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高二第二学期非谓语动词

2014-5-11 0:24:22下载本试卷

最新高考题析。1993—1997年的高考题,非谓语动词在考点设计上,呈现出以下的特色。现作简要分 析(题后注原题号及标准答案):
1.How about the two of us______a walk down the garden? ('93MET17, Key:C)
A、to take B、take C、taking D、to be taking
简析:空白处所填词语taking与the two of us 一起构成复合结构,作about的宾语。
2.The computer centre,______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. ('93MET31, Key:D) A、open B、opening C、having opened D、opened
简析:这里应填入一非限制性定语成份,其意义相当于which wasopened。open为动词,此处使用过去分 词,表示被动动作。
3.Charles Bahhase is generally considered ____the firstcomputer.(’93MET34,Key:C)
A、to invent B、inventing C、to have invented D、having invented
简析:consider表示“认为”的意义时,可跟不定式的复合结构。若不定式表示的动作在前,则使用其完 成形式,本题中invent表示的动作早已过去。
4.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction withthe talks, ——that he had enjoyed
his stay here. (’94MET20,Key:C) A、having added B、to add C、adding D、added
简析:此处所填的词与其后的宾语从句构成状语,表示伴随情景。add是及物动词(有自己的宾语从句), 此处adding表示主动意义, 所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。
5.The missing boys were last seen______near the river.( ’94MET30, Key:A)
A、playing B、played C、play D、to play
简析:所填的词为主语补足语,因其后有明确的地点,补足语表示动作当时正在进行中,所以只能使用pl aying。
6. The first textbooks _____ for teaching English as aforeign language were produced in t he sixteenth century. (’94MET32, Key:A) A、written B、to be written C、being written D、having written
简析:所填的词与随后的介词短语一起构成后置定语,write 为及物动词,与前面所修饰的词有动宾关系 ,此处填过去分词,表示被动动作。
7.Paul doesn't have to be made_______.He always works hard.(’95NMET11, Key:B)
A、learn B、to learn C、learned D、learning
简析:使役动词是被动结构时,其后的不定式应保留to.
8. We agreed_______here but so far she doesn't turn up yet.(’95NMET19, Key:C)
A、having met B、meeting C、to meet D、to have met
简析:动词agree后应接不定式。根据后一句的内容, 可知该不定式动作尚未发生,表示将来意义,所以 填C项。而D项“to have met ”却表示动作已过去。
9.—You were brave enough to raise objections at themeeting.
—Well, now I regret_______that. (’95NMET26, Key:D)
A、to do B、to be doing C、to have done D、having done
简析:regret后所跟动词有to do 与doing两种形式, 不定式表示“为做某事而遗憾”, doing 表示“ 为做过某事而后悔”。“havingdone”则更强调动作已发生而无法挽回。
10.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, buthis mother told him __________.(’ 95NMET34, Key:A) A、not to B、not to do C、not do it D、do not to
简析:所填短语意义应为“not to ride his bicycle in thestreet”,因前文出现过ride his bic ycle in the street”,故可省略,避免重复,但不定式标志则予以保留。
11.________in thought, he almost ran into the car infront of him.(’96NMET23, Key:C)
A、Losing B、Having lost C、Lost D、To lose
简析:这里分词短语的意义应为“As he was lost in thought ”,意为“由于陷入沉思”,这儿填入过 去分词短语,表示一种状态,用作原因状语。
12.I would love______to the party last night but I had towork extra hours to finish a repor t.(’97NMET12, Key:B) A、to go B、to have gone C、going D、having gone
简析:本题考查非谓语动词与虚拟语气。would love to do 为一固定搭配形式,其中不定式表示想要做 的动作。但此句中but 连接的句子说明其实动作并没有发生,所以这里要用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,选 用B项。
13.The Olympic games, _______in 776BC, did not includewomen players until 1912.(’97NMET 17, Key:C) A、first playing B、to be first playedC、first played D、to be first playing
简析:该题与’93MET31题考点完全一致。这里play 意为“举行”,及物动词,过去分词played与主语构 成逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动动作,在此用作非限制性定语。
二、非谓语动词疑难剖析
以上高考题例显示,非谓语动词考点都是就其最基本的内容与用法设计的,例如,非谓语动词用作补足语 ,用作状语,分别表示原因、条件、伴随情景等。但非谓语动词的形式、用法还远不止这些,如它们的否定式 、进行式、完成式、多种复合结构等等。掌握这些内容,对于全面把握非谓语动词,加深对动词意义的理解, 增强运用能力,并最终提高阅读能力,都具有重要意义。以下是对几个难点的探讨。
1.非谓语动词的复合结构
(1)不定式的复合结构:
其基本形式为“for (of)sb. to do sth.”,表达时,常使用it作形式主语,句型为“It is+adj.+for (of)sb.+to do sth.”。 这里不定式逻辑主语的引导词是学习中的难点。用for还是of 取决于前面形容词的 意义,一般情况下用for,但形容词为品质形容词时, 形容词后使用of,如kind,nice,careful,warm-hear ted等等。例如: ①It's too hard for a baby of 5 to walk so long a way. ②It's kind of you to help me with my English.
(2)动词-ing的复合结构:
这种结构的基本形式为“one's doing”,但所有格one's 在运用中有变化。规则为:①复合结构置句首 或在正式文体中,使用所有格。②动词-ing的逻辑主语带有后置定语、逻辑主语为不定代词、逻辑主语为名词 化的形容词、抽象名词等,使用普通格。③在非正式文体,尤其在口语中,不置句首时,常可互换。例如:
①Do you mind all of us coming together? ②His not coming in time made the teacher angry.
③I understand you/your refusing his offer. ④We hate the rich robbing the poor of their property. ⑤The noise of the desks being opened and closed could beheard out in the street.(S.B.Ⅱ.L. 8)
(3)与with构成的复合结构:
作状语,表示原因、伴随状态等,基本形式为with sb. to do /doing 以及 with sth. to do/done(be ing done), 分别表示尚未发生、正在进行、已经过去的主动或被动动作。例如:
①With so much work to do, he can't go out for play.
②With a native leading the way, we had no trouble infinding the village.
③With the lovely dog wounded in the accident, Mrs Cooperstill feels sad.
④We need more people and money with the key projectbeing carried on.
注:这一语法结构在去掉with之后,就可转化为独立主格结构,但此结构目前尚不属高考范畴。
2.非谓语动词用作补足语
在感官动词、使役动词之后,常用非谓语动词作补足语,其形式同样活泼多变。但补足语若为不定式,谓 语部分又为被动结构,则须保留不定式标志to。例如:
①The missing boys. were last seen playing near the river.(’94MET30)
②He rushed in and found something stolen.
③The boy was made to work for 12 hours a day.
④Don't have the horse running so fast, or it will gethurt.
注:使役动词后使用动词-ing结构,表示“驱使…一直做”或“听任…做”之意。
3.一些动词后的非谓语动词视其有无逻辑主语而形式不同:有逻辑主语时用不定式,而无逻辑主语时选择 动词-ing形式。请注意对比以下常用词的结构特征:
allow doing allow sb. to do; permit doing ,permit sb. to do;  forbid doing forbid sb. to do
advise doing ,advise sb. to do ;
They don't permit smoking in the office. \They don't permit us to smoke in the office.

