lottery
u.c. 摸彩〔抽奖给奖法：一种竞赛，其中记号被分配或卖掉，获胜的记号被预先秘密选定或在随意抽奖中最终被确定〕
The VP uses a lottery to appoint a secretary. 副总统用抓阄的办法任命自己的秘书。
raffle [5rAfl]
n. c. 抽彩〔贩卖彩票并且给予中奖者物品，通常以募款为目的〕
I won this doll in a raffle.我抽彩得了这个玩具。
medical
medicine n. medically adv.
adj. [置于名词前]
medical science 医学 medical care 医疗 a medical /surgical[5sE:dVikEl] ward 内科/外科病房
n. [口语] 健康检查
research
researcher n. 调查员
n.研究；探讨to do research on blood diseases 进行血液病研究
[1.复数形式也表示单数意思; 2. 复数时不与many 或数词连用，可用 two pieces of …]
vi./vt. 研究；探讨to research into the causes of an illness研究发病原因
[+into/on +名词，表对…的研究、调查]
tie
tying; fasten[同]；untie [反]
v.
l 捆，绑，系Can you tie up this parcel for me?你能替我捆好这个包裹吗？
He tied his dog to the fence. 他把狗拴在栅栏上。
l 绑带子；系鞋带Tie your shoes.把你的鞋带系上。
l （常与down连用）限制（某人的）自由 She is tied down with her baby. 她因为要照顾婴儿而走不开。
n.c. [通常用复数ties] (美语亦称)necktie领带
[通常用单数]表示限制行动自由的累赘 Young children can be a tie. 小孩子会成为累赘。
pimple
n.c. pimpled adj. a pimpled face 满脸青春痘
boil[bCil]n.疖子 bump[bQmp]n. 肿块 swelling[5swelIN]n.肿胀，肿大
trouble
troublesome adj.
n.困难；麻烦 The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents；he was always in trouble.
这个男孩给他的父母招来很多麻烦，他甚为苦恼。
困境；被责难的处境Trouble seems to be developing both in the cities and in the villages.
城市和农村好象都在酝酿着麻烦的事端。
v.麻烦 Can I trouble you to shut the door?我能麻烦你关上门吗？
使疼痛；使感不适 I am troubled with a cough.我咳嗽得挺厉害。
ask for trouble 找麻烦 (= look for trouble) be in trouble 处于困境中，受到牵连
get into trouble 发生纠纷 make trouble 惹麻烦〔for〕
take the trouble to do 费神做… put a person to trouble 给（某人）添麻烦
energetic
energy n. energetically adv. energize v.
adj.精力旺盛的；有力的He is an energetic boy, he enjoys sports.他是一个精力充沛的孩子，他喜欢运动。
confident
confidence n. confidential adj. 秘密的 confidentiality n. 秘密性，机密性 confidently adv. diffident[5difidEnt]缺乏自信的
adj. more, most 确信的；有信心的；自信的 be confident of +n./that
Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director.
彼得确信他能获得总经理助理的职位。
public
private[5praivit]adj.私人的〔反〕publicize[5pQblisaiz] v. 宣传 publicly adv. [ more, most]
adj.
l 公众的public affairs公众事务 public opinion公众舆论
Most children go to public elementary and secondary schools.大多数孩子上的是公立小学和公立中学。
l 公用的The city central public square is hung with coloured flags.市中心广场上挂着各式彩旗。
public garden公园
l 公开的a public scandal公开的丑闻
l 国家的；政府的 the public debt {[det]债务} 公债
n.
l 公众The gardens are open to the public.公园对公众开放。
l 社会人士；爱好者The television public is increasing rapidly.爱好电视的人正迅速增加。
permission
[per-通过+mittere让步，原义是放开，后来转为允许，许可] permit v.
n. +to do 做…
允许；准许；许可You must ask permission if you want to leave early. 如果你想早走的话，必须得到允许。
The teacher gave me permission to go home early. 老师允许我早点回家。
social
society n. 社会 socialize v.使（国家、制度）社会主义化 socialism n. 社会主义 socialist 社会主义者
adj.
l 社会的，有关社会的 Social studies is the study of how man lives in societies.
社科课程是对人们怎样在社会中生活的研究。
l 社交的；交际的 Bob's always been a social climber. (喻)
鲍勃总是在社会上拼命向上爬。
l 群居的 Man is a social animal.人是群居动物。
a social club 俱乐部 a social problem 社会问题 social welfare {[5welfZE]n.福利} 社会福利
social service 社会服务
bother
trouble, annoy [同] bothersome adj.
vt., vi.
