.
4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?
5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。
此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：
1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.
2) We can infer from the text that _______.
3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very _____ to know something about American social customs.
4) From the story we can guess ______.
5) What would be happy if …?
6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。
1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?
2) The writer writes this text to ______.
3) The writer believes that ______.
4) The writer suggests that ______.
二、 阅读理解题的解题技巧
明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在来研究破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。
1．如何获取段落的主旨和大意？
最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
在一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置有两种：
1）主题句在段首
主题句在段首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如：2003年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段：
All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.
第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。
2）主题句在段末。
用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于句末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如2002年陕西省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段：
If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价前贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。
2．如何根据上下文猜测词义？
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。
任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：
(1)根据定义或解释猜测词义。例如：甘肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some
interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
短文后面有一个理解题目：
John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________.
A. makes everyone know a secret
B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag
D. sells the cat in the bag
在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的
短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
（2）根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。例如：福州市2002年中考英语试题的阅读材料A:
In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very
different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool.
文后有这样一道阅读理解题：
The word “fall” in this passage means ________.
A. drop B. down C. autumn D. spring
尽管fall 一词课本里没出现过，但根据文中的并列关系Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool. 我们就可猜出fall就是autumn。
除了前面提到的方法以外，还有下面一些方法：
（3）根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。
3．如何确定细节和事实？
在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。请看2003年陕西省中考英语试题阅读理解题第48小题：
What do plants make food from? They make food from _______.
A. sunlight, water and things in the soil and air
B. water, sunlight and things in the soil
C. water and things in the soil and air
D. water, sunlight and things in the soil
这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到：Plants are “factories”. They make food from sunlight, water and things in the soil and air.
4．如何进行推断？
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。句一推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。
中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。其类型主要有以下几种：
1）事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
请看2002年南京市中考英语试题阅读理解第14小题：
According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A. You often play football with your friends after school.
B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.
D. The bike in front of your house is lost.
在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：
Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.
根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。
推断题还包括以下几个方面：
2）指代推断：确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。
3）逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。
4）对作者的意图和态度的推断
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
三、 阅读理解题的实例分析
请看2003年陕西中考英语试题阅读材料A:
A
Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转的)door. When it does, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
41. Those who have big houses may often feel ________.
A. happy B. lonely C. free D. excited
42. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will ________.
A. laugh at you B. play jokes on you
C. quarrel with you D. help you up
43. What will your friends say to you when you make great progress?
A. Oh, so do I. B. Congratulations.
C. Good luck. D. It’s just so-so.
44. Which idea is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?
A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air.
B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes.
C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.
D. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you.
45. Which of the following is this passage about?
A. Bad luck. B. Good luck. C. Happiness. D. Life.
透析：
41. B。这是一个考查细节和事实的题目。文章中有明确的叙述：Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely…. 所问问题和原文的叙述完全一样。
42. D。这也是一个考查细节和事实的题目。在所给文章中可以找到这样地叙述：When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you. 根据这一叙述，我们可以判断：当你在体育课上摔倒时，你的老师和同学们肯定会帮你站起来的。
43. B。这一道阅读理解题同样是考查事实和细节的题目。在阅读文章里我们也能找到关于这问题的叙述：when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you.
44. A。这是一道判断题目。阅读文章里明确叙述：those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.阅读理解题的A项说，有车的人永远不愿在室外走，与文章所讲完全不同，因此是不对的。
45. C。这是一道考查文章主题的题目。这篇文章共有三段。 第一段的的主题句是：Happiness is for everyone. 第二段的主题句是：In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. 第三段的主题句是：Happiness is not the same as money. 三段的主题都是围绕happiness展开的，所以正确答案是happiness。
1
Water is the “life” of our earth. It is in every living thing. It is in the air. It runs through mountains and valleys. It forms lakes and oceans. Water is everywhere.
Nature has a great water system (系统). Rainwater finds its way to streams (溪) and rivers. Rivers lead to the ocean. At mouths of rivers, fresh water joins the salt water of the ocean.
Thick water steam in the air becomes clouds and clouds bring us rain. Plans and animal's life depends on water. Where there is water, there is life. We have to clean our streams and rivers and do something against pollution (污染) because pollution does harm to the life.