Father doesn't allow going out at night. \Father doesn't allow me to go out at night.
4.一些动词,后接不定式或动词-ing时,所表示的时间意义不同,不定式表示动作未发生,动词-ing形式 表示动作已经过去。例如:
①I told him of the matter again, for I forgot having methim after the accident.
②Don't forget to lock the door. It is not safe enoughhere.
5.一些动词,如try,mean,stop,get,send等,后接不定式或动词-ing形式,表示意义不同,试比较:
try to do“努力做”,含“不努力则难以完成”之意 try doing“尝试做”,含“摸索方法”之意
mean to do“打算做”,含“有某种倾向”之意 mean doing“意味着”,含“等同于”之意
stop to do“停下…去干…”,表示一动作停止, 另一动 stop doing“停止干…”,表示动作
get sb. to do“请求某人做”,“说服某人做  get sb. doing“使某人开始做”
send. sb to do“指派某人做” . send. sb doing “使某人(怎样)做”,表示 动作开始后无法改变
还有些动词,后接不定式或动词-ing形式,表示语义无多大差别,多半可以互换,这些动词有begin,sta rt,prefer等,不过当他们自身使用动词-ing形式时,其后常用不定式形式。
6.一些动词后只跟不定式,最常用的有ask,agree , decide ,expect,learn,manage,offer,prete nd,refuse,wish等。 一些动词后只跟动词-ing形式,最常用的有avoid(避免), appreciate ,can't he lp(禁不住),enjoy,excuse,delay,finish , mind ,miss,pardon,practise,resist,risk,sugge st等。
7. 少数常用动词使用时有自身的特点, 不可一概而论。 请注意hope,consider,suggest(建议)的用 法特征。
hope后接不定式,不定式逻辑主语即句子主语。当hope后出现与主语不一致的人称或人物时,使用从句形 式,而不使用hope sb. to do结构。
suggest 后接动词- ing 形式, 它的逻辑主语为句子主语。 若suggest后跟有人称或事物,则常使用从 句形式,无suggest sb. todo 的用法。consider使用consider(考虑)doing,consider(认为)…to be /to do 或be considered to be/to do形式,也可使用从句。例如:
①I hope to go swimming this afternoon. \I hope Tom could come here soon.
②He considered trying again. \He considered us all to be wrong.
③They suggested setting out at once. \They suggested that we should set out at once.
8.由非谓语动词构成的复合词,常见形式有:
(1)名词+过去分词或动词-ing形式,如: man-made dog-tired English-speaking insect-eating
(2)形容词+动词-ing形式,如: good-looking bad-looking
(3)副词+过去分词,如: newly-built well-dressed well-skilled highly-qualified
9.几种非谓语动词主动形式表示被动意义的用法。
(1)主语+系动词+to do (2)主语+系动词+worth+doin
(1)和(2)两种结构中,主语是不定式或动词-ing形式的逻辑宾语。
(3)主语+need(want,require )+doing =主语+need +tobe done,但前者更常用。
以上几种结构中的非谓语动词均为及物动词或及物动词短语。
have sth. to do, get sth. to do , find sth. to do ,give sb sth. to do
这些用法中,句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,sth.为逻辑宾语,do为及物动词或及物动词短语。例如: ①I've got a proposal to make to you. ②We tried to find sth. to eat but couldn't.
10.几种固定结构表示特定的意义,它们不可随意改变:
to tell you the truth “实话告诉你” generally speaking“通常说来” judging from“从…来判断” considering that“考虑到…” talking of \speaking of “说到(谈到)…     
请看以下句子:
①Generally speaking, this book is not very difficult.
②Judging from what you said, he has taken a very good job.
③Considering that he has been in China for only a year, he speaks Chinese well.(《英语语 法手册》薄冰)

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