人教版初三英语全册习题、典型例题
习题精选
I．词汇练习
A) 根据句意，补全句中的单词。
1. The dead l __ a v __ s on the ground also keep.
2. The f l __ __ d was brought about by several days of heavy rain.
3. Tree can stop the sand from moving towards the rich f__ __m l__ __ d.
4. D r __ __ g __ t often happens in this town.
5. The rain p __ __ v __ __ t e d me from going.
6. There are many mistakes to be c __ r r __ __ __ e d
7. He p __ __ n t e d to the high mountains far away.
8. The Great Green Wall is across the n __ __ t h __ __ __ part of China.
9. Tie the tree to the top of a stick to keep it st __ __ __ g h t.
10. There’s a n __ t i__ __ on the wall, let’s go and have a look.
B)用所给动词的适当形式完成下列对话。
1. A: Do you know how to grow cotton?
B: Yes, more or less.
A: Can cotton _______ (grow) in water?
B: No, It’s usually _________ (grow) on the ground.
A: Can cotton _______ (harvest) once a year?
B: Yes, It can’t _______ (harvest) twice a year.
2. A: Why should trees _______ (plant) on the mountains?
B: Forests are very important to the world. The wind can ______ (stop )from _____ (blow) the earth away. The sand can ______ (stop ) from______ (move) towards the rich farmland.
A: We ______ already_________ (plant) about eight thousand trees. Millions of trees may _______ (need) for all the mountains here, you’ll ______ (see) a “Great Green Wall” in a few years’ time.
B: That’ll be really wonderful.
C) 根据句意，选择与划线部分意思相同或相近的解释。
( )1. Neither Tom nor Peter is at home.
A. Everyone of them B. Neither of them
C. Not both of them D. Neither of them
( )2. Thanks to your help, I finished the working time.
A. Because B. Under C. Without D. With
( )3. Tom will go to Guang Dong by plane.
A. by train B. by air C. by car D. by shop
( )4. We have friends all over the world.
A. through B. throughout C. together D. together with
( )5. There are many trees on each side of the river.
A. either side B. all side C. both side D. another side
( )6. Bill enjoys playing football.
A. often plays B. is good at C. does well in D. is interested in
II．单项选择填空
( )1. Forests help to keep water _____ away.
A. from to run B. from running
C. from run D. from the running
( )2. ________ the Green wall, the land produces more crops.
A. Thank to B. Thanks to
C. Thank for D. Thanks for
( )3. Make sure that_______ straight.
A. it B. is it C. it is D. its
( )4. He ran _______ fast that he had got a pain in his side.
A. too B. very C. quite D. so
( )5. Neither you nor I _______ right.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
( )6. Knock a long, strong stick________ earth next to the hole.
A. into the B. in C. on the D. on
( )7. All the mobile phones must be_______ during the meeting.
A. kept off B. keep off C. keep from D. kept form
( )8. Why are you ________ old clothes today?
A. into B. in C. wear D. dress
( )9. Dig a hole _______ for the tree.
A. large enough B. enough large
C. largely D. enough
( )10. He likes not only skating in winter but also _______in summer.
A. to swim B. swims C. swimming D. swim
( )11. I tied the tree to the top of the stick ______ it was straight.
A. in order to B. for C. so that D. but
( )12. Mr Green is nearly two metres_____.
A. high B. long C. tall D. big
( )13. In a few _____ time, trees will cover all the mountains here.
A. year B. years C. year’s D. years’
( )14. He pointed _____ the bird flying in the sky and smiled.
A. at B. to C. in D. on
( )15. Planting trees is _______ hard work.
A. / B. a C. the D. an
( )16. The light in the room ______ before you leave.
A. must turn off B. will turn off
C. are turned off D. must be turned off
( )17. ______ she eats, _____ she’ll be.
A. More, fat B. The more, fatter
C. More, the fatter D. The more, The fatter
( )18. Water the trees as _______ as possible.
A. many B. more C. often D. much more
( )19. Many more trees will be planted ________ 2 years.
A. for B. in C. since D. ago
( )20. Where can the young trees be planted? ________ the lake.
A. On B. In C. Along D. Into
III．完成句子
A）完成下列对话，每空一词。
A: We want to plant trees on the hill _____1____ Tree Planting Day.
B: Good! It’s the best time to plant trees, but do you know ___2_____ to plant trees?
A: Yes, first we should ____3___ a hole large enough ___4____ the tree. Then we should knock a stick____5____ the earth next to the hole.
B: What’s next?
A: We will put the tree ____6_____ the hole, and put the earth ____7____ in the hole again. At last we must tie the tree _____8____ the top of the stick to keep it____9____.
B: That’s right. Must the tree be watered as _____10_____ as possible?
A: Of Course.
B) 根据所给的中文完成下列句子（每空一词）。
1．春天到了，该植树了。
Spring ______, it’s time ________ _________ trees.
2．你的作文明天必须交上来。
Your composition _______ _______ _______ _______ tomorrow.
3．用这种方法，防止了水灾的发生。
_____ this _____, floods ________ _______.
4．多亏绿色长城，挽救了大量富饶的农田。
_____ ______ the Great Green Wall, a lot of_____ farm land _____ _____.
5．森林有助于防止干旱和洪水的发生。
Forests______ to _______ droughts and _______ .
IV. 改错。（下列每句话都有一个错误，请指出并改正）
( )1. Neither I nor he have been to
America.
A B C D
( )2. Our classroom must clean every day.
A B C D
( )3. Can you stop the boy about cutting
the young trees?
A B C D
( )4. Mary likes to be on red.
A B C D
( )5. We should dig a hole enough large to
plant a tree.
A B C D
( )6. There are about two thousands of
students in this school.
A B C D
V．完形填空
Yesterday afternoon I went to the hospital ___1___ my mother. She had been sent there the day I was going into the hospital ___2____ I suddenly met an old friend of ____3_____, Mr Black. I was very happy to see him. We had not seen each other ____4_____ we left school five years ago. He looked worried. I asked him ____5___ he was worried about. He told me that he had just had a too the taken out. I thought that there was ____6____ serious about it and I said so. But he said, “I’m worried because the doctor has taken out the ___7_____! When the doctor finished.” I couldn’t tell him what had happened to me because my mouth was filled ____8____ cotton. Ten minutes later, after the cotton was pulled out, I was able to tell the doctor that the bad tooth was ____9___ there. He said that he was ___10___ to hear that. “I have another operation.”
( )1. A. saw B. to see C. seen D. seeing
( )2. A. while B. when C. after D. as
( )3. A. I B. me C. my D. mine
( )4. A. since B. for C. or D. when
( )5. A. why B. how C. whom D. what
( )6. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
( )7. A. bad one B. wrong one C. bad tooth D. one tooth
( )8. A. by B. with C. of D. almost
( )9. A. already B. also C. yet D. still
( )10. A. glad B. happy C. sorry D. angry
VI．阅读理解
Scientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts, so people can live and grow food. They are learning a lot about the deserts. But more and more of the earth is be coming desert all the time. Scientists may not be able to Change the desert in time.
Why is more and more land becoming desert? Scientists think that people make deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth.
Some places on the earth don’t get much rain. But they still don’t become deserts. This is because some green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places. Plants don’t let the hot sun make the earth even drier. Plants don’t let the wind blow the dirt away. When a bit of rain falls, the plants hole the water. Without plants the land can become desert more easily.
1. Deserts __________.
A. never have any plants or animals in them
B. can will be turned into good land before long
C. get very little rain
D. are all made by people
2. Small green plants are very important to dry places because _____.
A. they don’t let the sun make the earth even drier
B. they don’t let the wind blow the earth away
C. they hole water
D. all of the above
3. Land is be coming desert little by little because _______.
A. plants can’t grow there
B. there is not enough rain
C. people haven’t done what scientists wish them to do.
D. scientists know little about the deserts
4. Which is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. Scientists know how to change desert into good land
B. Land is be coming desert faster than scientists can Change it back into good land.
C. If scientists can bring water to desert, people can live and grow food there.
D. more and more places are becoming deserts all the time.
5. After reading this, we learn that_____.
A. plants can keep dry land from becoming desert
B. it is good to get rid of the grass in the deserts
C. all places without much rain will become deserts
D. it is better to grow crops on dry land than to grow them on deserts
VII．用自己的话描述种树的一次经历。
参考答案
I． A） 1. leaves 2. flood 3. farmland 4. Drought 5. prevented
6. corrected 7. pointed 8. northern 9. straight 10. notice
B）1. be grown, grown, be harvested, be harvested
2. be planted, be stopped, blowing, be stopped, moving, have, planted, be needed, see
C） 1—6 BDBBAD
II． 1—5 BBCDB 6—10 AABAC 11—15 CCDBA 16—20 DDCBC
III．A） 1. on 2. how 3. dig 4. for 5. into 6. in 7. back 8. to
9. straight 10. often
B) 1. comes, to plant
2. must be handed in
3. In, way, are prevented
4. Thanks to, rich, is sawed
5. help, stop, floods
IV．1. C has 2. B be cleaned 3. B from 4. C in 5. C large enough 6. C thousand
V. 1—5 BBDAD 6—10 CBBDC
VI． 1—5 CDCBA
VII．Planting trees
Last Sunday, April 10, my classmates and I all went to plant trees on West Hill. As we know, trees are very important to us and they give us oxygen. They can purify the air, hold water when it rains and beautify our environment.
It is said that everything has a hard beginning. At first, we did not know what to do. So we had to ask a farmer for help. He showed us the right way and taught us carefully to plant trees. Then we did as he told us.
First of all, we dug a large hole for each tree. Then we knocked a long strong stick into the earth next to each hole. We put the trees in the holes and made sure that they were straight. Then we put the earth back in the holes again and pushed it down hard with our foot several times. After that, we tied the trees to the top of the sticks to keep them straight. At last we began to water the trees as much as possible. We thanked the farmer several times because we learnt a lot from him and he was very happy to have us as his students.
That day we worked from morning till late afternoon. Though we were rather tired, we had a great time.
典型例题
【例1】按要求改写下列各句，每空一词，缩写算一词。
1. You must tie the tree to the top of the stick. （改为被动语态）
The tree _______ _______ ________ to the top of the stick.
2. The earth should be pushed down hard with your foot several times. （改为一般疑问句）
____ the earth ______ pushed down hard with your foot several times?
3. Must I finish my homework today? （改为被动语态）
_____ my homework ________ _______ today?
4. The students must keep the classroom clean and tidy every day. （改为含有被动语态的一般疑问句）
_____ the classroom _______ _______ _______ and tidy every day?
5. We should speak to the old man like that. （改为含有被动语态的否定句）
The old man ________ ________ ________ ________ like that.
答案：1. must be tired 2. should, be 3. must, be finished 4. Must, be kept clean
5. shouldn’t be spoken to
解析：在完成该题时，要注意保留原主动语态句中的情态动词，这样一来可以做到句意不变，在完成疑问句时，只需要将情态动词提前即可，be + 及物动词的过去分词结构保持不变。
【例2】完形填空
Yesterday was Sunday. Mike’s grandpa decided to __1__ Mike to the forest. They set __2__ very early. Mother gave them a basket of food and said, “Now don’t forget __3__ breakfast at eight and lunch at one. I want you to come back home by six.” As they walked along, Mike suddenly stopped and asked, “How can we tell what time it is in the forest __4__ a watch?”
Grandpa laughed, “Don’t worry. We’ll tell __5__ the flowers.” Mike was surprised.
“Each flower opens its petals(花瓣) __6__ a certain time. It folds(合拢) them up again at a certain time, too. Look!” Grandpa pointed to a pool,“Those are water lilies(莲花). They wake up at eight o’clock every morning and open their petals __7__ the sun.”
That __8__ it was time for breakfast. Then they walked on. Time flew quickly in the forest. They had lunch and walked on again. Then Grandpa said, “It’s time __9__ back way home. Look, the water lily is folding its petals. That means it’s after four o’clock.” “Next year we’ll plant a __10__ clock in our garden.” Grandpa said on the way home.
( )1. A. bring B. takes C. take D. bringing
( )2. A. in B. out C. at D. of
( )3. A. to have B. have C. has D. having
( )4. A. with B. without C. in D. before
( )5. A. by B. as C. for D. out
( )6. A. on B. after C. above D. at
( )7. A. over B. below C. to D. away
( )8. A. mean B. means C. meant D. meaning
( )9. A. to go B. going C. went D. go
( )10. A. grass B. stone C. flower D. wood
参考答案：
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C
讲解与说明:
1．take sb. to sw. 的意思是“带某人去……”，故此题选C。
2．set out 是固定短语，意思是“ 出发”，故此题选B。
3．forget to do sth. 是一个固定句式，意思是“忘记了要做某事”，这里迈克的妈妈告诉他们不要忘记了要吃早饭和午饭， 故此题选A。
4．根据句意可知，迈克问爷爷，“在森林里没有手表怎么知道时间呢？” 故此题选B。
5．介词by 有“靠、凭借”等含义，故此题选A。
6．at a certain time是一个固定短语，意思是“在一定的时间”，故此题选D。
7．介词to 表示“朝……”或“ 向……”，故此题选C。
8．莲花开放意味着时间约在早晨八点左右，即是吃早饭的时间，又因宾语从句中的时态为一般过去时，所以此题选C。
9．It’s time to do sth 是固定句式，意思是“到做……的时间了”，故此题选A。
10．从文中可知，爷爷是根据花瓣开和合来估计时间的， 所以爷爷是想要种一棵花，把它当作时钟来用， 故此题选C。
习题精选一
I．词汇练习
A）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Most business letters are ______in English in the world. (write)
2.Mrs. Clarke decided ______a new chair. (buy)
3.If you study hard, your ______will grow. (know)
4.The boy can wash his clothes _______. (he)
5.The doctor said that his mother needed an _______at once. (operate)
6. These _______ come from Canada. (visit)
7. English is widely used in business between different _______. ( country)
8. This holiday isn't so ______ as that one. (enjoy)
B) 根据句意和所给词首字提示完成句子中所缺单词。
1.When you plant trees, you should dig the hole d_____ enough.
2.We have seen many stars in the u_______.
3.Man-made s______ have been sent up into space by many countries.
4.Computers are w______ used in our life.
5.Eating v_______ is good for health.
C）根据句意，找出与划线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
1. Would you please ring him up at 5: 00 this afternoon?
A. wake him up B. telephone him C. take a message for him
2. She sent for a teacher because she couldn’t teach her son.
A. looked after B. went to see C. asked. . . to come
3. This coat is cheap enough , and I'll take it.
A. try it on B. borrow C. buy
4. It's hard work to plant trees in the desert.
A. difficult B. right C. hardly
5. She coughs day and night.
A. for twenty-four hours B. all the time C. very often
D）按要求写出下列各词
1. develop(名词)_________ 2. enjoy(形容词)
3.polite(副词)_________ 4.tmvel(旅行者)
5.wool(形容词)_________ 6.enter(名词)________
7.1uck(副词)________ 8. care（形容词）________
II．单项选择
A） 1.The news was sent to China ______Japan _______satellite.
A. in, of B. of, in C. from, by D. by, from
2.The moon is quite near us ________.
A. in the sky B. in space C. in sky D. in the space
3.The moon _______by man already.
A. has been visited B. has been found
C. will be reached D. will be seen
4.China ________a lot of man-made satellites so far.
A. has been sent up B. has sent up C. sent up D. are being sent up
5.Our knowledge of the universe ________all the time.Our knowledge ________and the universe ________.
A. is growing, grows, developes
B. grows, is growing, develops
C. grows, grows, is developing
D. is growing, is growing, is developing
6. She often watches football matches ______ Channel 5.
A. on B. at C. under D. in
7. Our teacher said that the moon ______ around the earth.
A. traveled B. travels C. has traveled D. had travelled
8. Don't ______in the hospital.
A. walk B. speak C. smoke D. laugh
9.We can use satellites _______ us _______telephone calls to foreign countries.
A. to help, to make B. help, make C. help, to make D. to help, made
10. Do you know ______ Miss Li talked to on the bus?
A. what B. that C. who D. if
11. The old man ______ two weeks ago.
A. has died B. dead C,. has dead D. died
12.Xiao Li _______his hometown for ten years.
A. has left B. left C. has been away from D. went away from
13. I have a feeling that maths is ______ than Chinese.
A. as difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. difficult
14.Neither they nor I _______going to Shanghai next week.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
15. The skirt is made ______ cotton.
A. of B. from C. in D. by
16.He finished his work _______the help of his classmates.
A. with B. under C. on D. in
17. Libraries must ______ quiet.
A. be kept B .keep C. keeping D. kept
18.Our bedrooms must _______clean and tidy.
A. be kept B. keep C. keeps D. keeping
19.Here are _______good news for you.
A. two B. two pieces of C. two piece of D. a piece
20. There are 20 more trees ______.
A. to plant B. planting C. to be planted D. be planted
21.Japan is a _______ country while China is a _______ one.
A. developed, developed B. developing, developed
C. developed, developing D. developing, developing
22.The teacher was quite pleased _______ my answer.
A. in B. of C. to D. with
23.The strange teapot with three legs made me _______ thirsty.
A. felt B. to feel C. feels D. feel
24.The heavy rain ______ us _______ going home.
A. started…to B. started … from C. stopped … to D. stopped…from
25.Sheep are kept by farmers ________.
A. for watching the doors B. for sending messages
C. for producing meat and wool D. for making problems
III．句型转换
A) 同义句改写
1.They often sing this English song.
This English song ______often ______by them.
2.Where does she live? Do you know?
Do you know ______she ______?
3.Don't play with fire. Mum told us.
Mum told us ______ ______play with fire.
4. The park is ten kilometres from our school.
It's ten kilometres ______ our school ______the park.
5. John always goes to school late.
He ______ late ______school ______the ______.
B）按要求改写下列各句
6. The moon has been visited by man already.（改为主动语态）
Man ______ ______the moon already.
