高考英语短文改错题设错规律及解题诀窍
湖北荆门市第一中学 邓呈武
关 键 词:短文改错 设错规律 解题诀窍
内容简介:高考英语短文改错题是一种命题难度不大,但考生得分较低的题型。作者分析了该题型的选材以及在词法,句法,语法,文法和母语影响方面的设错规律并且总结了解题诀窍。
作者简介 邓呈武,男,88年参加工作,现为荆门市第一中学英语教研组长,中教高级职称,湖北省首届中学英语骨干教师培训班学员,单元整体教学教案1997年曾获省教案评比一等奖,本文发表于《英语通》2001年第三期,翻译计算机软件应用资料十万字。
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高考英语短文改错题设错规律及解题诀窍
湖北荆门市第一中学 邓呈武
高考英语短文改错题是向书面表达过渡的一种题型,它主要考查考生语言观察能力与评价能力,着重考察考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。错误主要涉及考生在英语语篇中容易出现的错误,其难度本身并不大,但它是中国学生在英语写作中经常容易犯的错误,针对的是考生的弱点,因此短文改错的最大难点在找错上。一般情况下,只要有充分理由判断错误所在,改错就不成问题了。因此考生必须具备在英语篇章中综合运用语言的能力来准确评判查出错误。
为了快速准确地找到错误,了解命题设错的规律是查错的关键.高考英语短文改错选取的短文就像是高中学生平时写的英文习作,材料内容比较符合学生实际,考生理解短文并不难。下面以1999年全国高考英语短文改错的选材和设错为例谈谈高考英语短文改错题命题设错规律。1999年短文改错材料选自上海外语教育出版社出版的大学公共英语教材College English《大学英语》(精读)第一册第四单元完形填空Cloze练习,原材料如下:
These days I don't watch television , but a (few) years ago I (used) to watch it every night . I was often a (little) tired in the evenings and there are (few) forms of entertainment that demand as (little) effort as television. Unfortunately, there are a large (number) of people in my family; Some wanted to see one program (while) others preferred another. I was happy to look at (any )program but the (others) spent a great (deal) of time arguing( 争论)each night and there was (no) way of setting the (matter) except by selling the set.(Now) everyone at home reads instead.(括号内单词为原题设空部分)
命题者考虑到短文的长度和高中学生的能力水平对原文进行了改编
编使其成为1999年高考短文改错题,原题如下:
The Problem with Television
Now I can't watch much television ,but a few years ago 1.______
I was used to watch it every night. I was often 2.______
a little tired after a day's work and watch TV 3.______
demands very little effort. Unfortunately ,there are 4.______
too many people among my family .Some wanted 5.______
to see the program while others preferred 6.______
another. I am happy with any programme but 7.______
the others spent a lot time arguing and there 8.______
was no way of setting the matter except by 9.______
selling the set .Now someone at home reads instead. 10._____
以上命题设错各行分别为:第1行错误涉及词的误用,应将much 去掉。第2行错误涉及易混短语used to do sth与be used to doing sth 的误用,应将was去掉。第3 行错误涉及句法 中句子成份 问题,应将watch 改为 watching第4 行错误涉 及词性功能,Unfortunate应改为副词Unfortunately。第5行错误涉及易混介词误用,应将among改为in.第6行错误涉及代词一致性问题,应将the改为one与下一行的another保持一致 。第7 行错误涉及 时态,短文主要叙述过去的事情,也有的内容涉及现在,要注意叙述的时间范围,应将am改为was.第8行错误涉及习语固定搭配,a lot 后应加of。第9 行无错。第10 行错误涉及上下文联系的语义错误,也涉及不定代词的用法,someone应改为everyone或everybody.综合起来看,第2.4.5.8行的错误涉及词法,第3行错误涉及句法,第7行错误涉及语法,第2,6,10行错误涉及上下文逻辑和语义。由于受所选材料的限制,短文改错题设错不可能面面俱到,但是多年来高考英语短文改错主要设错包括:1词法方面的词性功能,易混词,习惯搭配,词形变化等方面的错误;2句法方面的句子成份和结构,连词,句型等方面的错误;3)句子语法方面的时态语态,人称和数等方面的错误;4)行文逻辑方面的连词,逻辑承接语和语义方面的错误;5受母语汉语影响而形成的错误。其中主谓一致,时态一致,代词一致和语义前后一致是经常设错的内容。
明确了短文改错设错的规律查出错误就比较容易了,但是要做到准确无误可以从以下方面来分析做题:1)通篇考虑。英语短 文改错是以一篇短文作为材料,因此短文改错要考虑语篇结构中的句与句之间的关系,依此来查出连词和逻辑承接语是否出错。2)依句查错。英语短文改错一般“题以行出,错从句生”,因此必须以句子而不是以每行为意义单位来分析。分析复合句查连词,分析主句从句和单句查句法和语法错误,最后分析组成句子的各部分查词法错误。3)瞻前顾后。分析时必须行行兼顾,甚至要注意后行与前几行之间的语义联系。在查找正确的一行时也要行行兼顾综合分析,以确保该行正确无误,从而避免影响其它行的改错。4)仔细复查。做完题以后要快速把正确答案带入短文中默读一遍以便检查答案是否正确。5)按要求答题。对多词少词错词及正确行所做的标记一定要符合要求,切不可随心所欲,也不可在一行中到处做标记。总之,只要按要求答题就不会出错。
短文改错题的设错不是人为地制造错误,而是检查考生综合运用英语的准确性。学生平时在英语习作中要时时注意自己使用英语时经常犯的错误,克服自己的弱点,增强查错和改错的准确性。英语教师可以根据自己学生经常犯的错误把他们的习作改编成短文改错题,以便提高学生改错的针对性,同时提高学生的英语写作水平。根据英语 短文改错设错规律和解题诀窍,查出下面短文中的错误并加以改正。
Nowadays there were so many kinds of books that it is hard to decide 1.______
which to buy .The other day I went to a bookstore but returned with any 2.______
book. On entering it, I was attracted by many useful books, but I could 3.______
not help hoping to buy them. I found five favorite books, which were three 4.______
English novels and two English dictionaries, and I could not afford all of 5.______
them, which is to say, I had to give up two of them .I liked them all so much 6.______
that I could not decide two to give up. When I was hesitating ,the shop 7.______
keeper came up to introduce me some popular softwares for learning 8.______
English. They can make learn English enjoyable ,but they can be used 9.______
only in computers .In the end, I decided to go home quickly and persuaded 10______
my parents to buy a computer as soon as possible .
参考答案:
1.把were改为are。2.把with改为without,或把any改为no。3.无错。4.把them 改为 some。5.把and 改为but。6.把which改为that。7.在two前加which。8 .在me前加to。9.把learn改为learning。10.把persuaded改为persuade。
参考文献:
1.《2000年高考英语考试说明》。
2.翟象俊主编 College English《大学英语》(精读)第一册,上海外语教育出版社1991年出版。
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