打扰；烦扰Will it bother you if I turn the television on?我开电视会不会吵着你?
I'm sorry to bother you, but can you direct me to the railway station?劳驾,你能不能告诉我到火车站怎么走?
（常与about, with, to连用）麻烦Don't bother with/about it. 别为此操心。
Don't bother about it.不用麻烦了。
Don't bother yourself about me.别为我操心。
Bother the lot of you!你们这些人真讨厌！
Bother it!讨厌!
n.
麻烦；焦虑 We had a lot of bother finding our way.我们经过很多麻烦才找到这里。
The guests had a lot of bother finding their way here.客人们费了很大劲才找到这里。
slight
slightingly/ slightly adv. slightness n.
adj. ~er, ~est （通常置于名词前）
纤弱的；细瘦的； 脆弱的 He was as slight as a girl. 他像女孩一样纤细。
细小的；微不足道的；轻微的 I have a slight headache. 我有点轻微的头疼。
v. 蔑视（某人），轻视
I somehow felt slighted in their company. 我和他们在一起时，总觉得受轻视。
n.c. 轻视，侮辱
She’ll take your silence as a slight. 他会把你的沉默看作侮辱。
put a slight on [upon] 轻蔑（人）
fairly
adv. more, most fair adj.
l 公正地He told the facts fairly.他实事求是地叙述这些事实。
l 相当；尚可She paints fairly well.她画得相当好。
This bed is fairly soft.这个床还算软。
fairly, quite, rather, pretty/very这四个副词都表示程度，一般英汉词典的释义都是“相当”或“颇”. 这几个词单凭其汉语释义是看不出它们的差异的，似乎汉语没有与它们相当的词。在英语中这几个副词表示的“程度”相差很大。它们的词义按照上面的排列顺序，从fairly 开始到pretty 为止， 是逐渐加强的, pretty的程度相当于very.
The car is fairly large for the four of us.这辆车我们四个人勉强坐得开。
They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.他们还相当肯定，一个香烟头不会引起这场火灾。
The car is quite large for(the two of us.这辆车我们俩乘坐相当大了。
To make matters worse, the room is rather small.使得事情更糟糕的是，这个房子相当小（房子太小，不太合适）。
It was a pretty serious accident. 这是一次相当严重的事故。
plenty
plentiful adj. plentifully adv.
n. u. +of + n. [此处的名词可为可数或不可数，同时动词的单复数形式须与其名词一致。plenty of 常用于肯定句，否定句、疑问句则用enough, much或many]
plenty of money[不可数] plenty of students[可数]
in plenty adv. 许多地；丰富地 We have time in plenty. 我们有充分的时间。
get along with
get along with +人 与某人相处（顺利）How are you getting along with your new friend?
get along with +事 （工作）等有进展 How are you getting along with your work?
represent
representation n. 表现，描写 representative adj. 代表的，典型的
vt.
l 表现；描写；描画This painting represents a storm.这幅画描绘暴风雨。
l 代表We chose a committee to represent us.我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。
l 声称He represented himself as a philosopher.他声称自己是哲学家。
represent +n. +as〔to be〕
He represented himself as 〔to be〕 a friend of the President. 他自称是总统的朋友。
let…down
放下，降下：使其逐渐下来；降低：let down the sails 放下船帆
使失望，没有达到所期望的；使沮丧I trusted him, but he let me down. 我相信他，但他却叫我失望。
come up with
〔不可用被动语态〕
l 宣布或发现：came up with a cure for the disease.发现疾病的治疗方法
l 〔口语〕找出答案、计划You’ve come up with a good idea. 你想出来的主意好极了。
inventor
invent v. inventive adj. invention n.
n.c. Inventor is someone who invents new ideas.
court
n.