7. He always takes care of his little brother. (改为被动语态)
His little brother ______ _______ ________ _______ by him
8. It's 2216 kilometres from Kunming to Guangzhou.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ is it from Kunming to Guangzhou?
9. We should speak to the old man politely. (就划线部分提问)
______ ______ we ______ _______ the old man?
10. He decided to buy the shirt. (改为复合句)
He decided _______ he ________ _________ the shirt.
IV．完成句子
A）根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。
1. 我们的新老师和我们相处得不错。
Our new teacher is _______ _______ well with us.
2. 请在第三个十字路口向左拐。
Please turn left _______ the third ________.
3. 汤姆的父亲烟酒不沾。
Tom’s father _______ drinks ________ smokes
4. 对我们来说，学好一门外语不容易。
It’s not easy for us _______ learn a _______ language well.
5. 在老师的帮助下，她数学考试及格了。
_______ the teacher’s ________, she passed her maths exam.
B) 情景交际：根据情景，选择最佳问答。
6.— How are things going with you?
— _______.
A. Quite well, thank you B. Don't ask me such a question
C. Good, and you D. Pleased to tell me
7.— Will you come to see the film with me?
— ________
A. No, I don’t. B. Sorry, I can’t C. Yes, I’m. D. Yes, I want
8.— Is that Mr. Wang speaking?
— _________
A. Who are you? B. Who is he? C. Are you Mrs. Wang D. Who’s that?
9.— What’s the weather like today?
— _______
A. Very well. B. Yes, it’s good. C. It’s fine. D. It’s well.
10.— Could you tell me the way to the post office?
— ________
A. Certainly. B. I could do. C. I can do it. D. That’s all right.
习题精选二
V. 完形填空
A
Many people today read stories about UFOs（不明飞行物）. But ___1___ are UFOs?
The most popular explanation（解释）for UFOs is that ___2____ carry visitors coming from other planets（行星）. They seem to fly ___3____ faster than planes on the earth. The explanation is believed by some UFO ___4____. It is even believed that ___5____ UFOs reached the earth and space visitors were living ____6___us.
Sometimes people ___7____ mistakes when they say they have seen UFOs. They ___8____ see a weather balloon（气球）or a strange plane, or the light they see in ___9____ sky comes from the ground. Sometimes they see the light from the moon shining on water vapour（水蒸气）in the air. However, there are a lot of ___10____ we can't explain. It may take many years to find a clever answer.
1. A. how B. who C. what D. why
2. A. it B. they C. we D. you
3. A. very B. more C. many D. much
4. A. scientists B. planes C. lights D. balloons
5. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
6. A. after B. before C. between D. among
7. A. take B. make C. think D. say
8. A. may B. should C. must D. need
9. A. / B. a C. the D. this
10. A. some B. ones C. pieces D. others
B
A girl wrote a l ____story. She sent it to a famous editor (编辑). After a few weeks the story was r____ to her. The girl was very a____. She wrote back to the editor:
Dear sir, yesterday you sent back a story of m____. How do you know t____ the story is not good? You didn’t read it. At least, you didn’t finish reading it. Before I sent you the story ,I pasted (粘) together p____118, 119 and 120. This was a test to see whether you w ____read the story. When the story came back yesterday, the pages were s____ pasted together. I ____this the way you read all the stories that are sent to you?
The editor wrote back, “Dear Madam, at breakfast when I have an egg, I don’t have to eat the w____ egg in order to find that it is bad.”
VI. 阅读理解
A
Have you ever seen the man in the moon? If you look closely at the moon on some nights, you can see the face of the man in the moon. Some people say that they can see an old man carrying sticks. Others see a girl reading a book. These pictures are made by the mountains and plains(平原) of the moon.
Long ago people in England used to(平原) tell their children that the moon was large round rock(岩石). It is completely bare(完全光秃). There are no trees or plants on the moon. There are no rivers and no seas. There are no living things (生物). It never rains on the moon, and everything is covered with dry, white dust. Not even a sound can be heard on the moon.
When the sun shines on it, the moon is very hot. In the shade( 阴影处), however, it is much colder than ice.
The moon is much smaller than the earth. It does not weigh as the earth. If you went to the moon, you could weigh(重量) only one sixth you do now. Even a fat man would be able to jump off the ground.
1. On some nights it seems there is ______ in the moon.
A. an old man reading a book B. a child eating a cake
C. a man's face D. a tree and a young man
2. The moon is made of ______.
A, rivers and seas B. rock C. green cheese D. trees and plants
3. The moon is ______.
A. very hot B. very cold
C. very hot in the day and very cold at night D. covered with ice
4. On the moon you can jump high because ______.
A. you will feel very happy B. the moon is much colder than ice
C. the moon is very hot D. you will weigh only one sixth that you do on the earth.
5. There ______ on the moon.
A. is water B. is air C. is white, dry dust D. are some wild animals
B
The Gift of Language
A rabbit is running into its hole. You will ask, “What has this to do with language?”
Well, when a rabbit sees something dangerous, it runs away. Its tail moves up and down as it runs. When other rabbits see this tail moving up and down, they run too. They know that there is danger. The rabbit has told them something without making a sound. It has given them a signal (信号).
Many other animals use this kind of language. When a bee has found some food, it goes back to its home. It can not tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does a little dance in the air. This tells the bees where the food is.
Some animals say things by making sounds. A dog barks, for instance, when a stranger comes near. A cat purrs when pleased. Some birds make several different sounds, each with its own meaning.
But human beings have something that no animal has a large number of words. They have the meanings of things, actions (行为),feelings(感情，感觉) or ideas. We are able to give each other information, to tell or inform other people what is in our mind or how we feel. By writing words down we can help us to remember what have happened, or send messages to people far away. No animals can do this. No animal has the great power(力量) of language.
No one knows how man learned to make words. Some how he learned to make them. As centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.
People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world. A very large English dictionary, for example, has four or five hundred thousand words. But we do not know all these. The words we know are called vocabulary. We should try to make our vocabulary larger. Read as many books as possible. When we meet a new word, look it up in the dictionary. A dictionary is the most useful book.
1.When a rabbit gives the other rabbits a signal of danger, it ______.
A. runs into its hole
B. stops to move its tail
C. runs with its tail moving up and down
D. stops moving its tail up and down as it runs
2.A dog can tell something ______.
A. by giving signals B. by making different sounds
C. by purring D. by barking
3. We all know that no animal is able to ______.
A. give the others information
B. tell the others how it feels
C. show its actions and feelings with words
D. make different sounds, each with its own meaning
4. Generally speaking(一般地讲) .what we mean by “vocabulary” is______.
A. all the words that we know
B. more and more words we use
C. all the words we need
D. the dictionary which has thousands of words
5. We must ______to make our vocabulary larger.
A. make more and more new words
B. learn more languages
C. look up any new words in a dictionary
D. try to read as many books as possible
C
The earth moves round the sun, and the moon moves round the earth. When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night.
The sun is much bigger than the moon. But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun because it's much nearer to the earth.
The sun is very bright. It gives very strong light. The moon looks quite bright, too. But it doesn't give any light at all. The light from the moon comes from the sun.
The moon looks much bigger and brighter than the other stars. But in fact（实际上）many stars are much bigger and brighter than the moon. They look smaller than the moon because they are farther away from the earth.
11. When our part of the earth in China turns to the sun it is ______in America.
A. day B. night C. sunny D. cloudy
12. Sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun because _______
A. it's really big B. it's much nearer to the earth
C. it comes out at night D. it's quite bright
13. The moon isn't the biggest among the stars, is it?
A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn't C. Yes, it isn't D. No, it is
14.Which is the most important to us?
A. The sun B. The moon C. The stars D. None of the above
15. Which of the following sentences is right?
A. The moon moves round the sun and the earth.
B. The sun is much nearer to us than the moon.
C. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is day time.
D. No sun, no lives.
D
Many People think men and women are the same in every way. They believe women are just as clever as men. They also believe that in business women are as logical(逻辑的) and creative(有创造力的)as men. They feel that men can be just as good with children as women. Most people agree that there are some real physical differences between men and women. In general, most women are not as strong as men. Most women are not as tall as men. And most women can't run or march as fast as men. But that doesn’t mean women are inferior(低劣) to men in any way. They should be equal(平等).
16. Which of the followings is true?
A. Men and women are equal in every way all over the world.
B. Women are just as clever as men.
C. Women aren't as logical and creative as men in business
D. Men can't be good parents.
17. Which statements about women and men is wrong?
A. Men can be just as good with children as women.
B. There are some physical differences between men and women.
C. Women are as strong as men in general.
D. Most women are not as tall as men.
18. In general, ______.
A. most men are not so strong as women
B. most women are as tall as men
C. women can't run as fast as men
D. men can't march as fast as women
19. The central idea of this passage is ______.
A. that women are not inferior to men in any way and they should be equal
B. women are now equal in every way
C. women shouldn't be against men
D. men shouldn't be against women
20. Many parents still prefer to have sons. It means ______.
A. men and women are equal in every way
B. men and women aren't equal in every way
C. many parents love sons
D. many parents don't love girls
VII. 短文写作
请以Man-made satellites为题写一篇短文，描写天体、人造卫星及其用途。字数要求70 — 100字。可以从以下几方面选择素材：
1．想象描写天体、人造卫星围绕地球运行时的场面。
2．说明人造卫星的种类，可举例。
3．说明人造卫星在军事上、生产上、气象上等方面的用途。
4．展示人造卫星的发展前途。
参考答案：
I．
A）1.written 2.to buy 3.knowledge 4.himself 5.operation 6. visitors 7. countries 8. enjoyable
B) 1.deep 2.universe 3.satellites 4.widely 5.vegetable(s)
C)1-5 B C C A B
D）1. development 2. enjoyable 3. politely 4. traveller 5. wool(l)en 6. entrance 7. luckily 8. careful
II．1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 9.A 8.C 10.C 11.D 12.C 14.B 13.B 15.A 16.A 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.C 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.D 25.C
III．1.is, sung 2.where, lives 3.not to 4.from, to 5.is, for, all, time 6.have visited 7. is always take care of. 8.How far 9. How should, speak to 10. that, should buy
IV．A）1.getting on (upon) 2.at, crossing 3.neither, nor 4.to, foreign 5.with, help
B) 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A
V. A ) 1-5 CBDAB 6-10 DBACD
B) long, returned, angry, mine, that, pages, would, still, Is, whole
VI. 1-5 CBCDC 6-10 C DC AD 11-15 BBBAD 16-20 B C C A B
VII．Man-made satellites
The universe means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars and the space between them. The sun is big and gives us light and heat, so we feel warm or hot and bright in the day-time, but it is nearly the smallest of all the stars. Many of the stars cannot be seen clearly because they are too far away.
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries for studying the earth. For example, the weather, energy, production and military affairs and so on. Many countries use satellites to send and receive messages. For example, China can send its radio and TV programs to the other side of the world and other countries can send theirs to China. We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to foreign countries.
Our knowledge of the universe is growing all the time. Our knowledge grows and the universe develops, because our knowledge is limited and as science and technology develop, we have got a further understanding about the universe. In the future man can go to any place in space. Thanks to space satellites, the world itself is becoming a much smaller place and people from different countries now understand each other better.
典型例题
【例1】 找出与划线部分意思相同或相近的词语，将序号填入题前括号内。
( ) 1. There are around five thousand workers in our factory.
A. more than B. about C. near to D. over
( ) 2. The old man is over seventy.
A. more than B. near to C. about D. nearly
( ) 3. The Browns will go to England.
A. will stay in B. are arriving in
C. are leaving for D. are getting to
( ) 4. Excuse me. Can you show me the way to the park?
A. give B. speak C. talk D. tell
( ) 5. We should say “please” when we want something.
A. ask for B .look for C. like for D. get for
解析：
1. B，around和about都可作“大约”解，about较常用。
2. A，over表示“超过”，more than表示“比……多”，两者有时可换用。
3. C，leave for表示“前往……”，再则表示位置移动的动词可用进行时态表示将来。
4. D，show在此是“指引”的意思，指路可以是show sb the way to，也可说成tell sb the way to.
5. A，ask for 表示“请求；向……要”在此可替换want.
【例2】下列各句划线部分均有一处错，找出并将序号填入题前括号。
( ) 1. Young trees must watered as often as possible.
A B C D
( ) 2. My teacher has gone to England twice.
A B C D
( ) 3. His mother often goes shop on Sundays.
A B C D
( ) 4. The city is two thousand kilometres far away from here.
A B C D
( ) 5. The teacher asked us do not to forget to do our lessons.
A B C D
解析：
1．B，含情态动词的被动语态结构是情态动词 + be + 过去分词，本句少了“be”。
2．B，本题主要是将have（has）gone to与have（has）been to混用了，前者表示到某地去了，不在此地；后者表示到某地去过，不在所去的地方；本题的意思是到英国去过两次，应用have（has）been to。
3．C，本题是词组错了，习惯用法是go shopping．
4．C，far是不确定概念的词，其前面不能有表示具体距离的数量词语，本题应将far去掉。
5．B，不定式的否定形式是not to do，不能加助动词，本题应将do去掉。
【例3】例题分析
( ) 1. Jim does better in Chinese ______the teachers’ ______.
A. under, help B. with, help
C. under, helps D. with, helps
分析与解答：“在某人的帮助下”英语译为：with one’s help 我们不能按汉语的意思去套用英语单词under。同时help作名词时，它是一个抽象名词不能加-s。故此题答案为 B。同时with one’s help也可以说成with the help of。例如：
（l）She climbed up to the top of the mountain with our help．在我们的帮助下她爬到了山顶。
（2）With the help of the man-made satellites, China can send and receive the TV and radio programmes to the other side of the world．在人造卫星的帮助下，中国可以发送或接收地球另一边的电视和广播节目。
( ) 2. Man-made satellites have been ______into space by many countries.
A. sent away B. sent for C. sent to D. sent up
分析与解答：现在完成时的被动语态是由：“have/has been+过去分词”构成。send away表示“撵走；赶走”；send for意为“派人去请/叫”；send…to…意为“把……送到”；send up意为“发射”。如：
Please send the dog away from the room. 请把狗从房间里撵出去。
Who sent you to me? 谁把你派到我这里来的？
答案是D。
( ) 3. The teacher told us that the moon ______round the earth.
A. travelled B. travel C. travelling D. travels
分析与解答：这是一个主从复合句，从句是宾语从句。一般来说，主从句的时态要相呼应。但是宾语从句是一个表示客观真理的句子时，则要用一般现在时，故答案为D。
4. So far, we ______(learn) nineteen units.
分析与解答： so far“到现在为止”，表示从过去某一点开始一直到现在这一段时间，常用于现在完成时态，故应填have learned。
5. 她从收音机里听到了一个很有趣的节目。
误：She heard a very interesting programme from the radio.
正：She heard a very interesting programme on/over the radio
析：从无线电广播上学到或听到，应该用on/over the radio或by radio，而不用from。
6. 张老师具有丰富的美国历史知识。
误：Mr. Zhang has many knowledges of English history.
正：Mr. Zhang has much knowledge of English history
析：knowledge是不可数名词，无复数形式。
习题精选一
I． 词语练习
A）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. In one minute, 174 ______were born in the world (baby).
2.If the population of the world still grows fast, there will be only ______(stand) room on the earth.
3.At the beginning of the ______(twenty)century, the world’s population was about 1,700 million.
4. Our country is becoming _________and _________(strong).
5. America is a _________(develop)country.
B）根据句意，在空格中填入适当的词。
6. One hundred is called a _________.
7. France and Germany are ________ countries.
8. The population of the world is still ________ today.
9. ________ about 600 years, there will be standing room only on the earth.
10. I m sure you’ll have a good time ________ your stay in China.
C) 找出一外与句子划线部分意思相同或相近的词或词组的选项。
11.We have to wait for the train hour after hour.
A. for two hours B. for many hours C. for a while D. for a moment
12.What a strong wind! It goes on and on for three days.
A. starts B. finishes C. lasts D. comes
13. The world's population was about 1,700 million at the beginning of the twentieth century.
A. a hundred year B. hundreds years C. hundred of years D. a hundred years
14. There is enough space from sixty people.
A. room B. rooms C. place D. house
l5. During the next hour, over l0, 440 more babies will be born on the earth.
A. almost B. nearly C. more than D. less than
参考答案：
1. babies 2.standing 3.twentieth 4. Stronger, stronger 5. developed 6.century 7.developed 8.growing 9.In 10.during 11.B 12.C 13.D 14. A 15.C
II．单项选择
1. That city has ______ population.
A. a little B. a few C. a small D. much
2. _____ is the population of Japan, do you know?
A. How many B. How much C. Which D. What
3. What ______ in one hundred years?
A. happened B. will be happened C. will happen D. happen
4. Fish can't live ______ water.
A. with B. at C. without D. on
5. I’m not ______ at English as he is.
A. as good B. as well C. good as D. better
6. You can borrow ______ book here if you will return it on time.
A. other B. some C. any D. several
7. ______ the beginning _____ the new term students usually work very hard
A. In/of B. In/in C. At/in D. At/of
8. They are becoming ___________.
A. beautifuler and beautifuler B. more beautiful and more beautiful
C. beautiful and beautiful D. more and more beautiful
9. China and India are ______ countries.
A. develop B. developed C. developing D. to develop
10. China has the ___________ population in the world.
A. smallest B. largest C. most D. more
11. Is there ______room for me to stand in?
A. a B. an C. the D./
12. My parents couldn’t decide whether they ______ send me to a private school next year.
A. will B.would C. were D. has to
13. Would you like to read the text as ______ as you can?
A. quickly B. quick C. faster D. quicker
14. They were made to work hour ______ hour.
A. by B. to C. in D. after
15. The population problem ______the greatest one of the world today.
A. may B. maybe C. may be D. be
16.—What are you going to do ______?
