点“试”成金高考讲座之英语指导摘要
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主讲：张铁城老师。特级教师，精华听课网名师辅导英语栏目主讲教师。
综述
主题：近年来高考英语的指导思想和命题原则。
2003年北京(春季高考)试题与2002年(北京卷)(全国卷)试题的命题指导思想和命题原则完全相同。
(1)指导思想：稳定中，求发展。
(2)命题原则：突出语篇。
针对具体题型的复习和应试策略：
听力理解
典型例题：
1. 1998年10月托福(TOEFL)听力的小对话1-5(速度较快)
1.(A)Go to the basketball game.
(B)Try to postpone the game.
(C)Go to work.
(D)Change her work schedule.
2. The man should consider changing jobs.
The style of the suit if out - of - date.
The color of the suit is not appropriate.
The man should buy the suit.
3. He thinks they should study at the woman's apartment.
He won't have much time to study.
His apartment is messy.
His apartment is in a noisy area.
4. He lost Pam's notes.
He tried to call Pam yesterday.
He wants the woman to call Pam.
He forgot to return the notes to Pam.
5.(A)Speak to his teacher about the presentation.
(B)Record himself practicing the presentation.
(C)Listen to a tape of her presentation.
(D)Ask someone else to do the presentation.
听力原文：
1. -A bunch of us are getting together to go to the basketball game on Saturday afternoon.
You want to come?
-Oh, I'd love to, but I have to work.
-What will the woman probably do on Saturday？(C)
2. -What do you think of this suit ? With this new job, I've got to start dressing more professionally.
-Well, the style is fine. You might want to reconsider the choice of color.-What does the woman imply?(C)
3. -We need a quiet place to study. My roommate's got company. Could we work over at your place?
-Yeah, no problem, but I have to warn you. I haven't done much cleaning this week.
-What does the man imply?(C)
4. -Pam asked me to tell you to call her. She said you have her biology notes?-Woops I was supposed to give those to her yesterday.
-What can be inferred about the man?(D)
5. -I have to give an oral presentation in history next week. I'm really nervous about speaking in front of everyone.
-Try making a tape of yourself while you practice. That might help you feel more comfortable.
-What does the woman suggest the man do?(B)
2.全国公共英语等级考试第三级(PETS3)听力样题
Questions 22-25 are based on the following interview between a reporter and Dr. Smith on his experience in India.
22. When did Dr. Smith arrive in India?
A. Several weeks ago.B. Several months ago.
C. A year ago.D. Two years ago.
23. Why did Dr. Smith come to settle down in a village in the Himalayas?
A. It is in the plains.
B. It is cooler there.
C. The villagers convinced him to stay.
D. There isn't much poverty.
24. What was Dr. Smith before he came to India?
A. A political Journalist.
B. A university professor.
C. A retired doctor.
D. An experienced politician.
25. Why did Dr. Smith choose to live in India?
A. To change his ideas.
B. To understand the Third World better.
C. To start a new career there.
D. To enjoy his retirement.
听力原文：
W：Dr. Smith, you were a political journalist in America and I was told that you've chosen to live here, a mountain village like this in the Himalayan Community. Could you please tell me why you came to India and settled down here?
M：Yes, of course. I came to India a year ago to have a better understanding of the country. After I arrived, I had to find a placeswheresI could live and write. Of course there were many places for me to choose. But after some months I settled down happily in this village because I like the countryside better and it is a little cooler than those in the plains.
W：Have you ever thought of a typical village as a better choice?
M：Yes, I have. Yet no such thing exists. In fact I wasted a lot of time looking for the typical village. Conditions vary too widely. But the villages I stayed in had much in common - poverty, dirt, and ignorance.
W：But in spite of all this, you still feel very happy. Is the experience in this country so important to you that you came all the way from the United States?