l 法院；法庭 (= court of law) a ｛civil[5sivl]公民的, 根据民法的｝ court 民事法庭
l 场；球场a tennis-court网球场
l 庭院；天井 (= courtyard)
invent
〔in-=on偶然+venir来；意指偶然发现〕
l 发明；创作Who invented the steam engine?谁发明了蒸气机？
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.一八七六年阿历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。
l 虚构一个故事The whole story was invented.整个故事是虚构的。
indoors
adv. outdoors〔反〕 indoor [adj. an indoor pool一个室内游泳池]
在户内；入户内go indoors进入户内 stay indoors待在家中
Don't stay indoors since the weather is so fine. "天气这么好,就不要呆在室内了。"
wooden
wood n. woodenly adv. woodenness n. wooded adj. 树木茂密的
l 木的：木制的或包括木的：wooden chair 木制椅子
l 僵硬的，不自然的；没有精神的：a wooden performance; a wooden smile.僵硬的表演；呆板不自然的微笑
l 笨拙的和不灵敏的；不雅的 wooden movements
touch
vi., vt.
l 接触；碰到The branches of the tree touched the water.树枝碰到了水面。
l 触摸；触到Visitors are not allowed not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展览品。
l 与…相比；与…相等Your work will never touch the standard set by Robert.你的作品绝对达不到罗伯特的水准。
l 谈到；涉及；提到The matter touches your interests.这事涉及到你的利益。
n.
l 触觉I felt the touch of his hand.我感到他的手碰了我一下。
l 少许，微量，一点儿a touch of fever有点发烧
She added a touch of glamour by wearing a fashionable hat.她戴上一顶时髦的帽子,又增添了一分魅力。
l 润饰；修饰the finishing touches
l 能力；手法；技巧The piano player had a firm touch.那个钢琴演奏者的弹奏手法非常稳健。
a near touch 千钧一发 at a touch稍微一触就… in touch 取得联络 lose touch 失去联络
fall down
l 失败：未能达到预想；在成就上落后：fell down on the job 工作失败
l 倒下，跌倒：That old building fell down.
divide
division n. 分配 divisible adj. 可分割的
l （常与in, into连用）分开；划分
The Nile divides near its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在靠近河口的地方分开，形成一个三角洲。
Let's divide ourselves into several groups.我们分成几个小组吧。
This class is too large; we shall have to divide it for oral practice."这个班级太大,我们必须把它分成小班作口语练习。"
l （常与out连用）分，分食
"Children, divide the cake up between / among you.""孩子们,你们把这个蛋糕分了吃吧。"
l 除，除尽…
15 divided by 3 is 5. 3除15等于5。
Three will not divide into eleven.三除不尽十一。
l 使意见不合；使不和
Please don't let such a small matter divide us.请不要让这点小事使我们失和。
n.
分水岭；分水界
the Great Divide (落基山脉的)大分水岭
replace
replaceable adj. 可取代的 replacement n. 替换
replace+n. +with/by+n. 以…取代….
l 放回原处When you have finished using the axe, please replace it.当你用完斧子时，请放回原处。
l 取代；代替George replaced Edward as captain.乔治接任爱德华当队长。
l （常与with, by连用）用…代替 I replaced the worn-out tires with /by new ones. 我用新轮胎来替换那磨损的老胎。
compete
competition n. 竞争 competitive adj. 竞争的 competitor n. 竞争者
竞争；竞赛to compete with others for a prize为得奖与人竞争
Five children competed in the race.五个孩子参加赛跑。
earn
l 赚得，挣得She earns a high salary.她挣高工资。
He has earned a lot of money by working in the evenings.他利用晚上工作，已经挣了好多钱。
l 获得 His honesty earned the admiration of his friends.他的诚实得到了朋友们的赞扬。
The young player earned his place in the team by training hard.这位年青选手由于刻苦训练而在队里取得了地位。
increase
increasing/increased adj. increasingly adv. decrease [反] 减少
vi. vt.增加；增大；增多My wages have increased this year. 我的工资今年增加了。
His employer has increased his wages. 他的雇主增加了他的工资。
n.增加；增大；增多an increase in wages工资的增加
separate
separable adj. 可分离的 separately adv. separation n.
v. 分开, 隔离, 分散, 分别
separate +n. +from
He separated the big eggs from the small ones. 他把大蛋和小蛋区分开来。
separate +from +n.
Cream separates from milk. 乳脂可与牛奶分离。
separate +n. +into+ n.
The curtain separates the large room into two rooms. 这个帘子把这个大房间分成了两个房间。
separate+ into+ n.
The large crowd separated into groups going in different directions. 大批群众分成好几组，向着不同的方向前进。
adj.
l 区别的；不同的They have gone to separate places.他们去了各不相同的地方。
l 单独的；孤立的；各 自的The children sleep in separate beds.孩子们分别睡在各自的床上。
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