—I've no idea.
A. last B. next C. following D. before
17. Can you find out the answer ______this question?
A. in B. to C. on D. at
18. During the last three years my hometown ______ very quickly.
A .have changed B. has changed C. changed D. changes
19. I don't know if he ______. If he ______, I’ll let you know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
20. How do you say 6,281,000,000 in English?
A. Six million, two hundred and eighty-one million.
B. Six million and two hundred and eight-one thousand.
C. Six billion, two hundred and eight-one million.
D. Six billion, two hundred and eight-one millions.
21. Many scientists thought that there ______ enough space for men to live in.
A. wouldn't be B. wouldn't have
C. weren't going to be D. wasn't going to have
22.The paper of this book is not _______.
A. enough good B. well enough C. good enough D. enough well
23.The bridge is about ______ long.
A. five hundred metre B. five hundred metres
C. five hundreds metres D. five hundred of metres
24.The number of the students in our class ______56.
A. are B. were C. is D. am
25.–Basketball is the most popular game in America.
–_______.
A. So does it B. So it does C. So is it D. So it is
参考答案：
1. C 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. B 13.A 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. B 18.B 19. C 20. C 21.A 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.D
习题精选二
III．句型转换
A）同义句转换，每空一词。
1. “Can I borrow your bike?” he asked me.
He asked me ______ ______ could lend the bike to him.
2. The door is too small. The tall man can’t go through it.
The door is not ______ enough ______ the tall man to go through.
3. What's the population of India?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ in India?
4. Lily was born on June 10,1986, so was Mary.
______Lily ______Mary were born on June 10,1986.
5. What does “satellite” mean?
What do you ______ ______ “satellite”?
6. You came to school late yesterday. I came to school late, too.
You came to school late yesterday. ______ _____ I.
B) 根据要求改写下列各句。
7. Mr. Smith told me not to wait at the bus stop. （改为被动语态）
I _______ ______ _______ to wait at the bus stop.
8. The population of Germany is about seventy-eight million.（就划线部分提问）
______ ______ the population of Germany?
9.Do you know? When will he be back?（将上述两句合并成含宾语从句的复合句）
Do you know ______ he ______be back?
参考答案：
1.if/whether, I 2.big, for 3. How, many, people, are, there 4.Both, and 5.mean by 6. So, did 7. was told not 8. What is 9.when, will
IV．补全对话
A）填入所缺单词，使对话完整与通顺。
A: Could you ___1___ me your geography（地理）book?
B: ___2___. ___3___ you are.
A: ___4___you. We have just learned Unit 20. It tells us something ___5__ the world’s population. I want to know ___6___ about ___7___.
B: I’m not ____8___it now.
A: Thank you very much.
B: ___9___ at ___10___.
B）从方框内七个句子中，选择五个句子完成对话。
John, Peter and Mark are brothers. Their father has a new car, and they clean it for him in turns. It has just rained, and the car is very dirty. John is looking at it, and he is talking to Peter.
John: The car hasn't been cleaned for a few days.
Peter: 1 . It is very dirty.
John: Someone should clean it today.
Peter: Mark should clean it. 2 .
John: No, he cleaned it last time. It’s your turn.
Peter: 3 I always clean it after you,
John: Oh, dear, is it really my turn? But 4 .
Peter: Clean it now. Only lazy people leave today's work to tomorrow.
John: 5 .
Peter & Mark: You are even lazier.
A. No, it hasn't. B. Yes, it hasn't.
C. It's my turn. D. It's his turn.
E. Then I'll clean it the day after tomorrow.
F. I'll clean it tomorrow. G. No, it isn't my turn.
参考答案：
A) 1.lend 2.Certainly/Sure 3.Here 4.Thank 5.about 6.more 7.it 8.using 9.Not 10.all
B) 1-5 A D G F E
V．完形填空
London in the seventeenth century was one of the most beautiful cities in Europe of the time. There 1 many important buildings and one or two famous theatres (剧院) . There was also one large bridge 2 the River Thames.
3 , most of Londoners lived in 4 wood houses in the streets. There were 5 drains(下水道), so people 6 their dirty water and rubbish into the streets. It was 7 .
8 September 2nd, 1666, at about three o'clock in the morning, a 9 suddenly started in a shop. There was a strong 10 and the fire went 11 from one street to the 12 .
The fire lasted(持续) for three 13 and destroyed 13,200 homes and many other important 14 . This was the 15 of the old city of London.
1. A. are B. have C. were D. had
2. A. though B. in C. on D. across
3. A. Because B. However C .Everywhere D. Still
4. A. strong B. huge C. small D. modern
5. A. no B. many C. several D. all kinds of
6. A. threw B. put C. carried D. used
7. A. instructive B. interesting C. difficult D. dangerous
8. A. During B. On C. In D. About
9. A. fire B. shout C. play D. programme
10. A. rain B. snow C. wind D. force
11. A. hurriedly B. quickly C. suddenly D. slowly
12. A. other B. another C. next D. one
13. A. days B. years C. minutes D. hours
14. A. brides B. theatres C. buildings D. cities
15. A. beginning B. middle C. whole D. end
参考答案：
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13. A 14.C 15.D
VI．阅读理解
A
Peru(秘鲁)is the fifth largest Latin American country with a population of . Almost half of these people live in the city areas(地区). Around Lima, there were 20% of the total (总数) population in 1961. The population here grew faster than anywhere else and in another 35 years reaches 1 /3 of the total population.
About 45% of the people are Indians and 50% are white or mixed（混合人种）and the others are Asians, Negroes(黑人)or people from other countries.
In island areas, only about half of the people can read and write, but at the places near the sea, 2/3 of the population can read and write.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. Four countries are larger than Peru in Latin America.
B. Peru is the largest in the five of Latin American countries.
C. Latin is the fifth largest country in North America.
D. Five countries are larger than Peru in Latin America.
2. How many Peruvians(秘鲁人)live in the country area?
A. B. C. D.
3. By the year 1996, the population in Lima was possibly ________.
A. B. C. D. none of the above
4. In the past 35 years, the population in Lima has grown faster than
A. any place in Peru B. any other place in Peru
C. any place in Latin America D. any other place in the world
5. People living along the sea are possibly ________.
A. better educated (教育) B. worse educated
C. poorer in reading D. better at reading but not writing
B
Life in the twenty-first century will be very different from life today. Between then and now many changes will take place, but what will the changes be?
The population is growing fast. There will be many people in the world and most of them
will live longer than people live now.
Computers will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least (至少) one in
every home. And computer studies will be one of the important subjects in school then.
People will work fewer hours than they do now and they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and travelling. Travelling will be much easier and cheaper. And many more people will go to other countries for holidays.
There will be changes in our food, too. Maybe no one will eat meat every day. Instead they eat more fruit and vegetables. Maybe people will be healthier.
Work in the future(未来) will be different, too. Dangerous and hard work can be done by robots(机器人). Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.
6. There will be ______ in the future.
A. small population B. few changes C. more people D. few people
7. In the future the computer will be ______.
A. much bigger and few people will use it
B. much smaller and more useful
C. smaller and not many people will use it
D. bigger and a lot of people will use it
8. In the future more people ______.
A. will go to other countries for holidays B. will study at school
C. will go earlier D. will work for many hours
9. People will prefer ______ to ______ in the future.
A. fruit and vegetables, meat B. meat, fruit and vegetable
C. fruit and meat, vegetable D. meat and vegetables, fruit
10. The robots will ______ in the future.
A. do the dangerous work B. do all the work
C. do only housework D. do the easy work for people
参考答案：
1.A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A
VII. 书面表达
下面是一则书面通知，内容要点如下：
1．今天下午2点半来自一中的王老师给同学们作一场关于世界人口知识的报告。
2．地点：本校操场。
3．请同学们2点钟自带椅子和笔记本在操场集合。
4．会场要保持安静。
5．请准时参加，不要迟到。
按照上述内容，完成下面通知，每空一词。
NOTICE（通知）
Mr. Wang ___1___ No. 1 Middle School will ___2___ us a talk ___3___ half past two this afternoon. He will talk about something ___4___ the world's population. We'll ___5___on the school playground at two ___6____. ___7___ should ___8___ his own（自己的）chair and notebook（笔记本）. During the lecture（演讲）we should keep ____9___. ___10____ be late.
参考答案：
1.from 2.give 3.at 4.about 5.meet 6.o'clock 7.Everyone/Everybody 8.take 9.quiet 10.Don't
典型例题
【例1】 用英文写出下列数字
1. 295 _________ 2. 6,895_________
3. 49,604 _________ 4. 39,458,342 _________
5. 3,948,584,236_______ 6. 33,945,880,853_______
答案：1. two hundred and ninety-five(十位数与百位数之间有and。hundred不用复数) 2. six thousand, eight hundred and ninety-five(十位数与百位数之间有and。thousand不用复数) 3. forty-nine thousand, six hundred and four（十位数与百位数之间有and。Thousand不用复数） 4. thirty-nine million, four hundred and fifty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-two(十位数与百位数之间有and。million, thousand, hundred 不用复数) 5. three billion, nine hundred and forty-eight million, fifty hundred and eighty-four thousand. two hundred and thirty-six(十位数与百位数之间有and。billion, million, thousand, hundred不用复数) 6. thirty-three billion, nine hundred and forty -five million, eight hundred and eighty thousand, eight hundred and fifty-three(十位数与百位数之间有and。billion, million, thousand, hundred不用复数)
【例2】There’ll not be enough space even to stand on the earth.（改错）
A B C D
（就是在地球上站着，也没有足够的地方了。）
分析与解答 选项A表示there be结构的将来时，不错。选项B中space为不可数名词，而enough修饰名词，既可前置也可后置，也不错。选项D是固定词组，不错。因此，只有选项C有可能错。
一般来说，不及物动词是不能直接与名词或代词连用的，一定要在它们之间加上适当的介词。stand正是个这样的不及物动词，所以要在其后加一个适当的介词，才能带上space作宾语。如果它们以正常的语序出现，就极易看出其错误之处了。stand space（×）；stand in spate（√）。所以选项C是错的，应改为to stand in。同理，你可以看出下面两句括号中的介词也是不能省略的。
（l）Can you tell me which floor he lives（on）？
（2）Please give me a pen to write（with）．
【例3】________the population of Germany？
A. How many are B. much is C. What are D. What is
分析与解答 population表示“人口数目”（the number of people living in a certain area, city, country, etc．），是一个表示抽象概念的名词，总是使用单数形式。虽然population还可以表示“the people living in a certain Place”之意，当作集体名词。但是，它究竟指单数（侧重表示一个整体）还是指复数（侧重表示该整体的许多个体），是要根据具体的语境而定的。而在上例中，population是视作“人口数目”，所以它及其谓语动词都只能用单数形式。由此，选项A与C都是错的。另外，对population这一名词提问时，要用What，所以选项D是正确的。试比较：How many people are there in Germany？
另外，修饰 population的形容词与修饰the number的形容词一样，只能用big（large）与small；用来指代它时，一般用that或it。
例：China’s population is much larger than that of Australia．
下面再举一句例句，句中population侧重的是许多个体，所以其后的动词用复数。
Three quarters of the population of this city are business people．这个城市的四分之三的人是商人。
【例4】What’s the population of China？（使改写后的句子保持原意）
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______in China？
分析与解答 除了用What’s the population of…？来对“人口有多少”提问，还能用people 来问。但是一般来讲，people是可数名词的复数形式。所以，本题的正确答案是：How；many；people；are there.
那么下面各句又应怎样转换成其同义句呢？
（1）What was the population of Japan in 1985？
_______ _______ _______ _______ Japan _______ in 1985?
（2）What’s the number of the students in your school？
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ in your school？
典型例题
【例1 】He asked if I ______the book. He wanted to read it.
A. read B. was reading
C. have read D. had read
本题答案：D
分析与解答：根据题意得知，“他想读这本书，问我是否看完了”。主句动词是一般过去时，从句动作发生在其之前，是“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时态。其主要表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作。它的构成是助动词had+过去分词。
这个时态的时间状语常用by，before，at等构成的介词短语；或者出现在when，before，after等引导的时间状语从句中，通过上下文来表现“过去的过去”的概念。例如：
（1）How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上学期末你们学了多少英文歌曲？
（2）The film had been on for ten minutes when I got to the cinema．我到电影院时电影已经开演十分钟了。
（3）They had left before I arrived．我来之前他们已经离开了。
【例2 】He is so young that he can't go to school．（改为简单句）
本题答案：He is too young to go to school．
分析与解答：so…that…意思是“如此……以致……”，引导结果状语从句。当从句是肯定形式时，可以用…enough to do sth。改写为简单句；当从句是否定形式时，可以用too…to改写为简单句。当主句与从句的主语不一致时，要在不定式前加逻辑主语for sb．例如：
（1）She was so weak that she couldn't take care of the child =She was too weak to take care of the child．她身体太差，照顾不了小孩子。
（2）The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. = The box is too heavy for me to carry．箱子太沉，我搬不动。
（3）The ice here is so thick that you can skate on it. = The ice here is thick enough for you to skate on．这儿的冰很厚，你可以在上面滑冰。
注意：在由so…that…引导的状语从句中，如果so前面是系动词be，become，feel等，那么，后面一般跟形容词。如果so前面是其他行为动词，那么so后面跟副词。例如：
（1）This film is so interesting that I want to see it again．这部电影太有意思，我想再看一遍。
（2）The teacher spoke so loudly that all the students could hear him clearly．老师说话声音很大，所有的学生都能很清楚地听到。
【例3】 编对话的写作训练
请根据下面的提示，完成Tom与售货员之间的对话。（售货员为A, Tom为B）
1. Tom要买一套深兰色的衣服。服装很得体，价格较便宜，只有148美元。
2. 售货员又向他推销一双黑鞋，鞋很合脚。
[提示]
英语会话有许多种形式，其中购物是最常见的一种。它属于口语交际范畴，所以交际环境决定交际的内容和表达方式。
英语购物会话应充分理解对话的上下文语境，在此基础上，根据提示，抓住对话的中心，保持统一话题，使对话内容有序而又连贯、得体。因为是口语，常有省略、插入语、缩略等情况，所以会话的句子短小，语言简练，应依据英语的句型结构要求完成对话。
购物，一般由售货员先向顾客打招呼，可以说Good morning! What can I do for you? 等等。然后，顾客说明要买何物以及式样、尺寸和颜色等。
[范文]
A: Good morning, sir! What can I do for you?
B: I’m looking for a suit.
A: A suit? OK. This way, please. Here are suits for gentlemen. We have almost all sizes and colours. What size do you want?
B: Size 195.
A: What colour?
B: Dark blue.
A: OK. What do you think of this one?
B: It looks nice. May I try it on?
A: Of course. Let me help you. Mmm, it fits you quite well. You look handsome in this suit.
B: How much does it cost?
A: Not dear. Only 148 dollars.
B: It’s just the right size, colour and price I’d like. I’ll take it.
A: Is that all? Would you like to have a look at a pair of shoes. There are many kinds of shoes made all over the world. I think you will like them and there must be one pair that fits you well. It is true that you need one.
B: Have you got any black shoes?
A: Black is the most popular colour, I think. What size do you want?
B: Size 45.
A: Black shoes in size 45? OK. Wait a minute. Look! This one with the brand Crocodile. It is well known around the world. How do you like it?
B: It looks nice. Shall I try them on?
A: Certainly.
B: They are very cool. They fit me very well. What’s the price?
A: They are cheap. 99 dollars.
B: OK. I’ll have it. Here is the money.
A: Thank you, sir. You are welcome here next time.
B: Goodbye!
A: Bye-bye!
此篇短文符合英语会话习惯，意思连贯，用词讲究，特别是购物语言和礼貌用语的使用，准确、得体。我们还能看得出售货员高超的售货技巧和规范的职业道德，充分体现了顾客是上帝的原则，使读者从中得到良好的教益。
习题精选
I. 词汇练习
A）根据释义写出单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
1. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ plan; firm idea
2. s _ _ _ _ _ part of the television or cinema where the pictures appear
3. i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wanting to know or learn about something because it is important to you
4. f _ _ _ _ _ _ always; at all times
B）用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，每个空格只限填一词。
1. My brother is very __________ about going to the Summer Palace for a holiday. (excite)
2. My football shoes are __________ out, so I need a new pair. (wear)
3. This suit is much __________ __________ than that one. (expensive)
4. It’s impossible that one doesn’t make any __________ all his life. (mistake)
5. Congratulations! You have finished this work __________. (success)
参考答案：
A）1. decision 2. screen 3. interest 4. forever
B）1. excited 2. worn 3. more expensive 4. mistakes 5. successfully
II. 用所给动词的正确形式填空，每个空格所填词数不限。
1. How about __________ on Sunday morning? (go, shop)
2. Would you like __________ the green coat on? (try)
3. You’d better __________ too much while do little. (not, talk)
4. I felt comfortable in this shirt, though it __________ me 158 yuan. (cost)
5. My brother told me that he __________ 5,000 English words by the end of last term. (learn)
6. Three men __________ down trees when I passed by. (cut)
7. The film __________ when I got to the cinema. (begin)
8. The camera cost so little that he __________ it. (buy)
9. Jack __________ his name on the paper yet. (not, write)
10. Don’t let us do too much homework, please. We need more time __________ our own things. (do)
参考答案：
1. going shopping 2. to try 3. not talk 4. cost 5. had learnt/learned 6. were cutting 7. had begun 8. bought 9. hasn’t written 10. to do
解答提示：
5/7. 此处均指过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。
9. 此处应用现在完成时，因为后面出现了yet
10. 不定式作后置修饰语
III. 改写句子，使改写后的句意与原句意思相近。
1. What’s the price of this hat?
________ ________ is this hat?
2. What size do you need?
What size _______ you ________?
3. I got up very early yesterday to catch the early train.
I got up very early yesterday ______ ______ I ______ catch the early train.