M：Well, that's also the question that the villagers ask me. They think that I'm crazy to give up my comfortable life in the Untied States and isolate myself from the outside world in this remote village, like a retired old man. Why have I come? I've put aside my work as a political journalist because my ideas have changed. I've come to believe that what is happening in the Third World is more important than anything else. But to understand how three - quarters of the world's people live. And how their future might affect the rest of the world, I feel that I first have to try and share their way of life.
W：I must say I find your view on this issue very convincing. I'm sure when you go back to your own country you'll find your stay here very rewarding.
3.全国公共英语等级考试第五级(PETS5)听力样题
--Part A True & False 1-5
You will hear a conversation between a student, Mr. Wang, and his tutor, Dr. Wilson. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE.
You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1-10.
1. Dr. Wilson and Mr. Wang have met before.
2. Wang prefers to live with an English family.
3. Wang intends to study how computer is used for language translation.
4. Back in his own country Mr. Wang studied C - language and chemistry.
5. Wang has some experience in CAD.
听力原文：
W：Come in please.
M：Good morning, Dr. Wilson.
W：Good morning, Wang. So nice to see you again. Take a seat…why don't you, please.
When did you get to the university?
M：I arrived yesterday.
W：Well…are you living in the college?
M：No, I am with an English family…actually…because I want to improve my speaking.
W：Oh, fine. Right, did you take a language proficiency test before you came?
M：Yes. Uhh…my Overall Band is 6, but…unfortunately my speaking is only5.
W：OK, you know, here in this university, you have to take our own English test before you attend any lectures. So, first of all ,what we've got to do is, we have to make an arrangement for the test date. Umm…will tomorrow be all right for you?
M：Yeah, I have time tomorrow morning.
W：Good, then. Tomorrow at ten. I don't think the test will be any problem for you. Now, let's make sure you make full use of your time here. Let's put it like this. What exactly do you want to accomplish in the next 12 months?
M：I'm interested in computer language translation, I mean, from English to Chinese and Chinese to English. I'll try, if possible, to produce a software or a device which can serve as an interpreter.
W：Yes, could you be a bit more specific about…er…the device?
M：For instance, when, you talk to the device in English it will translate your wordssintosChinese and vice versa.
W：Uhuh…do you mean it'll be as competent as…er…a human interpreter?
M：Yes…well, I'll let it deal with general situations, at least.…
W：Fascinating…and how big will the device itself be, do you think?
M：The size of a cigarette pack. I think. So people can put it in their pocket.
W：Really. Well, that could be a Ph. D project. Tell me what you have done so far.
M：In my four years of undergraduate study, I studied electronics, advanced mathematics, hardware designing, some computer languages and program writing.
W：Yes, but have you done any practical jobs? I mean, have you written any programs for practical use?
M：I was involved in a project for CAD in a shipyard.
W：The computer aided design. That was probably a good experience, but unfortunately, it may not help your present project much. Are you familiar with C - language?
4. 2001年高考听力第8段& 2002年北京高考听力部分试题Text 11(略)
单项填空
典型例题：
2003年北京高考试题单项填空(略)
完形填空
典型例题：
2003年北京高考试题--完形填空(略)
2002年上海高考试题--完形填空(A)、(B)篇
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldn't have done or something you didn't do which you should have? At one time or another we probably all have. There's no 51. in getting depressed about it now-it's no 52. Crying over spilt (溢出的) milk. However, ther may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and way53. We might be able to draw some conclusions for the future.
One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54. With a friend or close relative. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55. Towards someone we are fond of than towards 56. The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to 57. A bit of steam in a safe environment, while the consequences (后果) of 58. A stranger could be far more serious.
Being honest is usually thought of a virtue (美德) and undoubtedly this is the 59. On the other hand, we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly what we feel, and then have found ourselves filled with feelings of 60. Perhaps we should have kept our mouths shut?
