高三英语Ⅸ.情态动词和虚拟语气
1.
A left-luggage office is a place where bags ________ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
【解析】 can“能够”，用于肯定句中表示可能性。此句中指人可以把包裹存放在行李存放处。should“应当”；must“必须”，表义务和责任；will表示愿意。答案为B。
2.
How _________you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may
【解析】 can“可能；能够”，用于疑问句和否定句表示惊异，不相信等。译文：如果你只看了文章的一部分，怎么可以说你了解了整个故事呢?答案为A。
3.
—The room is so dirty. ________ we clean it?
—Of course.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
【解析】 shall用于一般疑问句中主语常用于第一、第三人称，表示征求对方意见或请求允许，而will和would在疑问句中，主语常用第二人称。译文：—房间如此脏乱。我们打扫一下好吗?
—当然可以。答案为B。
4.
Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _________ go and do the opposite!
A. may B. can C. must D. should
【解析】 从“Naturally”可以看出这个动作发生的可能性非常大。must表示“一定”，用于肯定句中表猜测。故选C。should意为“应该”，can表示能力，而may的可能性很小。答案为C。
5.
My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who_________ have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
【解析】 could have done表示对过去情况的推断，可能是……。should have done表示本来应该做而没有做；must have done表示过去一定那样做了，对过去情况的断定；would have done常用来表示虚拟语气。答案为C。
6.
Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_________ your advice.
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
【解析】 虚拟语气用if only引导。if only“要是……就好了。”从句中用了虚拟语气。“如果听了你的劝告，我就不会有那么多麻烦。”答案为C。
7.
—Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
【解析】 come,go,leave,start等趋向动词的进行时表示将来时，所以答语是对这一将来动作作出的推断。may not“可能不；不一定”，根据he likes driving his car可以看出John可能乘火车来，也可能自己开车来。may not正好符合这一语境。must not“不准”；cannot“不可能”；need not“不必”。答案为D。
8.
—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
—It ________ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won't be C. couldn't be D. mustn't be
【解析】 couldn't+动词原形，表示对过去情况的否定推测。根据there was little snow说明对方所说的去山里滑雪这件事不可能是真的。另外，may not be表示对现在情况的否定推测。答案为C。
9.
It has been announced that candidates _______remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
【解析】 shall用于陈述句的第二、第三人称时，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，意思是“必须，应，可”。译文：据宣布，考生在收卷前必须坐在自己的座位上。答案为D。
10.
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love ,at the age of seven ,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
【解析】 根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven 是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。由于主句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟，条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的虚拟，增加了试题的难题，但是，使用排除法可以容易地做出该题：should fall 和were to fall都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟；wouldn't have fallen不用于条件句中，所以都不能作为答案。译文：如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。答案为B。
11.
—I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins. _______ I have a look?
—Yes,certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
【解析】 may表示征求对方的同意。May I have a look?“我可以看看吗?”shall用于询问或请对方做决定的建议中，表示“让某人做……”。Shall I have a look?=Do you want me to have a look?答案为B。
12.
Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I _______ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten C. shouldn't have eaten D.mustn't eaten
【解析】 just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词的形式”。所以只能在选项B或C中确定答案。mustn't have eaten是一个错误选项，因为“mustn't+动词”表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。译文：噢，我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。答案为C。
13.
I was really anxious about you .You_________home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
【解析】 should't have done表示本来不应该做而做了，含责备意味。译文：我真为你着急，你不应该不说一句话就离开了家。另外注意mustn't+动词表示“禁止”。答案为B。
14.
You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
【解析】 should用于表示感情，意向等句中的that从句，表示“竟然……，居然……”的惊讶，出乎意料。译文：你难以想象一位行为体面的绅士会对一位女士那么粗鲁。答案为C。
15.
What would have happened ________ ,as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
【解析】 因为主句的谓语动词用了would have happened，所以从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。在虚拟语气中，如果条件状语从句中的if省略，该句要倒装。译文：如果鲍勃走得远一点，走到岸边，会发生什么事呢?答案为C。
16.
Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ________it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A. can B. should C. may D. must
【解析】 can表示可能性的推测，常用于疑问句或否定句中；may表“可能性”常用于肯定句或否定句中；must常用于肯定句中表推测，“一定……”的意思。注意：can not表示“不可能”，而may not表示“或许不……可能不……”，两者语气上有区别。译文：布什先生按时做好一切事。他来参加开幕式迟到了可能会是什么样的情景呢?答案为A。
17.
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he_________ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C.would score D.would have scored
【解析】 根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语气。表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。译文：在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。答案为D。
18.
—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure . I_________go to the concert instead.
A．must B．would C．should D．might
【解析】 might后接动词原形的意思是“可能做某事”。因为对方回答说：“I'm not sure.”表明他可能会去看音乐会，但没有十分的把握。答案选D。
19.
My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_________your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
【解析】 “情态动词+不定式完成式”有各自的含义。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，多用于肯定句中；needn't have done表示过去本不必做的事情；shouldn't have done表示过去做了不该做的事情；can't (couldn't) have done表示对过去的否定性推测，意为“不可能”。所提供的情境My sister met him at the Grand 表示他不可能参加讲座。答案为A。
20.
Sorry I'm late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
【解析】 might have done sth.的意思是“(过去)可能做某事”，表推测；should have done sth.的意思是“本不应该做某事”，表责备。从句子的意思可知，可能当时把闹钟关上了，而不是本来不应该把闹钟关上。答案为A。
21.
—Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry, ________. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't
【解析】 问句虽然用Will提问，但不能用I won't回答，这样回答使语气生硬，不符合英语习惯。用I can't 语气委婉，表示我愿意留下来吃午饭，但是由于兄弟要来而不能留下来。I mustn't 表示禁止；I needn't表示“我没必要”。答案为B。