4. The blouse cost much more than the trousers.
The trousers cost much ________ than the blouse.
The trousers didn’t cost ________ much ________ the blouse.
5. The big house is so expensive that I can’t buy it.
The big house isn’t ________ ________ for us ________ buy.
The big house is ________ expensive for us ________ buy.
6. “I saw him yesterday.” She said to me.
She ________ me that she ________ ________ him the day before.
7. My mother invited some other friends, too.
My mother invited some other friends ________ ________.
8. We borrowed a knife from Uncle Wang.
Uncle Wang ________ a knife ________ ________.
9. Wang Fang hurried to school without having breakfast.
Wang Fang __________ to school _______ _______ _______ without having breakfast.
参考答案：
1. How, much 2. would, like / do, want 3. so that, could 4. less, than; so/as, as 5. cheap enough, to; too, to 6. told, had, seen 7. as, well 8. lent, to, us 9. went, in, a, hurry
IV. 完成对话, 每空一词，缩写算一词。
WINNER: Hello, Hunter, welcome back! __1___was your holiday?
HUNTER: Hi, Winner. The holiday was lovely but I believe how __2___ the time went. I was away for three weeks but it seemed to be three days.
WINNER: __3___did you go?
HUNTER: Well, first, we went to Sydney, then to Perth. We then left Australia and had a __4___ in Singapore for a day before flying back to Hong Kong.
WINNER: Wow. What was your favourite place?
HUNTER: It's hard to say. Each place had something different and exciting to us.
WINNER: Did you meet many Australian people?
HUNTER: Well, we were lucky enough to stay with an Australian family. I now have an __5___ friend about the same age as me. Her name is Kathleen.
参考答案：
1. How 2. quickly 3. Where 4. stop 5. Australian
V. 阅读理解
To Zhang Li
Southern Street No. 4
Shamian Island
Guangzhou
China 510133
Thursday 9 May 1995
Dear Zhang Li,
We have now been in Australia for five days. The plane trip was great. The weather here is lovely! People complain（抱怨）that it is too hot but it is not nearly as hot here as it's been at home lately. We were supposed to stay at a hotel in the city but we moved to Bondi Beach, which is 8 kilometres from the city. It takes half an hour by bus from the centre of Sydney. We’ve been swimming every day — the water here is so refreshing. Yesterday we went to Taronga Park Zoo which is only a short ferry ride across Syrney Harbour. We saw koalas (树袋熊) and kangaroos (袋鼠) and many other Australian animals. You wouldn't believe it, but while I was eating a sandwich for lunch a kookaburra (笑翠鸟) swooped down and stole my sandwich from the table right in front of me. We all laughed although it left me feeling a little bit hungry all afternoon. From the chair lift we had a close up view of the magnificent giraffes (长颈鹿). The animals in that zoo certainly have a great view of Sydney. From the elephant enclosure you can see the Harbour Bridge, the beautiful Opera House and the city of Sydney gleaming (若隐若现地) across the harbour. Tomorrow we are travelling to Greenville to stay with my host family. I miss you and will write again soon.
With love from your friend,
Liu Mei
( )1. On what day did Liu Mei arrive in Australia?
A. Sunday. B. Tuesday.
C. Friday. D. Saturday.
( )2. While Liu Mei is in Sydney she is staying _____
A. in a hotel in the city. B. at Bondi Beach.
C. in Melbourne. D. with her host family.
( )3. On what day did Liu Mei visit the zoo?
A. Monday. B. Tuesday.
C. Wednesday. D. Thursday.
( )4. What type of transport did Liu Mei use to travel to the zoo?
A. Plane. B. Train.
C. Ferry. D Chairlift.
( )5. A "kookaburra" is most probably a type of _____
A. Bird. B. Kangaroo.
C. Dog. D. Giraffe.
( )6. Which of the following is the best word to describe how the kookaburra made Liu Mei feel?
A. Amused. B. Terrified.
C. Shocked. D. Angry.
( )7. Which of the following animals could Liu Mei see from the chairlift?
A. Koalas. B. Giraffes.
C. Elephants. D. Kangaroos.
参考答案：
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
习题精选
I. 词汇练习
A） 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空，每个空格所填词数不限。
1. Good books can make you __________ and even can make you __________. (cry, laugh)
2. He became a vet after he __________ up. (grow)
3. It’s necessary for us __________ hard now. (study)
4. Mrs Smith wanted to move, but she failed. She __________ her leg. (break)
5. I’m very pleased __________ that you have passed the hard examination. (hear)
6. I can’t decide which sweater __________. (choose)
7. How many times __________ you __________ to the Great Wall? (be)
8. Where __________ Alice __________ last month? (go)
9. The little boy who just had an accident __________ to hospital soon. (take)
10. What are you doing while your brother __________ TV? (watch)
参考答案：
1. cry, laugh 2. grew 3. to study 4. had broken 5. to hear 6. to choose 7. have, been 8. did, go 9. was taken 10. is watching
B） 根据句意，在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1. The old woman regarded the little girl she kept __________ her own daughter.
2. It’s time for us __________ have breakfast now.
3. __________ can give us pork.
4. To __________ a mistake is human.
5. I like cats best. What’s your __________ animal?
6. The earthquake __________ the whole city that night.
7. Helen’s father is a doctor for __________. He has healed many animals.
8. __________ the medicine three times a day and you’ll soon feel much better.
9. I’ve __________ a headache and a cough.
10. To work hard is the key ___________ success.
参考答案：
1. as 2. to 3. Pigs 4. make 5. favourite 6. rocked 7. animals 8. Take/Have 9. got 10. to
II．选择填空
( ) 1. May I borrow _____ money from you?
A. a few B. many C. any D. some
( )2. It’s _____ that she has made great progress（进步）.
A. real B. really C. true D. truly
( ) 3. The old man lives _____ all his life, but he never feels _____.
A. alone, alone B. lonely, lonely
C. alone, lonely D. lonely, alone
( ) 4. What made the baby _____?
A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry
( ) 5. _____ is a lot of fun, isn’t it?
A. To playing with a dog B. To play with a dog
C. Played D. Play
( ) 6. They _____ quite a few sheep on the farm.
A. plant B. keep C. grow D. make
( ) 7. After I graduated from college, I made up my mind _____ a teacher.
A. be B. to be C. being D. was
( ) 8. To give the baby an injection is really _____.
A. hard work B. a hard work
C. work hard D. hard-working
( ) 9. All the students are busy _____ ready for the final exams.
A. with getting B. for getting
C. getting D. to get
( ) 10. It’s better to give than _____.
A. receive B. to receive C. received D. receiving
( ) 11. I felt _____ I was flying high in the sky.
A. seem B. if C. look like D. as if
参考答案：
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
III． 改写句子
1. I like swimming best of all.
Swimming is __________ __________ __________.
2. To take more exercise is good for our health.
__________ good for our health __________ __________ more exercise.
3. My brother decided to go to Shanghai.
My brother __________ __________ his __________ to go to Shanghai.
4. Jim’s father is an animal doctor.
Jim’s father is a __________ __________ animals.
5. Mrs Read is busy doing the housework.
Mrs Read __________ __________ __________ the housework.
6. She has a big house with three stories.
She __________ in a __________ house.
7. All are now doing well.
___________ goes well.
8. The policeman may know the way to the station.
___________ the policeman knows __________ __________ get to the station.
参考答案：
1. my favourite sport 2. It’s, to take 3. made up, mind 4. doctor for 5. is busy with 6. lives, three-story 7. Everything 8. Maybe, how to
IV. 补全对话
根据所给情景填入所缺的单词，使对话完整与通顺。
A: What’s the ___1___ with you, madam?
B: I feel very ____2___. I can’t do any work, doctor.
A: How long have you been ___3___ this?
B: Ever ____4__ last Sunday.
A: Have you ___5__ a headache?
B: No, I haven’t.
A: Do you sleep well ___6___ night?
B: Yes, I sleep very well.
A: Do you often eat too ___7____?
B: No, I don’t. And I have a little food for three ___8___. I want to keep thin.
A: Oh, I see. There’s nothing serious. But I’m afraid you have a ___9___. You are eating too little. You need to take more food and more exercise. And you will get __10____ soon.
B）从七个句子中，选择五个句子完成对话，每个句子只能使用一次。
A. Good afternoon.
B. Did you go to a party yesterday?
C. How many plates of ice cream did you eat, young man?
D. What would you like?
E. What's the matter with you?
F. Did you eat any ice cream?
G. What did you eat yesterday?
Peter: 11 Dr. Dawes.
Doctor: Good afternoon.
Peter: I’m not feeling well today.
Doctor: Well, 12 .
Peter: I don't know, Doctor. I have a headache and a stomachache.
Doctor: 13 .
Peter: I ate some cakes.
Doctor: 14 .
Peter: Well, yes. I did eat some ice cream. I went to a birthday party yesterday.
Doctor: I see. 15 .
Peter: Not many. Only four.
参考答案：
1. matter 2. tired / bad / terrible 3. like 4. since 5. got (had) 6. at 7. much 8. meals 9. problem 10. better 11-15 A E G F C
V．完形填空
Mr Johnson worked in a restaurant (饭馆). He worked there for ten years, but he wasn't a good __1___ and at last he was sent away. He __2___ all hard work and stayed in the city.
Once something was wrong with his ear. He had to go to __3___ a doctor. The man looked him over and gave him some __4___. And five minutes later he had to __5___ him twenty dollars. He came to the small town and __6___ a hospital. At first the people there knew __7___ about him and they came to see him. But soon they found he couldn't treat (治疗) them at all and his medicine wasn't __8___. People hardly came and he had nothing to do.
One evening he __9___ the door was being knocked at. He got up quickly and saw a traveller __10___ in front of his hospital. He thought he had a bad cold and he __11___ him to take some medicine. After that the man left. The following morning he __12___ the traveller died in a hotel (旅馆).
On the __13___ day a young man came in and said, "Thank you very much, doctor !"
Mr Johnson was very __14___ when he heard this.
"My uncle died from your wrong treatment (诊断) the day before yesterday and he left much __15___ to me! Thank you again!"
( )1.A.farmer B. cook C. teacher D. shopkeeper
( )2.A.liked B. waited for C. hated D. looked for
( )3.A.see B. visit C. help D. teach
( )4.A.food B. fruit C. sugar D. medicine
( )5.A.pay B. lend C. show D. return
( )6.A.closed B. found C. opened D. broke
( )7.A.everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
( )8.A.friendly B. kind C. polite D. useful
( )9.A.listened B. looked C. heard D. saw
( )10.A.playing B. sleeping C. dancing D. lying
( )11.A.asked B. wanted C. wished D. made
( )12.A.told B. was told C. said D. was said
( )13.A.first B. second C. third D. fourth
( )14.A.troubled B. worried C. interested D. surprised
( )15.A.sand B. money C. earth D. air
1. B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B
提示说明：
1. cook 的含义为“厨师”，而cooker的含义为“炊具”，故此题选B。
2．根据句意可知，他不喜欢干累活，故此题选C。
3．see a doctor 是固定短语，意思是“看病”。
4．医生给他看完病之后，给他开了一些药，故此题选D。
5．当以人做主语时，“给……付钱”用英语说，可以是“pay, spend ”, 故此题选A。
6．根据句意可知，他开了一家医院，故此题选C。
7．know nothing about 是固定短语，意思是“对……一无所知”， 故此题选B。
8. 根据句意可知，他的药对病人无效，故此题选D。
9．这里他先听见有人敲门，之后看见一个人进来，故此题选C。
10．“看见某人正在做……”的句式是see sb. doing, 从文中可知，当时是一个人躺在院门口。 故此题选D。
11．动词ask 的意思是“让；要求”，它后面接另外一个动词时，要用动词不定式，故此题选A。
12．他得知了这个消息，是通过别人告诉的，所以此处要用被动语态。
13．从文中可知，这是所讲述的事情的第三天。
14．be surprised 是固定形式，意思是“吃惊；惊奇”
15．通过句意可知，死去的这个人的侄儿得到了许多钱，故此题选B。
VI．阅读理解
A
Things always know when a person isn’t well. They know, but they do not care.
Sometimes, things make life hard for people. They have special（特别的）ways of doing this.
When I’m not well, I can never find the things I need. The things I need have gone away from the entire (整个的) place where I hope to find them. If I need something, I can never find it quickly.
When we aren’t well, boxes become heavy. Doors don’t want to open. The wind becomes colder. The sun becomes too hot. The car doesn’t run well. Distances (距离)are longer than they were when we felt fine.
The things around us usually do what they should as long as we’re well and strong. But when we aren’t, things often tell us they are not really our friend, but our enemies（敌人）.
1. When people are ill, the things around them _______.
A. go wrong B. get better C. get worse D. go on
2. The things people need seem to be ______ when they are not well.
A. important to them B. difficult to find
C. carefully done D. impossible to see
3. _____ can make everything around people look bad.
A. Weather B. Traffic C. Illness D. Temperature
4. It seems that distance become longer________.
A. when people feel a little better
B. when people feel fine
C. when people are good to each other.
D. when people are ill.
5. The writer wants to tell us that _______ .
A. bad health often makes bad feelings（感觉）
B. bad health often makes bad weather
C. things around people are very important
D. people are interested in things around them
B
Do you always understand the instruction（说明）on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as instructed”? Read the following instructions and see if you understand them.
“To reduce(减少) pain, take two pills with water, followed by one pill every eight hours. Don’t take more than six pills in twenty-four hours.
For children, 6 to 12 years old, give half the amount (量).
Reduce the amount is you can hardly rest and sleep well after you take the medicine. ”
6. How many pills at most (最多) can a person over 12 take in 24 hours? ________.
A. Three B. Four C. Six D. Eight
7. How many pills should a nine-year-old child usually take in 24 hours? ______.
A. Half a pill B. One pill
C. Two pills and a half D. Four pills
8. What will one do if one cannot sleep well after taking the medicine?
A. Stop taking the pill.
B. don’t stop taking the usual amount.
C. Take more than the usual amount.
D. Take less than the usual amount.
9. According to the instructions we know that the medicine _______.
A. helps you to fall asleep quickly
B. may be dangerous to small children
C. cannot be taken if one cannot fall asleep
D. should not be taken by children under six
10. Maybe the passage is taken from a ______.
A. textbook B. newspaper C. bottle of medicine D. doctor’s workbook
C
A man walked into a doctor's examining(检查) room.
“Put out your tongue（舌头）” the doctor said.
The man put out his tongue and the doctor looked at it quickly.
“OK. You can put your tongue back now,” the doctor said. “It's clear what's wrong with you. You need more exercise.”
“But, doctor,” the man said. “I don't think. . .”
“Don't tell me what you think,” the doctor said. “I'm the doctor, not you. I know what you need. I see hundreds of people like you. None of them get any exercise. They sit in offices all day and in front of the television in the evening. What you need is to walk quickly for at least 20 minutes a day.”
“Doctor, you don't understand,” the patient said, “I. . .”
“I don't want to hear any excuses,” the doctor said. “You must find time for exercise. If you don't, you will get fat and have health problems when you are older.”
“But I walk every day,” the patient said.
“Oh, yes, and I know what kind of walking that is. You walk a few feet(尺) to the train station from your house, a few more feet from your office to a restaurant for lunch and back. That's not real walking. I'm talking about a walk in the park for twenty minutes every day.
“Will you listen to me, doctor!” the patient shouted, getting angry with the doctor who thought he knew everything.
“I'm a mailman,” the patient went on, “and I walk for seven hours every day!”
For a moment the doctor was silent (沉默), then he said quietly, “Put your tongue out again, will you?”
11. The first thing the doctor asked the man to do was to ________.
A. walk to work B. exercise
C. show him his tongue D. drink tea
12. The doctor would not ________.
A. tell the man what was wrong with him B. let the man speak
C. look at the man's tongue D. let the man watch TV
13. The doctor told the man that he ________.
A. should get more exercise B. should stop making excuses
C. should watch more TV D. was already to fat
14. The doctor ________.
A. gave the man good advice B. walked seven hours a day
C. was really a mailman D. didn't know the ABC of the check up
15. The doctor asked the man to put out his tongue again because he ________.
A. would give him more advice on health care
B. was going to make up another story to fool the man
C. was afraid of the patient
D. was an honest person
参考答案：
1-5 A B C D A 6-10 C C D B C 11-15 C B A D B
VII．书面表达
根据图示，在下面短文的横线上填入适当的单词，使图文相符。首字母已给出。
It was e___1___ o’clock in the morning, but Jim was still s ___2___. His mother came in and w___3____ him up.
It s___4___ that there was s___5___ wrong with him. Jim told his mother he had a h___6___.
At the d____7___, the doctor looked him over very carefully. He had a cold, but it’s nothing s___8___. He gave Jim some pills and told him to have a good r____9____.
At home after he t_____10___ some medicine, Jim went to bed.
参考答案：
1. eight 2. sleeping 3. woke 4. seemed 5. something 6. headache 7. doctor’s 8. serious 9. rest 10. took
典型例题
【例1】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I don't know when ______(have) a picnic.
2. She is very busy today. She has a lot of work______(do)。
3. It's impossible for us ______(finish) the work in such a short time.
4. teacher asked us ______(be) careful when we crossed the road.
5. Last week they went to the farm ______(help) the farmers with their work.
6. She wants ______(be) a doctor when she grows up.
7. How long does it take you ______(get) to the factory by bus?
8. My mother never lets me ______(play) football after lunch.
答案 1．to have（这是带有疑问词的动词不定式，在句中做宾语。）2．to do（不定式做定语，修饰work。）3．to finish（动词不定式做主语。） 4．to be（不定式做宾语补足语。） 5．to help（不定式做状语。） 6．to be（不定式做宾语。） 7．to get（不定式做主语。） 8．play（不定式做宾语补足语。有些动词如：let，make，feel，have，hear，see，watch等后面的动词不定式做宾语补足语时，动词不定式省掉to。）
单项选择填空
（ ）l. —________?