1. We say water is the “life” of our earth because _______.
A. water is in the air
B. water can run everywhere
C. there are living things in the water
D. where there is water, there is life
2. Which of the following is exactly the same as what the article says?
3. According to (按照) the article, which of the following is correct?
A. Water is in every living thing.
B. Water is everything.
C. Water forms everything.
D. Water runs through everything.
4. According to the article, fresh water joins the salt water of the ocean ______.
A. in the valleys
B. in the mountains
C. at mouths of rivers
D. at mouths of oceans
5. What does this article say we have to do against pollution?
A. Clean the steam.
B. Stop air pollution.
C. Prevent the fresh water from joining the salt water.
D. Clean our streams and rivers.
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D
2
In almost every big university (大学) in the U. S. A, football is a favourite sport. American football is not like soccer. Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field (场地). They have four chances (机会) to move the ball ten yards (码). They can carry it or throw it. If they move it to other end of the field, they receive six points (分). This is called a touchdown（底线得分）.
It is difficult to move the ball. Eleven men on the team try to stop the man who has the ball. If the man does not move the ball ten yards, his team kicks the ball to the other team.
Each university wants its team to win. Thousands of people come to watch. They all yell (减加油) for their favourite team. Young men and women called cheerleaders (啦啦队长) come to help the people yell more.
Each team plays ten or eleven games. Each season begins in September and ends (结束) in November. If a team is very good, it may play another game after the season ends. The best teams play again on January 1, the first day of the New Year. Many people go to see these games and many others watch them on TV.
1. In American football players can ___________.
A. only kick the ball
B. only throw the ball
C. only carry the ball
D. kick, throw and carry the ball
2. If a team wants to get points, it has to move the ball __________.
A. 10 yards B. 40 yards
C. away from its own end D. to the other end
3. Most teams play games in ________.
A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
4. When do the best play again?
A. At Christmas B. Before the season ends.
C. On New Year's Day.
D. On the last day of the season.
5. Which is the best title (题目) for the passage?
A. American Football
B. Most People Like Football
C. Many People Enjoy Watching Football Games
D. American Football Is Not Like Soccer.
1.D 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A
3
Dear Linda,
I have been in England three months now. I hope you don't think I've forgotten you. There have been so many places to see and so many things to do that I've not had much time for writing letters.
I shall soon be starting my studies at King's College. So far I've been learning about England and British ways of living. I won't tell you about London. There are plenty of books you can read and plenty of pictures you can look at. I'm sure you'll be more interested to know what I think about the life here.
I find some of the customs (风俗) new and interesting. People here do not shake hands as much as we do in Europe. During the first few weeks I was often surprised because people did not put out their hands when I met them. Men raise their hats to women but not to each other.
Your's
Alice
1. The writer came to London from _________.
A. Asia B. Europe C. America D. Africa
2. The writer __________.
A. has never been of England
B. came to England just now
C. came to England three months ago
D. will come to England in three months
3. She has _________.
A. not written any letters
B. much time to write letters
C. no time to write letters
D. a little time to write letters
4. She came to England to _________.
A. study
B. make a living
C. learn British ways of living
D. learn about life there
5. Englishmen ___________.
A. do not often shake hands with friends when they meet
B. often shake hands with friends when they meet
C. raise their hats to all friends when they meet
D. do not raise their hats to friends when they meet
１.Ｂ ２.Ｃ３.Ｄ４.Ａ５.Ａ
4
We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights，and there my wife saw the bookshelf, It stood outside a furniture (家具) shop. "Buy it，" she said at once. "We'll carry it home on the roof rack (车顶架). I've always wanted one like that." What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer， and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof rack. It was tall and narrow，quite heavy too. As it was getting darker， I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea. After a time my wife said, "There's a long line of cars behind. Why don't they overtake (超车)?" Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers (警官) inside looked at us seriously when they went past. But then, with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church (教堂). One of the officers came to me. "Right, sir，" he said, "Do you need any more help now?" I didn't quite understand." Thanks，officer，" I said, "You've been very kind. I live just down the road." He was looking at our things: first at the flowers， then at the bookshelf. "Well，well，" he said and laughed. "It's a bookshelf you've got there! We thought it was－er something else." My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood why the police drove here. I smiled at the officer. "Yes, it's a bookshelf, but thanks again." I drove home as fast as I could.
1.
From the story we know that ______.
A. the writer was poor and didn't buy the bookshelf for his wife
B. the writer's wife didn't like the bookshelf at all
C. the writer was always glad to buy something for his wife
D. the writer was not very glad to buy the bookshelf for his wife
2.
