过去分词做定语,表语的用法
1. 过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语需要注意如下几个方面的问题:
(1)过去分词作定语时,所表示的时间概念:
1)多表示已完成的动作.例如:
A .The broken glasses are mine.
B. The book written in English is about “The differences between American English and
British English”.
2)表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.例如:
A. A letter posted yesterday will probably reach her next week.
B. He wants to buy a used car.
3) 没有一定的时间性.例如:
A. I don’t like to see letters written in pencil.
B. His spoken English is excellent.
(2)过去分词作定语在句中的位置:
1) 单个的过去分词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词之前.例如:
spoken English _________________ 一只受过训练的狗 ____________________
一条结了冰的河流 _____________________
注意 不及物动词的过去分词一般不能作前置定语,能作前置的仅限于 escaped,
faded, fallen, risen, grown等.例如:
the risen sun ______________________ 落叶 _______________________
2) 过去分词与副词,名词,形容词构成复合形容词作定语时,位于被修饰的名词之前.
例如:
a newly—built road __________________ a man—made satellite _________________
一个高度发达的国家 ________________________
3) 过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之后.例如:
A. There is anything arranged for the vacation ?
B. There are many person killed in that accident .
注意: 某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语. 例如: There is no time left .
A. 某些动词的过去分词作定语时,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语,但含义不同. 例如:
A. The method used is very efficient .
B. This is a used book .
C. The book given to him is an English novel .
D. We will be meeting at a given time and place .
(3) 某些动词的过去分词作定语时, 多半用来修饰人. 这类过去分词多是表示人物的心理特征或情感变化的动词. 如:delighted , devoted , discouraged , amused , astonished , frightened , moved , inspired , encouraged , puzzled , tired , worried , excited .
For example : A. The tired boy fell into asleep very soon .
B. The puzzled mother come to her daughter’s teacher for help .
C. The frightened baby kept crying .
2. 过去分词作表语
(1) 过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:
① The store is now closed .(系表)
The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被动)
② The novel is well written . (系表)
The novel is written by LuXun . (被动)
(2) 某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语多半是人, 这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词, 其中很多可以被very修饰. 在口语中, 用very代替much来修饰过去分词的现象, 越来越普遍. 例如:
A. On hearing the good news everyone was excited .
B. We are very pleased at the news .
Exercises in class :
( ) 1. Most of the people ___ to the party were famous scientists .
A. invited B. to invited C. being invited D. inviting
( ) 2. The computer centers , ____ last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
( ) 3. What an ___ game ! I’m really ___ at it .
A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited
C. excited, exciting D. exciting, exciting
( ) 4. The ground is ___ with the ___ leaves .
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
( ) 5. We are all ___ to see that ___ child .
A. pleasing, smiled B. pleasing, smiling
C. pleased, smiling D. pleased, smiling
( ) 6. The television is a ___ machine .
A. newly—inventing B. newly—invented
C. newly—intent D. newly—invention
( ) 7. The ___ price will save you one dollar for each dozen .
A. reduce B. reduced C. reducing D. reduces .
( ) 8. Romeo , ___ that Juliet was dead , decided to kill himself .
A. believe B. to believe C. believing D. believes
( ) 9. When ___ this machine you must remember the instructions.
A. to use B. used C. using D. uses
( ) 10. Jones and Smith came in , ___by their wives.
A. following B. to follow C. and followed D. followed