—I’ve got a terrible cough.
A. What’s the matter B. What do you do
C. What have you bought D. How do you do
（ ）2. —Doctor ,1 have a serious headache.
—________.
A. That’s ail right B. Sorry to hear that
C. Take it easy D. Not at all
（ ）3. —Our football team has ____ the match.
—Congratulations!
A. watched B. joined C. won D. lost
（ ）4. Li Ming didn’t know anything about it ____ I told him.
A. after B. until C. if D. because
（ ）5. We won’t visit the Great Wall until the rain ____ .
A. will stop B. stops
C. stopped D. has stopped
解析1．A．B项表示“你做什么？”C项表示“你买了什么？”D项表示问好，A项表示“怎么啦？”“哪里不舒服”？
2．C．A项和D项意为“没关系，不用谢”，用以对别人的感谢表示客气的应答，B项表示听到问话后很难过，显然不是医生所说，C项意为“别着急”，是医生在安慰患者。
3．C认识货可来看，可见我方球队赢了这场比赛。won是win的过去分词，表示“赢得”。
4．B．该句是由连词until引导的状语从句，“not…until…”是常见句型，表示“直到……才……”，其主句的谓语动词必须是非持续性动词，而且主句用否定式，从句用肯定式。
5．B．由as soon as; when; if; not…until引导的状语从句，主句的谓语动词用将来时时，从句的谓语动词用现在时。
【例2】阅读理解
Thomas Edison was a famous American scientist. He was born in 1874. When he was a child, he liked to find out how things worked. He was in school for only three months. He asked his teacher a lot of strange questions. Most of them had nothing to do with his lessons. The teacher thought the boy was not bright and was not worth (值) teaching. When he told this to Edison's mother, she took her son out of school. As she had been a teacher, she taught him herself. The boy read a lot. Soon he became very interested in science. At the age of ten, Edison had already built a chemistry lab for himself. Ever since then, he never stopped searching for new and better ways to do things.
( ) 1 . Edison was born in the ____ century (世纪).
A. eighteenth B. nineteenth C. nineteen D. eighteen
( )2. While he was in school, Edison ____ .
A. studied his lessons very hard
B. was often late for school
C. liked to ask questions
D. was not bright enough to study
( ) 3. Edison learned more from ____ .
A. his mother B. his teacher
C. other boys D. his father
( ) 4. Young Edison was interested in ____ .
A. sports B. playing games
C. making trouble D. science
( )5. He was always searching for new and better ways to do things after he____
A. read books B. finished school
C. built a lab D. was taken out of school
解析 本篇是关于著名科学家、发明家爱迪生的生平的记叙性短文。
1．此题“Edison was born in the _______ century”虽排在首位，但难度可以说是最大的。因为考生通过原文中“He was born in 1847”，便很容易误选A，殊不知正确答案要根据历史纪年常识来判断1847年应为“19世纪40年代”，故答案应为B。
2．此问属于文章表层理解，根据he liked to find out how things worked及He asked his teacher a lot of strange questions可知，答案为C。
3．此问属于表层理解，根据She taught him herself可知答案为A.
4．此问应属表层理解，答案为D。
5．此题考查的是事件发生顺序，由短文后两句可知，爱迪生10岁建立了自己的实验室，从未停止探索解决、处理问题的新的更好方法，所以选C.
习题精选
I. 词汇练习
A) 句意填空，首字母已给出。
1. The doctor told my father not to smoke any more, but he k ______ on smoking.
2. How many p ______ are there on your team?
3. The little girl is a______ of that big dog.
4. The boy is often b______ at home by his father.
5. Our teacher enjoys n______ dancing nor singing.
B) 找出与划线部分意思相同或相近的词语。
6. The old woman can neither see nor hear.
A. not, and B. not, or C. either, or D. both, and
7. I'm sure we can beat them.
A. hit them B. win the game C. lose the game D. push them away
8. Li Tong is on the team.
A. becomes a member of the team B. is going to join the team
C. is watching the match D. will be one of the players of the team
9. They kept passing the ball to each other.
A. handed B. carried C. kicked D. didn’t slop giving
10. Li Ping is the top student in our class.
A. first B. best C. biggest D. tallest
参考答案：
1.kept 2.players 3.afraid 4.beat 5.neither 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B
II. 选择填空
1. That’ll be ______ important meeting, you mustn’t miss it.
A. a such B. such a C. such an D. so a
2. You must do _________ your teacher told you.
A. after B. follow C. as D. so
3. Neither you nor he ______ it.
A. knows B. doesn't know C. don't know D. were left
4. Don’t worry. Play _______you can, and we're sure to beat them.
A. as good as B. as well as C. so good as D. as better as
5. The film had already begun when I ______ to the cinema.
A. get B. had got C. got D. have got
6. He asked which team Mike was _________.
A. at B. for C. on D. with
7. —Which do you like, the blue one or the red one?
—Either colour _________ all right.
A. are B. was C. were D. is
8. We all felt _______ not easy to learn English well.
A. that B. it C. this D. ourselves
9. The train ________ when I ________ to the station.
A. left, got B. had left, got
C. left, had got D. was left, was getting
10.We just arrived ________ the film yesterday.
A. in time with B. in time for C. on time with D. on time for
11. —Hi, Lucy. We won the match yesterday.
—_____.
A. Congratulations B. Excuse me C. Never mind D. Good idea
12. Li Ping is ready ______ dinner because it's time for supper.
A. having B. to have C. has D. has had
13. The last match ______ in the league last month.
A. held B. was held C. be held D. is held
14. I’m sure that their team will _________ours.
A. beat B. take C. win D. fail
15. He can't do anything _________his glasses.
A. with B. on C. over D. without
参考答案：
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.D
III. 同义句转换
1. We haven't met for a long time.
______ ______ ______ ______ since we met last.
2. If we beat them in the match, we will be the best.
If we ______ ______ ______, We will be ______.
3. He is so kind that everyone likes him.
He is _______ a kind person _______ everyone likes him.
4. Our PE teacher wants us to run fast.
Our PE teacher says, Run as _______ _______ possible.
5. You may take the pears, or you may take the bananas.
You may take ________ the pears ________ the bananas.
6. Before the match nearly ended, we had kicked four goals.
______ ______ ______ ______ the match, we had kicked four goals.
7. They may be members of the team.
They may be ______ ______ ______.
8. To make a big noise in the library is not polite.
It's polite to ______ ______ in the library.
9. School was over a little earlier.
School ______ a little earlier.
10. My father doesn't know English, and my mother doesn't, either.
_____ my father _____ my mother _____ English.
参考答案：
1.It’s a long time 2.win the match, top 3.such, that 4.fast, as 5.either, or 6.By the end of 7.on the team 8.be/keep, quiet 9.ended 10.Neither, nor, knows
IV. 完成句子
1．他们到家时，正好赶上吃晚饭。
They were just ______ ______ ______ supper when they got home.
2．路两边建有许多高楼。
A lot of high _______ have been built on ________sides of the road.
3．没有什么好害怕的。
There’s _____ to be ________of.
4．独木不成林。
A tree does not ______ a _____.
5．这场比赛如此重要，我们不能不看。
It is ______ ______ ______ ______ that we can't ______ it.
参考答案：
1.in time for 2. buildings, both 3. nothing, afraid 4. make, forest 5.such an important match, miss
V. 完形填空
We were going to play a team from a country school. They didn't come until the game time arrived. They look 1 than we had thought. They were wearing dirty blue jeans (牛仔裤) and looked like farm boys. We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before.
We all sat down. We felt we didn't 2 any practice(训练) against a team like that.
It was already so late that no 3 could be given to them for a warm-up(热身，准备活动). The game began.
One of our boys 4 the ball and he shot a long pass to our forward(前锋). From out of nowhere a boy in a dirty T-shirt 5 the pass and with a beautiful form(姿势) he shot and got two points.
They 6 us. Then they got another 7 of points in a minute.
Soon it was all over. The country team 8 us. We certainly learned that even though a team is good, there is usually another 9 a little better. But the important lesson learned was: One can't tell a man, or a team, by the 10 .
1. A. stronger B. younger C. worse D. less
2. A. get B. try C. use D. need
3. A. basket B. space C. ball D. time
4. A. got B. played C. missed D. carried
5. A. caught B. changed C. started D. stopped
6. A. surprised B. kept C. broke D. hit
7. A. half B. pair C. group D. double
8. A. won B. saved C. beat D. joined
9. A. just B. already C. about D. almost
10. A. T-shirts B. clothes C. places D. points
参考答案：
1-5 C D D A D 6-10 ABC A B
VI. 阅读理解
Basketball is one sport —perhaps the only sport—whose exact origin（确切的起源）can safely be told. During the winter of 1891 —1892, Dr James Naismith, a college instructor（大学讲师）in Springfield, Massachusetts, invented the game of basketball in order to provide（提供）exercise for the students between the closing of the football season and the opening of the baseball season. He attached（系）fruit baskets overhead on the walls at opposite ends of the gymnasium（体育馆）, and, using a soccer ball, organized（组织）nine—man teams to play his new game. In this new game the purpose（目的）was to toss (投)the ball into one basket and try to keep the opposting team from tossing the ball into the other basket. Although there have been many changes in the rules(such as the reduction of the number of players on a team from nine to five), the game is basically（基本地）the same today. The United States soldiers took it to the Philippines in 1900 and to Europe during World War I, and, being adopted（被采用）by foreign countries it soon became a world—wide sport. It is interesting that although basketball was made as an indoor game, in other countries it is now played almost entirely（完全地）outdoors.
1. Basketball was started _________.
A. in Europe B. in the United States
C. in the Philippines D. in a place not mentioned（被提到）
2. Original(起初的) basketball was played by ________.
A. five people B. six people C. eight people D. nine people
3. Basketball is mainly played indoors _______ according to（按照）the passage.
A. in the United States B. in Europe
C. in the Philippines D. in most countries
4. What does writer say is particularly unusual（尤其不平常）about basketball as compared with（与……比较）other sports?
A. It was invented for college students but became popular only after it was adopted by soldiers.
B. It began as an indoor game but later became equally（平等地）common as on outdoor game.
C. We know exactly when, where, and by whom it was invented.
D. We know exactly when it was first played outside of the country of its origin.
5. What connection（联系）does the writer mention between the game of basketball and the game of soccer?
A. Basketball was made to provide exercise for students before the beginning of the soccer season.
B. Basketball was invented by a well-known soccer player.
C. Basketball has replaced (代替)soccer as the most popular sport in some countries.
D. Basketball was first played with a soccer.
参考答案：
1-5 B D A B D
典型例题
【例1】单项选择填空
( )l. It's______ important match that we can't miss it.
A. such a B. such an C. so a D. so an
( ) 2. The two friends were ______ pleased to see each other that they talked on and on happily in the park.
A. too B. quite C. so D. such
( )3. Work harder, ___ you'll make greater progress.
A. but B. or C. so D. and
( )4. — Who are you going to play ____?
—Grade Two.
A. about B. up C. against D. by
( ) 5. They never agreed with each other ____ they did when they were young.
A. as B. if C. or D. like
解析
1．B。so／such…that引导的结果状语从句中，so和such都有“如此；这样”之意，但so是副词，后跟形容词或副词；such是形容词，后跟名词，如果名词前的形容词是many，much，for，little时，则用so，不用such。如：They made so much noise that the teacher got angry．
2．C．本句是so…that引导的状语从句。
3．D．“祈使句+陈述句”相当于“if引导的条件状语从句的肯定式+主句”构成的复合句，该句可表达为：If you work harder，you’ll make greater progress.
4．C．against意为“以……为竞争对手；对着”。
5．A．as在此意为“依照；正如；像”，引导方式状语从句。再如：When at Rome do as the Romans do．（入乡随俗）。
【例2】完形填空
Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful. Fire can keep your house ① , give light and cook food. But fire can burn things, ②__.Big fire can burn trees, houses, animals or people.
Nobody knows how people began to use fire. but there are ③ interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire. One is ④ a man. The man ⑤ a very long time ago. He went up to the sun and ⑥ fire down.
Today people know how to make a fire with matches (火柴 ). Children sometimes ⑦ to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and ⑧ it could burn a house. A small fire can burn a big fire very quickly. So you ⑨ be careful with matches.
Be careful with fire, and it will ⑩ you. But if you aren't careful with fire, and it may hurt you.
( )①A. warm B. warmer C. cool D. cooler
( )②A .also B. too C. either D. neither
( )③A. many B. much C. a little D. no
( )④A. over B. about C. of D. on
( )⑤A. worked B. studied C. learn D. lived
( )⑥A. bring B. take C. brought D .took
( )⑦A. enjoy B. like C. don't like D. become
( )⑧A. after B. late C. yet D. then
( )⑨A. can B. may C. will D. must
( )⑩A. help B. do C. tell D. hope
解析：通读全文，知道这是关于火的一段介绍。
①A 这是没有比较的意思，所以不用比较级，火能加温而不是冷却，所以不用cool．
②B 表示肯定不用either，neither，在句末不用also。
③A stories是复数，不可能用no，a little，much作定语修饰不可数名词，这里中心词stories可数。
④B 表示内容“关于”一般用about。
⑤D 此处仅仅是说生活，而不强调学习和工作。
⑥C “拿来”用bring不用take．这是并列句，动作与前一个动作went相承，所以也用过去式brought．
⑦B 显然强调喜欢，后边接动词不定式用enjoy不合适。
⑧D 表示动作上紧相连，前边又有连词and，所以只能用副词then，而不用连词after和形容词late，yet意思与句子不吻合。
⑨D 这里强调必要性，所以情态动词用must。
⑩A 虽然都是及物动词，但意义上只有help可以与you搭配。
【例3】
（1） 1) Our team _____ all the other teams and ____ the match last week.
2) Who do you think will ____ the game in the end?
3) We ____ them in the last match.
答案：1) beat ,won; 2) win; 3) beat.
解析：win和beat均有“赢”之意，但win指经过一番努力获得胜利，其宾语常为比赛、战争、奖品、奖牌等名词；beat指打败对手，其宾语常是人或团队等名词或代词。.
（2）I saw Lin Tao yesterday. We____ each other since he moved here.
A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C. didn’t see D. had seen
答案是B。
解析：过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态；往往和由for 或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
（3）He kept on in the classroom.
A. sitting B. standing C. reading D. lying
答案是C。
解析：keep on doing不表示静止状态，只有reading是在不断地做某事。
本单元所出现的词组与交际用语
1. 本单元词组
by the time 到…的时候
never mind 没有关系
spill over 溢出
from now on 从现在起；今后
deserve to 应受；值得
carry on 经营；继续（工作）
be pleased with 对于……感到满意
be angry with 对于……感到生气
Number 52 Middle school 第52中学
a big score 一个大比分
such an exciting match 一场如此激动心的比赛
in the last fifteen minutes 在最后十五分钟内
think of… 想起，考虑……
leave…at home 把……忘在家里
make a good football player 成为一名出色的足球队员
used to do 过去常做
lose to somebody 输给某人
beat them 4~3 ４比３战胜他们
a team of girls 一支女队
the most embarrassing day of my life 我生活中最困惑的一天
deserve to win 赢在情理之中
deserve to lose 理应输球
their best striker 他们的最佳前锋
the mid- field player 中场球员
feel a bit nervous 感觉有点儿紧张
make the score 2－1 2比１改写比分
in the second half 在下半场
go over 踢过
after that 从那以后
carry on working hard 继续努力工作
as a result 因为这个原因
keep passing the ball 坚持传球
expect to do 期望做某事
take part 参加
be busy with 忙于……
get hurt 受伤
receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信
2. 交际用语和句型
交际用语
表示感情 Expressing certain emotions
a. 喜悦 Pleasure, joy
It was great. 棒极了。
That’s a big score. 大比分。
b. 惊奇 Surprise
Wow! 哇！
Yeah! 是！
Oh dear! 天哪！
c. 感谢 Thanks
Thanks for your last letter. 感谢你的上次来信。
d. 日期 The time
Sunday, May 10. 五月十日，星期天。
主要句型
Statement 陈述句
He said he had never seen such an exciting match before. 他说他以前从来没看过这样精彩的比赛。
When I got to the check-out, I realized I had left my purse at home. 当我到达收银台的时候我意识到我的钱包忘在家里。
By the time I got there, the bus had already gone. 当我到达那儿的时候，公共汽车已经开了。
本单元词汇、短语及习惯用语
一、本单元所出现的词组和短语
make up one’s mind 下决心
regard…as … 把……当作……；当作
as if 好像
at sea 在大海上
just as… 正象；恰与……相同
mobile phone 可移动电话
half an hour 半小时
at all 根本；全然
at least 至少；起码
a doctor for animals 兽医
wag its tail, or put its ears straight up 摇尾巴或把耳朵竖起来
To help animals is helping people. 帮助动物就是帮助人类。
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
find something about him on the internet 在网上找到有关他的资料
a pet dog named Don 一条被叫做Don的爱犬
no matter 不管
before long 不久
work on 从事于……工作
be on the safe side 万无一失
to speak well of everyone 说别人好话
to complain too often 报怨太多
二、交际用语和句型
交际用语
表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty
We can find ….我们能找到……。
喜好和厌恶 Like and dislikes
I like …. 我喜欢……。
I really love …. 我真的喜欢……。
I like to work with …. 我喜欢和……工作。
Do you like being …? 你愿意成为……吗？
请求允许和应答 Asking for permission and responses
— Can I ask you some questions? 我能问您一些问题吗？
— Sure. 当然可以。
主要句型
a. 陈述句
It is interesting to play with pets. 和宠物玩是有趣的。
To do the job well is not easy. 做好这项工作是不容易的。
It’s better to give than to receive. 奉献总比索取好。
To make a mistake is human. 犯错误是人之常情。
b. 疑问句
Is it easy to heal children? 给孩子治病容易吗？
But isn’t it more important to help people than animals? 但是难到帮助人类不比帮助动物更重要吗？
c. 否定句
It is not easy to learn maths well. 学好数学是不容易的。
本单元词组、句型及交际用语
（一）本单元词组及短语
be excited about 关于……而兴奋
a place of interest 名胜
go over 过一遍；仔细检查
make a mistake 犯错误
drop off 放下（某物）；下车
Beijing Opera 京剧
the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂
the Palace Museum 故宫
the Great Wall 长城
a pair of leather tennis shoes 一双皮面的网球鞋
even though 纵使；即使……也
have a 38 in this color 有38号这种颜色的鞋
shopping on-line 在线或网上购物
take pictures of this trip 在旅游中照相
click on the screen 点击屏幕
close to 靠近
hear sb. doing sth.. 听见某人在做某事
on Kunming Lake 在昆明湖
the Summer Palace 颐和园
Beihai Park 北海公园
the day after tomorrow 后天
again and again 一遍又一遍地
cost so much 如此昂贵
cost so little 如此便宜
so that 以便
drop off our things 放下我们的物品
be in a hurry 匆忙
（二）句型
The camera cost so much that …. 这架照相机如此贵，以至于……。
She decided to buy a camera online so that …. 她决定在网上买一架照相机，以便……。
The computer cost so little that …. 这台计算机如此便宜，以至于……。
Even though …(be) a little expensine, … will take …. 虽然……有点儿贵，……将买……。
（三）交际用语
1．购物 shopping
What size …? 多大号码？
Have you got any other colour / size / kind? 你们这还有其它别的颜色/尺码/款式吗？
Have you got anything cheaper? 你们这有更便宜的吗？
How much are they? 它们多少钱？
How much does it cost? 它多少钱？
How much is it? 它多少钱？
That’s a bit expensive. 那个有点儿昂贵。
Even though they’re a little expensive, I’ll take them. 即使它们有点儿贵，我也将买它们。
I’ll think about …. 我将考虑考虑……。
I don’t think I’ll take …. 我想我不买……。
2．喜好和厌恶
I like …. 我喜欢……。
I don’t really like …. 我真的不喜欢……。
3．提供（帮助等）和应答Offers and Responses
Can I help you, girl? 我能帮助您吗？
Would you like me to look in the back? 您能让我看一下反面吗？
Yes, do please. 是的，请吧！
本单元词组与日常交际用语
（一）本单元短语及词组
slow down 下降；放慢
hour after hour 一小时又一小时，连续
multiply…by… ……乘以……
at the beginning of… 起；开始
more and more 越来越…
prefer to…rather than… 宁愿……而不愿
rather than 宁可；是……而不……
bag one's pardon 请原谅；对不起
be busy doing 忙着做……
for the size of the country 相对这个国家的容量
the developed countries 发达国家
the more developed countries 比较发达国家
the developing countries 发展中国家
the less developed countries 不太发达国家
slow down the population increase？ 下降人口增长
standing room only 只有立足之地
produce …for… 为……生产
grow faster and faster 增长的越来越快
one square metres of space 一平方米的地方
at the beginning of the 21st century 在21世纪初
be worth …… 值 ……
the Rolls Royce 劳斯莱斯牌轿车
（二）日常交际英语
购物shopping
How much does… cost …?