What made the writer think that carrying furniture
was "a good idea"?
A. He could drive slowly and it was safe.
B. Other drivers would let him go first.
C. His wife could use a new bookshelf.
D. He could save a lot of money and time.
3.
Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the
writer?.
A. Because they thought the writer liked studying very much and
needed a bookshelf.
B. Because they didn't think it was polite to overtake a car with a
bookshelf on it.
C. Because they thought somebody in the writer's family had died and
he needed help.
D. Because they thought it was dangerous to carry a bookshelf on a car.
4.
Why did the writer's wife begin to laugh?
A. Because now she knew what mistake the police had made.
B. Because at last her husband understood why the police had driven
to the church.
C. Because the officer was always looking at the flowers and the
bookshelf.
D. Because the police had helped them a lot.
5.
When did the officers begin to realize (意识到)they had made a
mistake?
A. Before they arrived at the church.
B. Before they overtook (overtake的过去式) the writer's car.
C. After one of them looked at the flowers and the bookshelf carefully
at the church.
D. After the writer's family left the church.
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C
5
New York, London, Paris and
other big cities are exciting places to live in. There are many interesting
things to see and to do. You can go to different kinds of museums, plays and
films. You can also go shopping to buy things from all over the world.
But there are serious problems in big cities too. The cost of living is high, and there are too many people in some of big cities. Every year many people move to the cities because there are some chances to find jobs, to study at good schools, and to receive good medical care. But sometimes these people cannot find work or a good place to live in. Also, too many people in a small space make it hard to keep the cities safe and clean.
Some people enjoy living in big cities. Others do not. Before people more to big cities, they should think about the problems of living there.
1. Which is the best title (题目)for this passage?
A. Big cities
B. New York, London, and Paris
C. Exciting Places to live in
D. Serious Problems in Big Cities
2. In big cities people can ______.
A. go to different kinds of museums
B. see all kinds of plays
C. buy things from all over the world
D. A, B and C
3. Which of the following is true?
A. Big cities are not safe and clean enough.
B. People can easily find a good place to live in a big cities.
C. Big cities are safe, but not clean.
D. All people like to live in big cities.
4. In this passage the writer advised (建设) people ________.
A. to move to a big city
B. not to move to big city
C. not to move to a big city without thinking about the problems there
D. not to think too much about the problems before they move at a big city.
5. Which is not talked about in this passage?
A. New York and London are big cities, and also is Paris.
B. Big cities are better than small cities.
C. Big cities are exciting places to live in.
D. Big cities have a lot of serious problems.
Key:１.Ａ ２.Ｄ３.Ａ４Ｃ５.Ｂ
6
Before you bring home a goldfish, be sure to let some water stand in your fishbowl for a day or two.
When you bring the goldfish home, let it stay in the container of water in which you brought it from the store, and put the container into your goldfish bowl for an hour or more. This will allow the water temperature in the container (容器)to become the same as the water temperature in the bowl. Then pour the goldfish and the water out into the bowl.
Feed your goldfish every day, but be sure not to feed it more than it will eat right away.
When you clean your goldfish bowl, you should always put the goldfish in a container of water, which has been standing for about a day in the room where you keep your goldfish.
1. This passage tells you how to _______.
A. feed a goldfish B. buy a goldfish
C. take care of a goldfish D. carry a goldfish home
2. If you want to buy a goldfish today, you should _______.
A. have bought it one or two days ago.
B. have some water in your fishbowl yesterday or the day before
yesterday.
C. buy it at once
D. buy it in a day or two.
3. After you bring the goldfish home in a container _______.
A. be sure to empty it into the fishbowl at once.
B. put some fresh water from the faucet (龙头)into your fishbowl and
pour the goldfish right in .
C. pour the goldfish and the water out into your goldfish bowl .
D. keep it still in the container and put it in your goldfish bowl for a
while.
4. Why do you do like this? Because of _______.
A. the difference of the water temperature
B. the temperature
C. the water temperature
D. the water
5. You should feed your goldfish _______.
A. as much as it wants to eat.
B. many times
C. once a week
D. every day and only as much as it will eat right away.
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D
7
One day a dentist（牙科医生）was starting his morning work. Suddenly a man in. His face was red and he could only say, “Quick! Quick!” The dentist thought he must be very ill. His assistant helped to make the poor man sit in a chair. The dentist gave the man some medicine to make him sleep. Then he looked into the man's mouth and pulled out all the bad teeth. After the man woke up, he said in a low voice, “Quick, doctor, Quick!”
