| 高考英语虚拟语气命题走向与应试策略 湖南省涟源市私立行知中学 曾省初 [高考走向] 在高中阶段，虚拟语气被普遍认为是难度大，不易掌握的语法项目，很容易使初学者望而生畏，虚拟语气是高考复现率最高的考点之一,占40％。综观近几年的高考英语试题，命题者主要是从以下结构特征及重难点入手的。能否从中找出一些规律呢？然而只要我们好好总结一下虚拟语气的构成和用法，那就可以化难为易了。 [知识在线] 1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
（1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：
I would certainly go if I had time．（现在）
If it should rain，we wouldn't go out.（将来）
If I knew German，I would read the paper to you．（现在）
If he were here，we could ask him．（现在）
（2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如：
If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train．
She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy．
If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．
If only you hadn't told him the news．
（3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：
Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us．
Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing．
Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go．
（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：
If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）．
If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．
2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：
I suggest that we（should）set off at once．
The doctor insisted that the patient (should）be X-rayed．
I wish I were as strong as you．
I would rather that you hadn't told him．
3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．
My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．
DO you know the order that you（should）Keep watch？
5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：
They talked as if they had been friends for years．
She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．
He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train．
6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在It is（about／high）time ＋that定语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“该做……的时候了”，其动词形式用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形。 It's already 5 o'clock now．Don't you think it's about time we went home？现在已经5点钟了，你不认为我们应该回家了吗？ It is time that the problem was solved． 7．虚拟语气用在would rather would（just）as soon，would sooner，would prefer（希望）等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。 （1）The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office．经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。 （2）To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case．坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。 （3）You don't have to be in such a hurry．I would rather you went on business first．你没有必要这么着急 [创新训练] 虚拟语气练习1 1. If I ____ a map, I would lend it to you. a. have b. had c. should d. would 2. Alan _____ the party if he had gone to London. a. would have missed b. had missed c. would miss d. missed 3. If you _____ to lose weight, ____ less bread. a. wanted ….. ate b. wanted….. would eat c. want ….. eat d. would want….. ate 4. If I knew you were coming, I _______ you at the airport. a. had met b. met d. would meet d. would have met 5. If only I _______ to my parents! ( But I didn't.) a. listened b. had listened c. should listen d. would listen 6. The committee proposed that Mr. Day _____ elected. a. was b. were c. would be d. be 7. It's time you _____ in bed. a. be b. are c. were d. was 8. It is highly desirable that a new president ______ for this college. a. should appoint b. should be appointed c. be appointed d. appoint 9. I'd rather we _____ dinner now. a. had b. have c. should have d. should have had 10. It was his doctor who advised that he ______ his job. a. had changed b. changed c. would change d. change 11. Tom suggested that Ann _____ the house. a. sell b. sold c. should sell d. would sell 12. I wish this bus ______ to the university. a. go b. went c. has gone d. had gone 13. I am convinced that he _____ innocent. a. be b. was c. were d. is 14. _____ to the doctor right away, he might be alive today. a. Should he have gone b. Were he gone c. Had he gone d. If he went 15 Samney looks as though he never _____ a square meal, though his parents feed him very well. a. get b. getting c. got d. should get |