51. A. reason B. purpose C. point D. result
52. A. use B. help C. value D. benefit
53. A. so B. because C. but D. though
54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper
55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect
56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues
57. A. run through B. throw away C. give up D. let off
58. A. inviting B. insulting C. speaking to D. believing in
59. A. issue B. case C. event D. factor
60. A. excitement B. happiness C. pride D. guilt
(B)
Several factors make a good newspaper story. First - obviously - it must be new. But since TV can react to events so quickly, this is often a problem for 61. They usually respond to it in one of three ways.
-By providing 62. Detail, comment or background information.
-By finding a new 63. On the day's major stories.
-By printing completely different stories which TV doesn't broadcast.
What else? Well - it also has to be 64. People don't to read about ordinary, everyday life. Because of this, many stories 65. Some kind of conflict or danger. This is one reason why so much news seems to be 66. news. Plane lands safely - no - one hurt doesn't sell newspapers. Plane 67. - 200 feared dead! does.
Next, there's human interest. People are interested in other 68. - particularly in the rich, famous and powerful. Stories about the private lives of pop singers, actors, models, politicians, 69. , all appear regularly in certain newspapers.
Finally, for many editors, 70. Is an important factor, too. They prefer stories about people, places and events which their readers know. That's why the stories in Tokyo's newspapers are often very different from the stories printed in Paris, Cairo, New York or Buenos Aires.
61. A. newspapers B. publications C. reporters D. broadcasters
62. A. extra B. available C. inaccessible D. memorable
63. A. direction B. look C. angle D. section
64. A. tragic B. dramatic C. professional D. sensitive
65. A. quote B. neglect C. increase D. involve
66. A. good B. bad C. exciting D. informative
67. A. crashes B. bumps C. strikes D. drops
68. A. places B. people C. things D. news
69. A. in addition B. in any case C. for example D. after all
70. A. personality B. similarity C. uniqueness D. familiarity
阅读理解
典型例题：
2002年上海高考试题--阅读理解A篇。
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floorswheresshe met her future husband for the very first time.
Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station's competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to marry withoutshavingsmet each other. Miss Germaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar experiment organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England. Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio. They took a lie detector (测谎仪) test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges included an astrologer (占星家) who declared that they were suited.
The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine's mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell's parents are reported to be less than delighted.
Organizations, including the marriage guidance service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love.
The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a year's free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham, and a car. But will it last?
71. How did the couple's parents react to the wedding?
A. The bride's mother shared their joy.
B. The bride's father felt uncomfortable about the wedding.
C. The bridegroom's parents were quite delighted.
D. The bridegroom's parents were not that joyful.
72. Some experts believe that.
A. marriage without the couple's meeting each other first ends up in divorce.
B. young people nowadays are too careless about marriage
C. taking a lie detector test can not solve all the marriage problems
D. most young people take marriage seriously except this couple
73. One of the prizes for the couple is .
A. to spend their honeymoon wherever they like
B. to use an apartment free for some time
C. to have a wedding dress free
D. to own an American sports car
74. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Two Strangers and a Wedding
B. A Wedding Based on Love
C. A Short - lived Marriage
D. A Well - Matched Couple
泛读材料-- Telling him(英语文摘2002第9期)
1. Early morning and mist is wrapped around the tops of the mountains. Down here it is lifting slowly like a reluctant child leaving her warm sleep. I walk through fields of shiny wet grass and pick out diamonds in the dew. I have come early and parked the car further away than I needed to so that I have time to think and to think me right words.
2. Now that I'm here I am not so sure and think about turning back and leaving. I could put it off for another time. Another day, another week - what difference would it make?
3. I am out of the fields now and on the very edge of the village. And then just as I think about bolting like some scared rabbit he is there. He has seen me from the window and he's calling my name. I run to him. I like being in his arms. I love his love. He is the father I never had, the father I longed for as a child.
4. When Vincent first took me to meet him he opened his arms then. There was no formal handshake, none of the usual politeness or caution of strangers. Later I asked Vincent if his dad was like that with all his girlfriends.