It can cost as little as … yuan and as much as …
yuan.
It can cost ….
It costs ….
It's worth ….
You can buy ….
表示同意和不同意Expressing agreement
and disagreement
I don't agree with ….
请求Requests
I wasn't sure whether….
I wonder if ….
其他
What's the population of …?
本单元词组和日常交际用语
(一) 本单元词组和短语
send sb an email 给……发电子邮件
different parts of the computer 电脑的不同部件
put … together 把……连在一起；组装……指向……
put information into the computer 把信息输入电脑
provide information on a screen 在屏幕上提供信息
point at… 指向……
talk about… 谈论……
travel around… 围绕……运行
send up … into… 往……发射…..
spaceships without people 无人的宇宙飞船
use … to do … 用……做……
send and receive messages 发射和接受信息
with the help (of) 在（……的）帮助下
all the time 始终
thanks to… 归功于；幸亏……
people from different countries 来自不同国家的人们
no smoking 禁止吸烟
computer room 微机室；电脑房
spend time alone 独自打发时间
（二）日常交际用语和句型
It is about … kilometres
from … to…. 从…… 到…… 大约…… 公里。
How many kilometers by train / plane / boat / car …is it from … to…? 从……到……坐火车/坐飞机/坐船/坐轿车大约……公里。
I want to let you choose what to do. 我想让你选择该干什么。
本单元词组及日常交际用语
（一）本单元词组与短语
1．Tree Planting Day 植树节
2．neither…nor… 既不……也不……
3．It’s best to do sth. 最好做……
4．knock…in to… 把……插进……里
5．make sure 确保，查明
6．so that 以便，以致
7．several times 多次
8．tie …to… 把……系到……
9．keep…straight 使……直立
10．the Great Green Wall 绿色长城
11．hear of 听说
12．keep…from doing… 阻止，防止
13．run away 逃走，流失
14．rain drops 雨点，雨滴
15．wash away 冲走
16．the dead leaves 枯叶
17．stay in one place 留在一处
18．in this way 用这种方法
19．millions off 几百万的
20．blow away 吹走，刮走
21．move towards… 向……移动
22．the rich farmland 富饶的农田
23．all over the world 世界各地，遍及全世界
24．ask sb. about sth. 询问某人关于某事的情况
25．the more, the better. 越多越好
26．in a few years’ time 几年的时间之后
27．this year alone 只就今年一年
28．be covered with 用……覆盖
29．point to 指向
30．thanks to 幸亏；由于
31．far away 遥远
32．at the right time 适时
33．out of class 在课堂以外
34．hand in 交上来
35．more or less 大约
36．fill…with… 用……填满
37．notice to the audience 听众须知
38．Children under 1.2 m in height 身高不足1.2米的孩子
39．keep off 避开，防止
本单元的短语和习惯用语
(一) 短语与词组
1. in town 在城里
2. on show 陈列，展出
3. hundreds of 成百上千的
4. the way to 到……的路
5. on display 展出，陈列
6. a visit to… 一次去……的参观
7. be interested in 对……感兴趣
8. a group of 一群，一组，一对
9. in the 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代
10. long long ago 很久以前
11. long before 远在……以前
12. That’s a pity 很遗憾
13. on the earth 在地球上
14. be covered with 用……覆盖
15. the feathered dinosaurs 长有羽毛的恐龙
16. In the future 在将来
17. be founded （被）成立
18. where else 别的什么地方
19. look up 查阅（单词……）
20. No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
21. No parking. 禁止停车
22. This side up 此面朝上
23. business hours 营业时间
24. No photos 禁止拍照
（二）常用的英语标识语。注意，标识语一般采用大写形式。
CLOSED 打烊 PUSH 推 PULL拉
NO SMOKING 禁止吸烟 NO PARKING 禁止停车
NO PHOTOS禁止拍照 DANGER危险
PLAY 播放 STOP 停止 PAUSE 暂停
ON开 OFF关 BUSINESS HOURS营业时间
OFFICE HOURS 办公时间 FRAGILE易碎
THIS SIDE UP 此面朝上 ENTRANCE入口处
EXIT出口处 OPEN营业中
（三）日常交际用语
1．电话用语
This is… speaking 我是……
2． 表示“有……”：
Are there any new inventions?
Is there any…?
3．其他
That’s very interesting. 那非常有趣。
Yes, many more. 是的，有许多。
When was the PLA founded? 中国人民解放军什么时候成立的？ （被动语态）
It’s best to…
Thanks to…
What’s next?
The ground must be just right.
The hole should not be too deep.
教学建议
被动语态
本单元继续学习被动语态，我们已知道被动语态是由be + 过去分词构成。当不知道动作的执行者是谁或强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态由is (am, are) + 过去分词构成，那么一般过去时态的被动语太就是was (were) 后加not。它的疑问形式一般是将was (were) 放在主语前。
构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：The teaching building was built six years ago.
这座教学楼是八年前建的。
肯定句：The window was broken last night.
昨晚玻璃被打碎了。
否定句：The machine wasn’t used for cutting two years ago.
这机器两年前不是用来切东西的。
The paintings weren’t finished last year.
这些油画不是去年完成的。
一般疑问句：
Were the textbooks written in English in 1982?
这教材是在982年写的吗？
Yes, the were. / No, they weren’t.
是，是在1982年写的。/ 不，它们不是在1982年写的。
Was your school built in 1978?
你们学校是建于1978年吗？
Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.
是，它是1978年建的。/ 不，它不是1978年建的。
特殊疑问句：
When was this club founded?
俱乐部是什么时候成立的？
Where were those buses made?
这些汽车是在哪儿制造的？
[例]He saw here come out of the library.（改为被动语态）
误：She was seen come out of the library.
正：She was seen to come out of the library.
解析：凡主动语态的句子中有省去不定式符号to的不定式作宾语补足语，改为被动语态时，必须将不定式符号to加上，此时的不定式事实上是主语的补足语了。
被动语态的语法计时解
上一讲我们学了被动语态的一般现在时态概念、极成及其用法等。大家知道被动语态的结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词+其它”构成。被动语态的时态都是通过助动词be来体现的，即be是什么时态，该被动句就是什么时态。以动词do为例，就几种常见的时候列表如下：
| 时态 | 语态 |
| 一般现在时态 | is / am / are don |
| 一般过去时态 | was / were done |
| 一般将来时态 | will be done |
本期我们将学习更多时态的被动语态，如一般过去时的被动语态：
1．构成
由上表可知被动语态的一般过去式是was / were + 及物动词的过去分词构成。当主语是单数或不可数名词（代词）时，be用was；当主语是复数名词（代词）时，be用were。
2．用法
一般过去时态的被动语态主要指在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作。如：
All these things were bought by my mother yesterday.
所有这些东西都是我母亲昨天买的。
This kind of cup was used for drinking tea three hundred years ago.
三百年前这种茶杯是用来喝茶的。
主动变被动的特例
同学们都知道，只有带及物动词的句子才能由主动语态变成被动语态。但不是所有带宾语的动词都可以变成被动语态，请看下面几种不能变为被动语态的情况：
1．宾语是反身代词时。如：
He taught himself English.
不能变成：Himself was taught by him.
2．宾语是相互代词时。如：
They help each other. 不能变成：Each other is helped by them.
3．宾语为同源宾语时。如：
The Chinese people live a happy life. 不能变成：
A happy life is lived by the Chinese people.
4．宾语是不可分割的词组或短语时。如：
Li Lei often keeps his word. 不能变成：His word is often kept by Li Lei.
5．宾语是动词不定式或动词ing形式时。
We like singing. 一般不能变成：Singing is liked by us.
6．宾语起状语作用时。如：
She got to the school gate at 8. 不能变成：
The school gate was got to at 8 by her.
7．宾语是“身体的某一部分”或“感官”时。如：
We believe our eyes. 一般不能变成：
Our eyes are believed by us.
8．宾语是表示“某组织”的名词时。如：
He joined the League in 1999. 不能变成：
The League was joined by him in 1999.
有关被动语态的教学建议
在教学被动语态时教师应当考虑到这个语法项目对于初中学生而言是一个较难的知识点。教师应当有一定的思想准备。在教学过程中应当设计一系列的语言素材进行机械操练，达到熟能生巧的效果。要求学生将教师所提供的句子变为被动句，反应要快，越快越好。如可以设计以下的训练模式：
T:I planted some trees yesterday.
S: Some trees were planted yesterday.
T: Some students cleaned the classroom yesterday.
S: The classroom was cleaned yesterday.
T: He washed some clothes last night.
S: Some clothes were washed last night.
…
教学建议
关于一般过去时被动语态的教学建议
本单元的语法重点是一般过去时被动语态。第9单元已经教学了一般现在时被动语态，所以本单元语法教学应将复习与教新课相结合。
教师先依次出示画有cotton, jacket, wool, coats, thermos图案的卡片，复习一般现在时的被动语态，引出下列对话：
1. T: What's this?
Ss: It's cotton.
T: Where's cotton grown?
Ss: It's grown in....
2. T: Is this a jacket?
Ss: Yes, it is.
T: What's it made of?
Ss: I think it's made of cotton.
3. T: What's this?
Ss: It's wool.
T: Where's it produced?
Ss: It's produced in/at . . ..
T: What's (the) wool used for?
Ss: It's used for making sweaters or coats.
T: Look at these coats. They're made of wool.
4. T: What's this?
Ss: It’s thermos.
T: What's it made of?
Ss: The inside is made of glass and the outside is made of metal.（教师给予适当的提示）
T: What's it used for?
Ss: It's used for keeping water hot.
为了降低难度，第4段对话也可先让学生仿照前三段对话来提问，教师来回答。然后交换。还可以在适当的时间让学生做group 或pair的连锁问答。
然后教师让学生阅读第38课。在阅读前，设置一些问题，使学生们带着问题有目的地进行快速阅读。
T: Now we are going to read a passage about a group of girls visiting a museum. After reading, you'll have to tell me what the girls saw in the museum?
阅读完毕，教师将有关问题和学生们的回答板书在黑板上，一般过去时被动语态中was和were要彩笔标出。然后进行问答练习。
学生再次阅读第66课，要求他们找出上面对话练习中未涉及到的被动语态句子。如：
They were very interested in dinosaurs.
So these eggs were laid long long ago by dinosaurs!
It was discovered in Liaoning Province.
教师引导学生分析课文中哪些句子可改写成一般过去时被动语态。如：
Miss Li showed them a picture of the feathered dinosaur. →
They were showed a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.
A picture of the feathered dinosaur was showed to them by Miss Li.
英语标志用语
We can find many Sings and instructions in our daily life. They are used for showing the rules, instructions, directions, etc. Can you describe what characters they have? Try it, and then find the right answer.
I. Single word sign
EXIT 出口 ENIRANCE入口 CLOSED停止 OPEN营业 PULL拉 PUSH推 UPSTAIRS请上楼 DANGER危险 FULL客满 POISON有毒 OCCUPIED（厕所）有人
II. Phrases sign
NO SMOKING请勿吸烟 NO SPITTING不准随地吐痰
NO PARKING HERE 此禁止停车 NO LITTERING不准乱扔果皮纸屑
NO DUMPING不准倒垃圾 NO VISITORS 游人止步
NO PHOTOS 不准拍照 NO FISHING禁止垂钓
NO SWIMMING禁水游泳 NO HANDLE 请勿用手
ADMISSION BY TICKET ONLY 凭票入场
SEAT BY NUMBER对号入座
VISITORS NOT ADMITTED谢绝参观
RESTROOM CLOSED厕所暂停使用
PARKING LAT(SHED)存车处
SHOOTING PROHIBITED 禁止打猎
OFFICE HOURS 办公时间 BUSINESS HOURS营业时间
TOLL GATE（高速路）收费处
III. Sentences sign
KEEP OFF THE GRASS请勿踏草地 KEEP CLEAN请保持清洁
KEEP SILENT请保持安静 DON’T LITTER禁止乱扔东西
DON’T SPIT ON THE FLOOR请勿随地吐痰
SHUT THE DOOR AFTER YOU请随手关门
IT IS EVERYBODY’S DUTY TO TAKE CARE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY爱护公物，人人有责。
标志用语常用单词或短语来表示某些规定、说明、指示等，其特点是：短小精练，常用大写，无句号。
趣味英语猜猜看
下列画线部分均为我们所学过的单词。结合上下文猜猜她们的意思。
1. I don’t like your uncle. He is an old woman.
A.老太婆 B.没有妻子的老头 C.喜欢罗嗦的人 D.老人
2. They didn’t go as it was raining cats and dogs.
A. now and then B. heavily C. a little D. here and there
3. He stands first in his class.
A. He stands up first.
B. He is the best student in his class.
C. He is the tallest in his class.
D. He sits in the front of his classroom.
4. The girl said she would give me a piece of her mind.
A.关心我 B.不把我放在心上
C.责备我 D.喜欢我
5. — Your legs are so beautiful.
— Don’t pull my legs.
A.不要开我的玩笑 B.不要没话找话
C.不要拉我的大腿 D.不要对我有什么恶意
参考答案：CBBCA
本单元短语和交际用语
1. 短语和词组
be made of… 用……做的
be used for doing … 被用来做……
keep warm 保暖
the largest number of ……的最大数量
in the modern world 在现代世界
be used as… 被当作……使用
all over/ around the world 全世界
buy something from… 以……买进……
sell something to… 把……卖给……
none of… …… （三个以上）没有一个
made a telephone all to 给……打电话
That’s why… 那就是……的原因
2. 日常交际用语
1）关于“购物”的用语：
I’d like to buy… 我想买
OK. I’ll take this one. 好的，我就买这个。
2）表示“作用”的用语：
What’s it used for? 它是作什么用的？
It’s used for..? 它是用来……
3）关于“物品的制作、产地和语言的应用”用语：
What’s it made of? 它是由什么制成的？
It’s made of… 它是由……
Where’s it produced? 它是在哪儿生产的？
It’s produced in… 它是在……生产的。
What’s this called in English? 用英语这叫什么？
It’s … 它叫……
English is widely used for business/… 英语被广泛地运用于商业或……
本单元短语和交际用语
一、本单元习惯用语和短语
1. Merry Christmas 圣诞快乐
2. put up 挂起
3. come true 变成现实
4. as well 也
5. at the top of the tree 在树的顶端
6. Christmas Eve 平安夜
7. no longer 不再
8. circle…around 缠绕
9. on top of 在……顶部
10. fill…with… 用……装满
11. be based on 根据，基于
12. even thought / if 即使
13. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事
14. spend…(in) doing… 花费……做……
15. Once upon a time 很久以前
16. tell sb. of / about 告诉某人……
17. give birth to 生产；分娩
二、日常交际用语
1. Me, too. 我也一样。（为了避免上句的重复使用。）
如：— Happy New Year!