“It's all right now,” the dentist told him. “It's over.”
“You don't understand,” said the man. “I came to tell you your house is on fire.”
1. When the man ran in, the dentist thought he must be _____________.
A. over B. ill C. all right D. rich
2. The man __________ after he took some medicine.
A. started to work B. started to cry C. went home D. went to sleep
3. The dentist pulled ___________ out of the man's mouth.
A. a tooth B. a bad tooth C. all the bad teeth D. all the teeth
4. The man ran in ___________.
A. because he was ill.
B. because he wanted to sleep
C. to tell the dentist that he was all right
D. to tell the dentist that his house was on fire
1.D 2.Ｃ3.Ｄ
8
The sounds we hear on the earth are carried by the air. Since there is no air on the moon, people who get to the moon must talk to each other by radio. The dust（灰尘）in the earth's air, though very little, scatters（散射）the sunlight. This makes the earth's daytime sky blue and the shadows（阴影）are not completely dark. But on the moon, the sky is always black. You would be able to see stars in the daytime. Sunny places on the moon would by very, very bright. But the shadows would be almost black. The moon has no air or wind to carry the sun's heat. So it can get hot enough to boil（煮开）water in the places where the sun is shining straight down.
1. In the daytime the sky was ___________on the moon.
A. very, very bright B. blue
C. sometimes dark D. always black
2. All the sunny parts of the moon are _________ those of the earth.
A. not brighter than B. as bright as
C. brighter than D. darker than
3. The earth's sky looks blue because ____________.
A. the air around is a blue gas
B. there is dust on the earth
C. of the fact that the sunlight is blue
D. there is air around and the dust in the air scatters the sunlight
4. Which of the following is not true?
A. The shadows on the moon would be nearly black.
B. All the sunny places of the moon can become so hot as to boil water.
C. The moon has no air and no wind.
D. Even in the daytime stars could be seen on the moon.
1.Ｄ2.Ｃ3.Ｄ4.Ｂ
9
Japanese students work very hard but many are unhappy. They feel heavy pressures（压力）from their parents. Most students are always told by their parents to study harder and better so that they can have a wonderful life in the future. Though this may be a good idea for those very bright students, it can have terrible results for many students who are not gifted（有天赋的）enough. Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have their parents lose hope. Such students feel that they are hated by everyone else they meet and they don't want to go to school any longer. They become dropouts.
It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they are no able to help their children and that it is the teachers' work to help their children. To make matters worse, a lot of parents send their children to those schools opening in the evenings and on weekends——they only the students to pass the exams and never teach them any real sense of the world.
Many Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students' hair to their clothes and things in their school bags. Child psychologists（心理学家）now think that such strict rules are harmful（有伤害的）to the feelings of the students. Almost 40% of the students said that no one had taught them how to get on with others, how to tell right from wrong and how to show love and care for others, even for their parents.
1. “Dropouts” are those who ____________.
A. make troubles in and out of schools.
B. go about or stay home instead of being at school
C. try hard but always fail in the exams
D. lose hop and give up some of their subjects.
2. According to the passage, it's necessary to teach students ______._
A. how to study well B. how to get on with others
C. to show love and care for others. D. All above.
3. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. The Trouble in Japanese School
B. The Problems of Japanese Students
C. Education（教育）in Japan
D. The Pressures on the Students in Japan
1.Ｂ2.Ｄ3.
10
One day, I happened to (碰巧) talk to a stranger on the bus. When he found out that I was from Chicago, he told me that one of his good friends lived there and he wondered if I happened to know him. At first I wanted to say that Chicago was a very big city. He was silent (沉默) for a few minutes, and then he began to tell me all about his friend.
He told me that his friend was an excellent tennis player, and that he even had his own tennis court (网球场). He added that he knew a lot of people with swimming pools, but that he only knew two people in the country had their own tennis courts. And his friend in Chicago was one of them. I told him that I knew several people like that. For example, my brother and my next-door neighbour. I told him that my brother was a doctor. The doctor had a tennis court. I said that my next-door neighbour went to Sacramento last summer and lived in the house next to my brother's. For a moment, we looked at each other. But we did not say anything.
“Would your friend's name happen to be Roland Kirkwood? ”I asked finally. He laughed and said, “Would your brother's name happen to be Dr. Ray Hunter?” It was my turn to laugh.