5. I've never taken any of them home before. he said. And although he laughed his dark eyes locked with mine and in that moment he told me that he loved me and that I was special. I looked right back at him to let him know that I felt the same.
6. We went together just months later to tell his dad that we had plans to marry, that we wanted to be married in the villageswheresVincent and his brother had grown up. His dad brought them up on his own above a coffee shop. His sons left to live and work in the town but his dad stayed. He still has the shop and it is busy all year round. In the summer, tourists come and in the winter the locals come as much for his conversation as his coffee.
7. Vincent pulled him away from his customers that day and told him we were getting married. He didn't say anything for a long moment, just kept his head down, then he looked up and nodded, but his dark eyes shiny and I knew how happy we had made him.
8. As we gosintosthe coffee shop now, that moment is with me again. It was a moment of pure joy, a floating moment. He brings me in now and sits me down in front of the fire and brings over two mugs full of steaming mocha (也门一城镇) coffee. He goes and gets some cream and swirls it on the top.
9. So, it's been ages, how have you been? He is looking at the flames in the fire and I know that there is no reproach in his words. He is not telling me off for not coming to see him. He is very straight, what you see is what you get. That's why I had to come and see him, to tell him what is happening and to hope he will understand.
10. He pulls on his coat and we go out for a walk. Slowly the mist is leaving the mountains although the tops are still shrouded in swirls. We talk about this and that but I'm struggling. There's a tension in me that spills oversintosthe conversation so it feels forced and unnatural.
11. All the way down here, I thought about what I would say and how I would say it but now words fail me. Silence falls between us. We are by the church nowswheresVincent and I had planned to marry. It is a tiny church just big enough for the village and late creamy roses are still in bloom around the entrance.
12. Do you want to go in? I ask him. He shakes his head and relief washes over me. He tells me that he doesn't go often, I did at first, not now.
13. We walk on past whitewashed cottages and ancient trees just holding on to the last of their leaves. We're thinking about Vincent and remembering.
14. I knew you were the one, I saw how Vincent looked at you and I was so happy for both of you. To love someone and be loved back, it's everything.
15. I slip my hand in his and hold on tight. Vincent died riding his bike too fast, always in a hurry, too busy even to live. I miss him.
16. Now I say out loud, I miss him, and this is the right time to tell the truth. To tell Vincent's father that I have found someone else.
17. The right words I had practiced are all but gone and everything comes out in a rush, tumbling words with no sense. I am jumping and mixing up the time sequence I know, so I backtrack to emphasize how it has happened suddenly, over weeks really, although the friendship was there for months, longer.
18. I don't want you to think I am some sort of merry widow. Vincent hasn't been dead two years. I worry that people will think it's too soon.
19. This isswhereshe interrupts me, after saying nothing at all. His voice is quick and angry.
20. You're not to worry about what people think. It's what's in your heart that's important. You cannot have your life ruled by what other people think. One year, two years - who cares? Love isn't something yousgroupsafter five years of mourning. You love this man, he loves you. It's natural you should be together. He lets his breath out and I do the same.
21. There's more, I say , He is looking away from me when I tell him that it is his older son that love. Vincent's brother, Joseph. He turns to me slowly and his face is just a smile, a huge smile. He holds ort his arms and move close. The wind whispers around us, a gentle wind that feels like a blessing.
书面表达
(一)发挥想象的作文(开放作文备考之基本功练习)
典型例题：
三分钟小作文
2000年高考英语试题--单项填空的第6，19，22，23及其正确合并，并在3分钟内将其拓展延伸为小语篇。
Most animals have little connection with x animals of a different kind unless they kill them for food.
19. I've worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my job.
22. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
23. --Why don't we take a little break?
--Didn't we just have one?
