高三英语练习
猜测单词或短语的词义是学生阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分，具备了一定的猜词能力，对排除阅读中某些生词的干扰，降低生词率，提高阅读理解速度和理解能力大有益处。
-定义法
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些词给出其定义，或者用逗号、破折号引出对某一词的定义或解释说明。例如NMET2004B篇61题。
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms(症状).
What is AIRCEPT？
A、A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s
B、A medicine to delay signs of aging
C、A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s
D、A medicine to cure brain damage
解析：从上下文看，a drug called ARICEPT …… to help their symptoms就是给ARICEPT下的一个定义，故答案选C。
-举例法
有时有些文章为了证实或说明某一观点，经常举一些例子，考生可充分利用这些例子猜测生词的含义。例如NMET2001全国A篇56题。
The largest player -- Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices -- deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite.
The words “deluxesedans”，“minivans” and “stationwagons” used in the text refers to _______.
A、cars in the making
B、car rental firms
C、cars for rent
D、car makers
解析：文中谈到上海巴士旅游汽车出租公司能提供很多的选择，下面列举的当然是各种汽车类型，答案选C。
-构词法
英语中有很多单词是根据一定的构词法构成的，如果熟练掌握了一定的英语构词法知识，考生就可推测文中生词的含义。例如NMET2001全国A篇。
Car rentals(出租) are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads.
解析：in是表示否定意义的前缀，因此，我们可推知inexpensive意为“便宜的”。
-同义词法
很多情况下，文中会出现由并列连词and或or连接的与之同义或近义的相同成分或词语，由熟悉的词语就可推知生词的含义或它的义域。例如NMET2004湖北C篇66题。
Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs？The answer is “Yes”，according to the researchers at John Hopkins and three other medical centers.
In Science/Health，“John Hopkins” is_______.
A、a famous university
B、a medical center
C、a well-known doctor
D、a drug company
解析：从according to the researchers at John Hopkins and three other medical centers可推知，John Hopkins属于medical center范畴，故John Hopkins应当是amedical center，答案为B。
-词义搭配法
英语中单词总是和句子中其他的词语相关联，可通过这些前后的关联来猜测生词的含义。例如NMET2004全国I卷E篇74题。
Finally although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job，recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study.
The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means______.
A、keep for some time
B、successfully get
C、immediately start
D、lose regretfully
解析：land的宾语是the first job，根据词义搭配，可以推断land的含义应该是得到，故答案B，“成功地得到”。
-转折、对比法
有的句子通过用含有表示意思转折的连词、副词及其短语如：although，though，however，but，nevertheless，yet，still，instead，on the other hand，on the contrary等，此时可根据意思的转折很容易地猜出词义。还有的在描述、说明事物的时候常使用反义词来说明或描述另一事物的特征，因此考生可通过已知的反义词去推测未知的生词的含义。例如NMET2002全国E篇74题。
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have hassle;it can be a basket of fun，according to Beth Anaclerio，an Evaston mother of two，ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word “hassle” (Paragraph 1) probably mean？
A、a party designed by specialists
B、a plan requiring careful thought
C、a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D、a demand made by guest
解析：文中先说孩子的生日聚会不“hassle”，后面紧接着对比说“it can be a baske to ffun”，显然hassle与fun在意义上是相反的，因此可推知答案为C，“麻烦，费力之事”。
除了上述常见方法之外，考生还可根据生活经验或是常识来猜测词义。总之，猜测生词词义离不开上下文，考生要抓住文章提供的任何线索，做出准确判断。