1. How many people does the story involve (涉及)?
A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven
2. Which of the following is the title (题目) of the story?
A. On A Bus B. Two Tennis Players
C. One In A Million D. Chicago Is A Large City
3.The writer said that Chicago was a very big city. That means _________.
A. it was possible (可能的) for him to happen to know the stranger's friend
B. he didn't want to find the stranger's friend
C. it was impossible to find the stranger's friend
D. he didn't know the stranger's friend
4. When the stranger told the writer that only two people in the county
had their own tennis courts, he meant that __________.
A. his friend was a famous person
B. his friend was an excellent tennis player
C. the writer could find his friend
D. the writer would happen to know his friend
5. Which of the following is true?
A. The story happened in Chicago.
B. The writer's brother lived in Sacramento.
C. Both the writer and the stranger lived in Chicago.
D. Both the writer and his brother lived in California.
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B
11
In the eighteenth century, cities became larger and larger. People moved from the country and small towns to the cities, because there was more work for them to do in the cities. On Sundays and holidays, they liked to leave the cities and have a good time in the country. But not every family had a horse. People wanted and needed another kind of transportation (交通工具). Inventors in many countries tried to meet this need. The first bicycle was very simple. It was made in 1790. People called it "the horse on wheels (轮子)." Then in 1861, bicycles became popular.
People liked bikes, because they weren't too expensive as horses. They didn't need to build a house to keep them in, and they wanted nothing to eat. They could ride them in the city and in the country. Everybody in the family could go and come by bike —— men, women, girls and boys.
Today people in every country in the world ride bikes.
1. The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. the bike has become a popular form of transportation
B. transportation has changed a lot
C. the cities became larger and larger in the 18th century
D. travelling in the country is more difficult than that in the city
2. Bikes were used as a popular form of transportation _______.
A. before 1790 B. after 1790
C. between 1790 and 1861 D. after 1861
3. People went back to the country when they had _______.
A. holidays B. bicycles C. another form of transportation D. horses
4. Why did people like bikes? Because _______.
A. they were cheaper than horses
B. everyone in the family could go and come on a bike
C. they could be ridden in the city and in the country
D. all of the above
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.D
12
A Birthday Present
Every Saturday, Mrs Smith goes to the shop. Three weeks ago she did the shopping, and started to walk towards the bus stop, which was at the end of the road. Her bag was so heavy that she had to rest for a moment. She stopped by a new, bright red Mini, which was parked at the side of the road. As she stood there, she saw a policeman coming towards her. “Excuse me, madam, ” said the policeman, “ I want to ask you some questions. What is your name? ”
“ Jane Smith, ” she replied. “ But…”
“And what is your address? ” he continued.
“86, Market Street, ” she said, “But I don’t understand why you are asking these questions. ”
“Can you read that sign over there, madam?” asked the policeman.
“Yes, I can, ” said Mrs Smith. “It says ‘No Parking’. ”
“Yes, madam, that is correct. So why have you parked your car here? I shall have to give you a parking ticket. ”
“But this isn’t my car! ” said Mrs Smith.
“Isn’t it! ” said the policeman, and his face as red as the car. “I’m terribly sorry. Forgive me. Still, I shall have to stick a ticket on the car.” And he took out his book and stuck a parking ticket on the front of the Mini.
“I must say again that I’m terribly sorry…” But he was not able to finish, because another woman had arrived. She kissed the policeman and said, “Hello, dear, I knew I could find you here this time of day. Happy birthday! I’ve got a surprise for you. I’ve brought you your birthday present. ”
“Thank you, dear,” said the policeman, “But where is it? ”
His wife pointed at the red Mini. “Here it is, ” she said, “But you mustn’t leave it in this road for very long. There’s a ‘No Parking’ sign over there.”
Notes: 1. Mini 微型汽车 2. park 停放 3.madam女士
4. forgive 原谅 5. stick (stuck) 粘贴
1. After shopping that day, Mrs Smith wanted _______.
A. to walk home B. to take a Mini
C. to take a bus D. to take a taxi
2.A policeman went to her because _______.
A. he thought she was a thief
B. he thought she was his wife
C. he thought she needed some help
D. he thought she had done something wrong
3. The policeman’s face turned red because ________.
A. he had made a mistake B. he was very hot
C. he was very angry with somebody D. he saw his wife
4.The policeman asked Mrs Smith to ______.
A. forget him B. forgive him
C. remember him D. give him the Mini
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B