— Me, too. （= Happy New Year!）
2. 祝愿用语
Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐！
3. 其他
That sounds like fun. 那听起来很有趣。
The tree looks beautiful now! 那树现在看起来很漂亮！
He has never been to England. 他从没去过英国。
What do you mean by…? 你说的……是什么意思？
I’m glad you’re here. 我很高兴你在这儿。
I’ve never been out of China before. 我以前从没离开过中国。
本单元短语和日常交际用语
1．本单元短语
come up with 产生，发现
keep doing… 继续做……
give up 放弃
the second most useful 第二最有用的
try out new ideas 实验新的想法
no matter how + adj. / adv. +从句 无论怎样……
have nothing to do with 与……无关
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
became interested in 对……感兴趣
at the age of 在……岁时
see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事
rush out 冲出去
by telegraph 通过电报
open up 建立
graduate from 毕业于……
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
turn sth. down 关小
make a strange noise 发出奇怪的声音
work on sth. 从事，工作
It’s not a very good line. 电话线路不是很好。
2．本单元句型和交际用语
（1）表示“……有问题了/病了”:
What’s wrong with it?
What’s the matter with it?
What’s the trouble with you?
Which of these would you like most to…?
What do you want to…?
（2）表示打算或计划
I’m trying to…
I’ll…
I want to …
I hope to …
I plan to …
I’m going to …
（3）否定疑问
Don’t you think his radio is too noisy?
Can’t you swim?
Didn’t you come here?
（4）其他
Sorry about that.
Well, that’s easy.
Good question.
Anything else?
Tomorrow if possible.
That’s a good plan, isn’t it?
本单元的听说读写训练的教学建议
1. 有关本单元听力的教学建议。建议教师在教学的过程中，充分运用教材课文所提供的语言素材，来提高同学们的泛听能力，也就是说，要通过大段语言素材（如lesson 26）的输入，训练同学们抓住文章的基本大意的能力。建议提供相关动词不定式的听力练习和测试，此类声音素材放在媒体素材的课件或音频素材中。
2. 关于本单元的口语训练。应当在加强听力能力训练的同时，强化口语能力，如在进行听力训练的同时，提出一些问题，让学生带着问题去听，然后将捕捉到的信息用自己的语言表达出来。最好能够将问题连成一个小文段。如关于发明话题的教学，可用来锻炼学生的口语。
3. 关于阅读能力的训练，本单元则可以引导学生上网或者去学校图书馆查阅资料，了解有关爱迪生的生平。将所查阅到的资料进行简单的加工，合并成一偏短文，然后和同班同学交换信息。或参考本单元扩展资料中提供的阅读内容。
4. 关于写作能力的训练
写一篇介绍动物的文章，可以介绍这种动物的外貌特征、习性、喜好的食物、运动，你是否喜欢它们，为什么？
[范例点评]
An owl is a bird with very big eyes. These eyes make the owl look clever. The owl can not move its eyes freely as we can. If it wants to look at both sides, it must turn its neck.Owls see better at night than during the day. At night they look for food. They eat mice and insects.
I don’t like owls, because owls make a strange noise. The owls sleep most of the day, so they usually give their cries at night. This strange sound sometimes frightens people at night.
本文思路清晰，条理清楚，抓住了猫头鹰的特点。通过这篇文章，我们了解了猫头鹰的外貌、习性，以及作者不喜欢它的原因。
本单元重难点及相关知识的讲解
1. I’ll be able to write faster.
我就能写得更快些。
be able to 意思是“能够”，相当于情态动词can，只是can 只有现在式和过去式两种(can. could)，而be able to则有更多的时态形式。例如：
Some of us can use the computer now. But we couldn’t do it three years ago.
我们中有些人现在能使用计算机，可在三年前我们就不能。
The work is so difficult. No one is able to do it.
干这活儿很难。没有一个人能干这活儿。
I haven’t been able to find the book. How about tomorrow?
那本书我还没能找到。明天怎么样？
He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own.
他一定要能做到在使用外语的时候完全忘掉本族语。
When will you be able to help me with my Chinese?
你什么时间能够帮助我学中文呢？
注意：在表示允许、可能、惊异时用can或could，一般不用be able to。如：
You can go now. Right now, all right?
你现在可以走了。马上走，好吗？
Can (could) 可以用来指比较委婉地提出请求，疑问或看法。而be able to 不能这样用。如：
— Can I take a message for John?
— Yes, thank you.
我给约翰捎个口信好吗?
— 好的，谢谢。
Could you wait a few days for the money? I’ll return it to you in a few days.
这个钱你们等几天行吗？过几天我就还给你。
另外，was able 还表示”成功地做到”，相当于managed to do sth/succeeded in doing sth
2. We can come up with the answer together.
我们可以一起发现答案。
come up with (an answer)意思为find or produce a way to solve, or an answer “发现， 产生/解决办法或答案”。但是，不能说An idea is come up with。如：
— He came up with an idea for making kite.
— How could he come up with this idea?
— 他想出了做风筝的办法。
— 他怎么想出这个主意的？
3. We just need to keep working on it and not give up.
我们需要坚持做下去，不能放弃。
（1）keep dong sth.意思为“继续做某事”或“不断/反复做某事”。如：
Keep reading, and your English will be better and better.
坚持阅读，你的英语会越来越好。
Keep on doing something也是继续做某事的意思。但是，此时表示在持续的过程中时有间断。如：
He is a famous writer. He keeps on writing every day.
他是一位著名的作家。他每天都坚持写作。
work on sth意思是“从事……工作”如：
The writer is working on a new book. The scientist is working on a new plan. We must work hard on all subjects.
这位作家正在写一部新书。科学家正在研究新计划。我们应该努力学习各门功课。
（2）give up 意思为“放弃，停止”，后面可跟动名词形式作宾语。如：
Give up smoking! It’s no good to you! 戒烟！烟对你没好处！
I can do nothing more. I have to give up.
我无能为力，只好放弃。
4. Which of these do you think is the second most useful invention?
你认为哪一个是第二有用的发明？
(1) do you think 是插入语，常置于疑问词之后，不能置于疑问词之前，作“你认为……”解释。如：
— How old do you think my father is?
— I think he’s fifty.
— 你认为我父亲多大年纪了？
— 我想有五十岁吧。
— Who do you think will teach us English this term?
— Mr Li, I think.
— 你认为这个学期谁将教我们英语？
— 我想是李教师。
(2) 在最高级前加系数词second, third…，表示程度比较次要，意思为“居第二/ 第三位的……”。如：
Changjiang River is the longest one in China. And Yellow River is the second longest one.
长江是中国最长的河流，黄河是第二长河。
Bill is the second tallest in our class.
比尔在我们班上身高第二。
(3) 注意词型的转换：invent v. 发明
invention n.. 发明（物）
inventor n.. 发明家（者）
Edison was a great inventor. He invented lots of things. During his lifetime, he had 1093 inventions.
爱迪生是个伟大的发明家。他发明里许多东西，一生中有1093项发明。
5. When he was a child, he was always asking questions and trying out ideas.
当他还是个孩子的时候，他总是问一些问题，试验一些新的想法。
（1）always与进行时态连用，表示说话人厌烦、赞赏、不满、批评等情感，意为“总是……”。如：
The girl behind me is always talking in class.
坐在我后面的女生上课总是讲话。 （表示厌烦）
The PLA are always doing good deeds for the people.
人民解放军总是为人民做好事。 （表示赞赏）
（2）try out 意为“试验；试用”。如：
The inventor is excited, and he is going to try out his new machine. His idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice
这位发明家很兴奋，他要试一下他的新机器。他的主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。
2001年高考题例：We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ________ very well.
A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on
答案：A
6. Most of the questions had nothing to do with his lessons.
多数问题都与他的功课无关。
have nothing to do with 意思是“与……无关“。如：
You stay in another city. This has nothing to do with your.
你在另一个城市。这跟你没有关系。
另外：
have something to do with 与……有关
have much to do with 与……有很大关系
have a little to do with 与……有一点儿关系
have little to do with 与……几乎没有关系
注意：此处的替换词都是不可数的，不能用many, a few，或few替换。疑问句中要用anything，如：
— Did her speaking have anything to do with the question?
— Yes, it did. What she said had something /much /a little(little) to do with our work.
— 她的话与问题有关吗？
— 是的，她的话和我们的工作有些关系/有很大关系/有一点儿关系(几乎没有关系)。
7. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any more.
老师再也不想教汤姆了。
not…any more 意思为“不再；再也不”相当于not…any longer，通常可用no longer代替，在句中作状语，表示动词或状态不再延续。如：
I can not wait any longer /any more. = I can no longer wait.
我再也不能等了。
8. He learnt very fast and became very interested in science.
他学得很快，对自然科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
be (become ) interested in …对……感兴趣。注意此处是interested，不是 interesting。
That girl is (becomes ) interested in singing and dancing. My brother feels drawing is interesting. They both have their own special likes and hobbies.
那女孩对唱歌跳舞感兴趣。我弟弟对画画感兴趣。他们都有自己的喜好。
9. Edison saw a little boy playing on the railway tracks at a station.
爱迪生看见一个小男孩在车站的铁轨上玩。
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事，表示某人的动作正在进行，用现在分词；see sb.do sth.看见某人做某时，表示某人的动作已结束，使用省略to的不定式。如：
A thief robbed Jim’s wallet last night. Mary saw a wallet lying on the ground after that. I said I saw the thief enter the shop twice that day.
昨晚，一个小偷抢了吉姆的钱包。之后，玛丽看见地上有个钱包。我说我曾看见那个小偷进了那家商店两次。
10. The boy was too frightened to move. …The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send message by telegraph.
男孩吓坏了，动不了。……男孩的父亲非常感激他，就教爱迪生如何通过电报发送信息。
（1） too…to…太……以致不能……
too 后只能接形容词或副词, too…to可以转换成so…that…。so+形容词/副词+that +从句 意思为：“如此；以致于”转换后的that从句应是否定句。如：
She is too young to do the job. = She is so young that she can’t do the job.
他太年青了，不能做这项工作。
The book is too difficult for me to read. = The book is so difficult that I can’t read.
这本书太难了，我看不懂。
I was so angry that I couldn’t speak. = I was too angry to speak.
我愤怒得说不出话来。
He spoke so fast that I could hardly follow him. = He spoke too fast for me to follow.
他讲得太快，我几乎听不懂他的话。
注意后一句中follow 后面不能再接him，因为:如果不定式动词与主语具有逻辑上的动宾关系，则不能再加宾语。
（2）句型such(a/an)+形容词+名词+that从句,也可表示 “如此……以致于……”。such后面的名词可以是单数，复数或不可数。如：
This is such a good book that all of us like it very much. =
This is so good a book that all of us like it very much.
这是一本很好的书，所有的人都喜欢看。
She is such a good teacher that all of us love her. =
She is so good a teacher that all of us love her,
她是一位好老师，我们都爱她。
注意：在such…that 句型中，当such后的名词有many, much, some, few, little several等词修饰时则需用so…that句式。如：
She has so few friends that she is always lonely.
她们很少有朋友，以致于总是寂寞的。
I’ve so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我摔了这么多跤，弄得全身青一块紫一块的。
11. What do you want to do after you graduate from school?
你毕业后想做什么？
句中graduate 作动词，后接介词from，如：
I want to be a teacher after I graduate from school.
我毕业后想成为一位老师。
12. Don’t you think his radio is too noisy?
难道你不认为他的收音机太吵了吗？
分析：这是一个否定疑问句，相当于“难道不……?”回答以事实为根据，事实是肯定的，回答用Yes。中文翻译为“不”；若事实是否定的，回答用No，中文翻译为“是的”。如：
— Don’t you think they speak too quickly?
— Yes, I do.
— 难道你不认为她们讲得太快了吗？
— 是够快的。
13. Let’s ask him to turn it down.
我们让他把收音机音量关小。
turn down意思为“把音量关小“，反义词是turn up把音量开大，类似的短语还有：turn on “打开”，turn off “关掉”，其中on, off ,down, up都为副词，因此代词作宾语，必须位于动词之后，副词之前。如：
The TV is too noisy. Please turn it down.
电视机太吵了。请把音量关小。
Please turn off the lights when you leave home, and turn up the radio. Then nobody dare break in.
当你离开家的时候，请关灯，将收音机开大一点。没人敢闯进来。
关于动词不定式的教学建议
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。所谓非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动词结构。正因为如此，所以他不受主语的人称和数的变化的影响，不必和主语保持一致，没有人称和数的变化。不定式是由to＋动词原形构成，这个to只是不定式的一个符号，没有任何实际意义。另外，由于是动词不定式，他自然具有了动词的性质，因此可以带宾语和状语，不定式加上它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。虽然不定式不能做谓语动词，但是可以作除谓语以外的其它句子成分。
动词不定式极其短语在本单元中出现的几种语法功能：
1） 用作宾语
I’ve begun to learn English.
我已经开始学英语。
The old man always forgets what to do.
那位老人总是忘记该做什么。
Liu Mei wanted to ask the teacher a question.
刘眉想问老师一个问题。
句中to learn English, what to do, to ask the teacher a question分别作谓语动词begun, forgets, wanted的宾语。
动词不定式作及物动词的宾语，常用的及物动词有begin, want, hope, forget, remember, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, wish, agree, choose, start：等。
2） 用作宾语补足语
Tell the child not to play on the road.
告诉孩子们不要在路上玩。
My father told me to turn the radio down.
我父亲告诉我要我把收音机的音量调小些。
I often help my mother (to) do housework at home.
我经常在家帮助妈妈做家务事。
句中not to play on the road, to turn the radio down, (to) do housework at home分别作tell, told, help的宾语补足语。
注意：1.作动词ask, like, tell, want等的宾补时，动词不定式要带to。如：
2.表示感官和使欲的动词，如：let, make, feel, hear, see, watch等，作这些动词的宾补时，动词不定式不带to。如：
My parents don’t let me swim in the river.
我父母不让我在河里游泳。
Did you watch the old man get into the bus?
你注意到那位老人上了公共汽车吗？
3. 作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带to，也可不带to。如：
Could you help me (to) do the cooking this afternoon?
今天下午你能帮助我做饭吗？
He can’t help me (to) mend my bike.
他不能帮我修理我的自行车。
[例] 根据句子意思，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Can you ask Tom _____________ (speak) more slowly?
2. I hope _______________ (find) a good job in Shanghai.
3. I wanted _____________ (have)) a cup of tea.
4. The teacher told us _______________ (do) Exercises 1 and 2.
5. I’ll go ___________________ (see) my grandma tomorrow.
答案：
1.to speak （动词短语ask sb. to do sth..动词不定式作宾补）
2. to find （动词不定式作hope的宾语）
3. to have（动词不定式作wanted的宾语）
4. to do （动词不定式作told的宾补）
5. to see（动词不定式作状语）
本单元句型和日常交际用语
1. 本单元句型
What happened?
What’s happening?
--- When are they going to return?
--- I think they’ll return next week.
This is because…
It was called…
be amazed at…
Where else can I find such information?
It seems that…
It is said that…
2. 表示“喜欢做……”或询问偏爱时用语
Do you like living here/…?
I prefer…to…
He’d prefer them not to …
Do you prefer… to…?
Would you rather…(or…)?
Which would you prefer, … ?
What’s your preference?
What about your preference?
Do you like… better?
I’d prefer/ rather to (do) …than (do) …
I would (do) … rather than (do) …
I’d like (to)....
I’d go for…
My preference / choice would always be…
If it is up to me, I’d…
本单元句型及日常交际用语
一、本单元句型
1. Do you kids have any ideas?
2. I think that's a good idea.
3. How about Hainan Island?
4. You can do it by yourself.
5. Hainan island is the second largest island of
China.
6. How much does it cost to do something?
7. The price of a ticket from … to … is …yuan one
way.
8. Could you tell me how much it costs to fly to
Hainan?
9. Could you tell me if there is a flight in the
morning on November, 26th?
10. Could you teach me how to search the internet?
11. I'd like to book a ticket/a room, please?
12. Please go straight along here.
13. Please come this way.
14. Could you tell me that's a fast train or not?
15. That's sound very cool.
二、日常交际用语
1．表示"祝福"
Have a good time!
2．有关电脑方面用语
Double left click on the internet icon.
Left click on any interesting story about. . ..
3．表示"建议"
How about Hainan Island?
4. 表示感叹
Oh, my! /What!
What a surprise!
How surprising/amazing/strange!
My goodness! /Goodness me!
Unbelievable! /Surprising!
It's really a surprise!
I can't believe it/my eyes!
I can hardly believe it!
Well, that's very surprising.
5．其他
That sounds really cool．
I had a great time．
本单元句型及日常交际用语
1. 本单元句型及交际用语
（1） — Could I speak to sb, please?
— I’m sorry he isn't here right now.
（2） — May I help you?
— That's very kind of you.
（3） That would be fine.
（4） I’ll leave a message on his desk.
（5） Many thanks.
（6）— What does sb say?
— He/ She says that….
（7） What a pity! I’m sorry I missed it.
（8） How exciting!
（9） You must be very tired.
（10） The score was 2-1.
（11） Hurry up! Or we’ll be late.
（12）It takes about ten minutes.
（13）— What do you think is the fastest way to travel?
— I think the fastest way to travel is by plane.
（14） It takes sb some time to do sth.
（15） I’m free every day except today.
2. 关于打电话的一些专用语：
（1）开始打电话时
Hello, could I/may I speak to Carter Bronte?
您好，我可以和卡特·布朗特讲话吗？
Hello, is Mr. Parley in?
您好，派雷先生在吗？
Hello, this is John here (speaking). Who’s that (speaking)?