参考答案：
6. Most animals have little connection with x animals of a different kind unless they kill them for food.
If they do, it means they belong to the same food chain. In a food chain a certain number of living things exist in such a way that each feeds on the one below it in the pyramid or - like tower.(通过率：26%)
如遇到食物链，金字塔等不太熟悉的词语，可以问老师，也可用构词法造个新词儿。
19. I've worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my job. Although the kindergarten,swheresI'm going to work now, is much larger than the one I used to work for, I believe children all over the world need the same : love , care and education. And as an experienced nurse I'm sure I'll be able to do well in my new job.(通过率：34%)
23. Soon after a plan to enlarge the company was made, an important meeting was held. Leaders from its 75 branches all over the world gathered in the central hall at the headquarters in New York. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(通过率：26%)
24. -Why don't we take a little break?
-Didn't we just have one?(通过率：33%)
-Actually we've been working for six hours ever since we steppedsintosthe office at 7:30.
-Really? No wonder I'm feeling so tired, so thirsty and so hungry.
-We've been working too attentively to notice the time. It's already 1:30 p.m.
(二)发挥想象力的作文(开放作文备考之例一)
典型例题：
依据一张侧面人像写作文。(图略)
(一位画家在作画。可是，你却看不出他在画什么。这是发挥想象力的好机会：他画的是人像，是花鸟鱼虫，还是由川风光……他膝盖上放置的大约是颜料，是什么颜料？他在图中用颜色来描绘什么……？)
范文：
This picture shows a side view of a man. What is he doing now? He's drawing a picture. He must be an artist or a painter. But I can't see what picture he's drawing. However, I can imagine that he must be drawing something interesting, or at least something he is interested in himself. It seems to me that he is painting in oils. What I see on his knees, I'm sure, must be some oil - paint. Then what color are these oils? It's hard to say. You see, what I see here is a picture in black and white. So I have no choice but to guess. The painter looks quite young, most probably in his late twenties. He must be a father of a small baby. Oh, he must be drawing a picture about his 14 - month - old baby son. I seem to see the rosy cheeks of a lovely baby, all in pink. But why in pink? According to some artists, pink may serve as a background of something red, rosy or orange. And I'm also sure that the artist in now putting the finishing strokes to his oil painting - he's giving the lovely baby a huge pair of bright eyes.
(三)发挥想象力的作用(开放作文备考之例二)
典型例题：
要求用已学的英语简述白居易《琵琶行》片断的基本内容。
大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语。
嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘。
间关莺语花底滑，幽咽流泉水下滩。
水泉冷涩弦凝绝，绝绝不通声渐歇。
别有忧悉暗恨生，此时无声胜有声。
银瓶乍破水浆迸，铁骑突出刀枪鸣。
区终收拨当心画，四弦一声如裂帛。
东船西舫悄无言，唯见江心秋月白。
参考词汇：玉：jabe 黄莺：oriole 铁甲：armoured
摘自1959年中华书局出版的乾隆十六年进士蘅塘退士所编之广为流传的唐诗三百首范文：
The thick strings so powerfully played were just like a rainstorm, while the fine strings s softly played were just like a secret whisper.
Powerful and soft sounds mixedsintosone were just like big pearls and small pearls dropped on a jade plate.
They sounded like the clear singing of oriole - a kind of lovely singing bird - hidden among flowers.
They sounded like the low sound of a running brook over a small waterfall.
The flowing waters froze still and the string's sounds froze, too.
As the strings froze and stopped to murmur, the music died away (＝became less and less and finally stopped).
Next she played a hidden sorrow - a sort of hidden regret was born , and this time the silence was far more powerful than any musical sound.
A silver bottle suddenly broke and water ran out.
Then armored soldiers on horseback rushed out with the terrible fighting sounds of swords and spears.
At the end of the music, she suddenly stopped in the middle of the strings, across which her fingers had been rapidly moving.
All the four strings made a sharp sound of tearing silk.
There was silence in both the east ship and the west boat.
We saw only the autumn moon white in the heart of the river.