您好，我是约翰，您是哪一位？
（2）接电话时
Hold on for a moment, please. 请稍等。
He is on another phone. 他正在接听另一通电话。
May I ask who is calling? 请问是谁？
Is that John (speaking) ? 你是约翰吗？
Sorry, but he is not here at this moment. 对不起，他不在。
The line is bad, please speak a little louder．
线路不好，请说得大声点。
Someone wants you on the phone. 您的电话。
（3）留口信、结束通话时
Could I take a message for you? 我替您留个口信好吗？
Do you want to leave a message? 您想留个口信吧？
He is not in right now. Would you call back? 他不在，你（一会儿）再打过来好吗？
I’ll hang up now, bye! 我挂了，再见！
本单元短语与交际用语
1．短语和习惯用语
be afraid of make a contribution base on as soon as
do well in
2. 日常交际用语
I've been to…
That's terrible.
Good idea.
How long has she/he worked there?
Don't you think so.
I've known Li Lei for three years.
I've lived here since 1995.
3.. 交际英语
对约会或预约的肯定回答：
Yes, what's it?
Yes, I'll be probably free them.
Any time on workday at my office is all right.
I don't have anything particular on Wednesday.
Let's make it 9:15/the day after tomorrow.
I'll be waiting for you here.
Let's meet in the park.
OK, that's settled then.
I'll meet you at the theatre at seven.
对约会或预约的否定答复：
No, I'm not free then, I am afraid.
I'm afraid I can't make it next Monday.
I don't think I can.
I'm afraid I'll be quite busy then.
There is nothing before Sunday, I am afraid.
I'm afraid I'll be filled up this week.
I'm afraid I can't meet you here.
I'm sorry, but. . . won't be so convenient for me.
本单元重点难点分析
1．have been (to) 与 have gone (to)
have been与have gone都表示现在完成时态，表明动作已经发生了，但它们之间的含义是有不同的。
1）"have been in + 地点名词"或者"have been + 表位置的副词"含义是"在某地呆得过多久"。例如：
Mr Zhang has been in this school for ten years．He knows everyone here.
张先生在这所学校呆了十年。
I have been here since I began to work．It's just like my home.
我工作以来一直呆在这里。
2）"have been to +地点名词"表示"曾经到某地去过（多少次）"。例如：
Miss Brown has been to China twice．That's why she speaks Japanese very well.
布朗小姐来过中国两次。
Have you ever been here before?
你以前到过这儿吗？
3）"have gone to +地点名词"或"have gone + 表位置的副词"其含义是"到某地去了"（人已不在此地），注意：这种结构不用于第一人称，也不用于第二人称，它仅用于第三人称。请看下面一段对话：
A: Where's Tom?
B: He's gone to the shop.
A: Has Mary gone there with him?
B: No, she hasn't.
A：汤姆在哪里？
B：他到商店去了。
A：玛丽跟他去了吗？
B：没有。
2. Businessmen are
afraid of newspapers and TV stations. 生意人害怕报纸和电台。
be afraid of… 意思是"害怕……"。afraid是形容词，在句中只能作表语，后跟名词或动词的-ing形式（指自己不能决定而突然发生的事），与frightened的意思相同。be afraid后也可跟动词不定式表示"害怕做某事"即：be afraid to do sth.。另外，afraid后还可跟that引导的宾语从句，意思是"担心，恐怕"。例如：
（1）I am afraid of mice. 我害怕老鼠。
（2）Don't be afraid of making
mistakes. 不要怕犯错误。
（3）I'm afraid to tell her the
truth. 我不敢告诉她真相。
（4）I am afraid you are ill. 恐怕你是病了。
（5 ）I'm afraid (that) we may
not catch the train. 我担心我们可能赶不上火车。
3. As soon as other people
hear it, they go out with their rubbish and throw it in.
当人们一听到它，他们就出来把垃圾扔进去。
as soon as -……就……，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作紧跟从句的动作发生。必须注意 as soon as possible（one can），它表示"尽可能快地"。
【例】
（1）He'll write to me as soon
as he gets to Beijing．
他一到北京就会给我写信。
（2）You should do your work as
soon as possible．
你应尽快地做事。
4. … taking care of our environment is very important.
保护好我们的环境是非常重要的。
(1) take care of保护，照顾，保管。如：
Please take good care of your books. 请保管好你们的书。
Can you take care of my baby while I'm away? 我出去时你能为我照顾我的孩子吗？
(2) "Taking care of our environment" 在这里是动名词短语作主语。也可以说： It's very important to take care of our environment.
5．It's
our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 保持我们的环境干净整洁是我们的责任。
（1）it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是"to keep our environment clean and tidy"
又如：It's a pleasant way to help keep our city clean.
（2）keen后面可跟带现在分词的复合结构。如：
He kept me waiting for a long time yesterday．他昨天让我等了很长时间。
keep后面也可跟带形容词的复合结构。如：
You should take more exercise to keep you healthy．你应该多运动来保持健康。
6．If everyone makes a
contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
如果每人都对保护环境做出贡献，那么世界将变得更加美丽。
make a contribution to…意思是"对……做贡献，捐赠"。to是介词后跟名词或动词的-ing形式。例如：
（l）Thomas made a great
contribution to the world．托马斯·爱迪生对世界做出了很大的贡献。
（2）It is our duty to make a
contribution to protecting the environment．为环境保护做贡献是我们的责任。
make是英语中非常活跃的动词之一，和不同的词搭配具有不同的含义。又如：
make a face做鬼脸 make a living谋生
make a mistake犯错误 make
friends with交朋友
make fun of开玩笑 make one's
way挤出一条路
make room for让座 make up
one's mind下决心
My friend Emma made fun of my job once time. She said
that my job is rather making a living than career manage. I made up my mind to
run my company successfully, which could make her realize she had made such a
mistake. Then I made my way in mass society. I made good as a manager. I stay
here and make sure that I have made a go of the business. I make of what Emma
have done for me, luckily, I made friend with her.
7. The more trees, the
better的结构
这里是"the more，the
more…"句型表述结构，它的意思是"越多越好；越……，越……"。例如：
Start your work, the sooner, the better.
开始工作吧，越快越好。
The more I think of it, the happier I am.
我越想越高兴：
The harder you work, the greater progress you will
make.
你越用功，进步就越大。
The longer we stayed there, the more we like the
people there.
我们在那里呆得越久，越喜欢那里的人民。
注意：在"the more…，the
more"这个句型中，"the"不能省略。
8．…
need to do better in protecting the environment. 需要在保护环境方面做得更好。
do well in在某方面干得好。do better
in在某方面干得更好。
在in后面加名词或动名词。例：
He does well in playing football．他足球踢得很好。
9．延续性动词与非延续性动词
(1) 延续性动词
表示动作能够持续发生一段时间的动词。如：
be, have, know, work, live, study, teach, speak,
talk, draw, wait, wear, walk, sleep等。
Miss Gao has been here since 7:00.
高小姐七点起就到这儿了。（此句中不能用arrived或come）
I have had the bike for five years．
这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。（不能用bought）
(2) 非延续性动词
表示一个动作刚刚发生即告结束。如：
come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, leave,
begin, start, lose, fall, join, die, get up等。它们可以用于完成时态的第一种，说明某个动作的结果还存在。但它们不可以用于完成时态的第二种。
Grandpa Wang has died. 王大爷已经去世了。
The film has begun．电影已经开映。（现正放映）
这类动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：要表达"王大爷已经去世两年了"应这样写：Grandpa Wang has been dead for
two years. 而不能写成：
Grandpa Wang has died for two years.
注：在for+时间段或 since+时间点的词组或句子上进行画线部分提问要用how long。同时用how long开始的句子中的谓语要用延续性的动词（时态不限）。
关于现在完成时的讲解
1．表示过去发生或己经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
现在完成时的常用副词是never"从来没，不"，ever"曾经"，just"刚刚"，already"已经"，yet"已经，仍然"。其中already通常用有肯定句中，yet通常用在否定句和疑问句中。yet在否定句中要译成"仍然"，"还"，在疑问句里要译成"已经"。
（1）常already, just和yet等连用，如：
一Have you finished your work yet? 你做完你的工作了吗?
一Yes. I have. I've just finished it. 我做完了，我刚做完。
I've already finished it. 我已经完成了。
I haven't finished it yet.我还没做完。
（2）也可与ever, never连用
-Have you ever been to the park? 你曾去过那个公园吗?
-Yes, I have. / No, I haven't, I have never been to
the park.
是的，我去过。/不，我没去过，我从未去过那个公园。
2．现在完成时与动词的延续性
（1）for 和since时间状语与现在完成时连用，表示从过去某一时间开始并一直延续到现在的情况，因此谓语部分不能用非延续性动词，常见的非延续性动词有：
close, leave, see, come, hear, buy, borrow, begin(start), join, die, finish等。
（2）在否定句中非延续性动词可以与for或since引导的表示段时间的状语连用，如：I haven't seen him for
a long time.（此句是否定句，非延续性动词see与for
a long time连用）
3．注意现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
A．一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没有什么联系。现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，结果。例如：
He cleaned the room an hour ago. 他一小时前打扫了房间。
He has cleaned the room. You see, it's very clean
now.
他打扫了房间。你瞧，现在挺干净的。
B．当句子有表示过去具体时间的状语时，通常用一般过去时。现在完成时不能与确定的过去时间状语连用。例如：
We learned Lesson 4 last week. 我们上星期学了第4课。
不能用We have learned lesson 4 last week.
关于训练听说读写能力的教学建议
一、听力训练
除了课堂的听力训练以外，可以提供给学生一些关于现在完成时的听力练习，完成一些替换练习、完成句子、回答问题等。在复习了前三单元内容的同时，还能达到了能让学生听懂相关语法的语句，并灵活运用现在完成时和一般过去时来回答问题。所涉及的范围可以包括以时间点为线索的描述过去经历、简历求职、假期生活等。
二、口语训练
1. 看图说话
向学生展示两幅关于环境的图片，其中，一幅是未受污染的环境，一幅是受污染的环境。让学生观察并对比它们，看看哪一幅beautiful，哪一幅是已受污染的环境。然后完成对Bad Environment和Good Environment的描述，以及人们曾对这种环境做过什么。
可提供下列词汇与词组：
pour, waste, dirty, clean, terrible, do no harm,
write a book on the environment, pick up rubbish, collect rubbish, keep/make
the place clean/dirty，damaged badly, in public place,
it seems like, it is our duty to, plant tree, improve, recycle, make a
contribution to，etc.
2. 简述自己和他人的经历
分两步进行练习：
1) 让学生们完成自己的简历，写清楚时间、地点、当时所做的事情或身份。
2) 将学生分成两组，A组和B组。两组成员数量相同，并分别在对方组互相指定一名交谈者。分别让A组的成员向B组相对应的成员叙述自己的经历，同时B组相应同学做好记录，然后，B组同学复述A组同学的经历。再分别交换角色，由B组叙述，A组复述。
注意提醒同学，一般过去时和现在完成时的使用应准确，叙述他人的经历时，应注意他/她本人叙述时的用词和所用时态。
三、阅读训练
在学习第10课的课文时，注意三种表述的不同用词和语态：表述过去的事情、表述现在已完成或已产生的影响、下结论或展示希望。可让学生阅读后进行分析和归纳整理，将三种表述的用法和语言环境分别选出，形象地理解什么时候使用哪种时态是正确的。有代表性的句子有：
One day I was visiting … My friend said …
It is our duty … You might ask …
Have you ever thrown … Have I ever picked up
还可将本课有用的短语和词组挑出来，进行造句练习：
a piece of beautiful music
pick up
collect rubbish
keep our city clean
take care of
throw onto
spit in a public place
cut down
protect our environment
make a contribution to
四、写作训练
1. 环境保护是个世界性的话题，它需要每个人来进行努力。除了对一些生态环境进行保护以外，还要保护我们身边的环境。根据教材第10课的内容，将课文改写成Protect our environment的百字短文。建议大家如何来保护我们的生活、工作或社会环境。除了课文所涉及的内容，可以加入自己的想法和建议。
2. 组织学生完成一份关于自己身边环境的英文调查报告。提醒学生先准备好所要调查的项目，以及各项所需要的指标、数字、表格等。主题可包括水、空气、土地、河流、资源、城市等。字数在80-100单词。
可提供下列词汇与短语：
waste water, clear air, earth, city, river, dirty,
rubbish, spit, throw, collect, pick up, draw, damaged badly, in public place,
it seems like, it is our duty to, plant tree, improve, recycle, make a
contribution to, make/keep it clean, hope, wish, etc.
在总结时，建议根据不同的话题，将学生分成若干组，分别选出代表进行报告表演。鼓励每个学生都积极参与，营造热烈的报告气氛，让学生尽量用英文进行报告。在完成此报告时，学生们应掌握了关于环境保护的相关知识，意识到保护环境的重要性，并主动去宣传相关知识。
3. 向学生展示三个场景的图片或动画：
1） 学生在学校内随便乱扔东西，使校园看起来很脏；
2） 学生们在校园内很卖力地打扫卫生；
3） 整个校园变得干净整洁。
根据这三个场景完成作文《校园的变化》。
句型及日常交际用语
1. both … and …
2. neither … nor …
3. not only … but also …
4. 主句+ though + 从句
5. one of
6. No matter +wh-词
7. - How long have you been here in Sydney?
- Since last Wednesday.
- I have been here for two weeks already.
8. -Has anybody done sth. before?
-We have. / Bruce has. /Nobody has. / …
9. -Have you ever been to + 地点?
-Yes, I have. No, I haven't. /Never. / …
10. He has gone to + 地点
11. -Would you like to have a try?
-Yes, very much.
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的构成
1．现在完成时的基本句式是have／has+过去分词。例如：
I have seen that film．我看过那部电影。
We have just finished our homework．我们刚刚做完家庭作业。
She has gone home．她回家去了。
注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其他人称一律用have。该句式中have／has和过去分词之间可插入just，译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等这类词。
2．现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。例如：
Have you read this book yet？你读过这本书吗？
Has he eaten that apple yet？他吃了那个苹果了吗？
注意：现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往表示“……过吗？”“还没有……吗？”等。其肯定回答用Yes，主语+ have／has。否定回答用No，主语+haven’t／hasn’t．有时用 No，not yet．或 No，never．
3．现在完成时的否定句式是have／has not +过去分词。例如：
We haven’t studied Book III yet．我们还没有学过第三册课本。
The car hasn’t stopped yet．汽车还没有停下来。
注意：现在完成时的否定句往往也在句末加yet；译成汉语时表示“还没有……”之意。
二、现在完成时的用法
表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如： 
Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响为：是否知道故事的内容。）
I have bough two apples．我买了两个苹果。
（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意与现在完成时态连用的几个副词：already；just，yet， ever，never等。already，just多用于肯定句，yet，ever，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：
I have already finished my homework．我已经完成了作业。
He has just had his meal. 他刚吃过饭。
Have you ever heard this song？你曾听过这首歌吗？
They haven’t left yet．他们还没动身。
We have never seen so beautiful flowers．我们从来没有见过这么漂亮的花。
语法教学：现在完成时态
1．学习动词过去式与过去分词
动词的原形，过去式和过去分词的词形变化即为动词的变化。绝大多数的动词是规则动词，是在原形的字尾加ed构成其过去式和过去分词；部分动词是不规则动词，它们不是依照加ed的规则变化的。
2．教学现在完成时的结构。
教师边打开门，边说：I’m opening the door. 门开后，教师问学生：
Is the door open? 学生回答说：Yes. It is. 教师接着说：
I have opened the door already.
向学生解释，open the door的动作在过去发生，现在的结果是the door is open. 要表述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响就要用现在完成时。结果让学生体会这句话的意思，然后板书：用彩色粉笔写出have opened.
Teacher asks a student to clean the blackboard．
该同学在擦拭擦黑板时，教师向全班说：
She is cleaning the blackboard.
当该同学擦完黑板，走回座位，教师让全班看着擦干净的黑板，启发大家说出：
Ss：She has cleaned the blackboard.
将句子写在黑板上，让学生自己总结现在完成时的结构。教师最后把“助动词have / has +过去分词”这个结构写在黑板上。
3．口头训练在学生对部分动词的过去分词和现在完成时的基本结构有了认识之后，教师可以进而指导学生做一些口头训练。开始时可用图片或适当的情景引出一些句子。如：
用一个画有蛋糕的图片，加上旁白：“Yum, Yum, good!”引出句子：I have eaten the cake.
画一个女孩儿，加上旁白：“She is here.”引出句子：She has come.
还可以补上一些句子：
She has given the key to her mother.她把钥匙给了母亲。（钥匙不在她这里。）
He has read a book about science .他读过一本科学读物。（他对科学书籍有所接触。）
这样做可以让学生对现在完成时有所领悟，即现在完成时不是单纯表示一个过去的动作。而是表示此动作对现在的某种影响。教师最后可将这些句子用操练的形式让学生改为否定式，疑问句并加以回答。
4．进行比较教学。
把现在完成时与一般过去时进行比较，由于它们都表达一个过去的概念，学生容易混淆它们之间的用法。
现在完成时和一般过去时的动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时所表示的对间观念是比较模糊的，笼统的，它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，而一般过去时所表示的时间是比较具体的，确切的，它必须和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
We went to the park last week. (一般过去时)
I haven’t read this book before. (现在完成时)
Lesson 1 Part 2 In the school library教学建议
1．教师先放录音，让学生跟着重复，然后让学生猜测这个对话发生在什么地方。
2．让学生根据对话的内容，猜测“several”和“shelf”的含义。
3．条件较好，有图书室的学校，可以让学生到图书室进行借书表演。同时可以把这个对话
加工扩展：
A: Excuse me, have you got any books about …?
B: Yes, we've got several. They're on that shelf
A: May I borrow the book "… ", please?
B: OK. Here you are. But you must give it back on time.
A: OK. Thank you very much.
4．让学生两个一组进行对话表演。