Unit 3 The land down under
I. Words to know
strait, islander, fellow, criminal, govern, governor, resemble, diverse, transform, immigration, strengthen, differ, pronunciation, vocabulary, female, concept, chew, chairwoman, entire, mine, fence, outdoors, birthplace, outing, lemonade, barbecue, roast, steak, barrier, pointed, claw, hairy, medium
II. Phrases to know
1. be different from 2. be made up of 3. be surrounded by
4. stands for 5. be used to do 6. complex society
7.similar to 8. be known as 9. be harmful to
10. as a consequence 11. had+n + p.p 12. describe …as
13. had a strong influence on … 14. transform… into
15. benefit from 16. pass laws 17. are fond of 18. have fun with
1. be connected to 2. be separated from 3. feed sth on / feed on
4. give birth to 5. round up 6. depend on
7. all the year round 8. be delighted to
III. Function sentence:
Look out! Be careful! Take care! Don’t do…. Never do….
You’d better not do… You can’t/mustn’t If you…, you’ll
You are not allowed to…
Grammar: Review the predicate
主语＋系动词＋表语（名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，过去分词，现在分词，介词短语，不定式，从句）
IV. Language points:
1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories.
Verb phrases:
be made up of, make up one’s mind, catch up with, put up with, come up with，be fed up with（对……产生厌倦）
Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases as above.
(1)I will not _________________ your rudeness any longer.
(2)You have to work hard in order to ________________ the rest of the class.
(3)A car is _______________ of many different spare parts.
(4)She _____________________the new suggestion that we can go to Australia for holiday.
(5)Chinese explorers have ________________________ to conquer the South Poles.
(6)People get ________________________ anyone who likes to complain.
Keys:
(1)put up with (2)catch up with (3)made up (4)came up with
(5)made up their mind (6)fed up with
2. Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities,….
当 while 充当连词时, （有时可用省略句）有以下词义：
a. during time that b. although
c. whereas (而，表示对比)
完成下列句子
(1)Never call anybody___________________________________.(你开车期间)
(2)The job is easy for an expert, _____________________________.(而对没有经验的人却很难)
(3) __________________________________, he is not liked.(虽然那位教授受到尊敬，但不受欢迎。)
keys:
(1)while you are driving (2)while it is difficult for an inexperienced person
(3)while the professor is respected
3. Her eldest son has been away from home ever since the war broke out.
与break 常用搭配词组
break away from 摆脱， 脱离 break out 爆发， 突然发生
break up结束，散会，解散，中断 break down机器坏了，身体垮了，中断
break off突然暂停 break into强行进入，突然开始
Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases as above.
(1)The people ______________________________(开始欢呼起来) when they heard the news that we won the bid for the 29th Olympic Games 2008.
(2)They called out police to ______________________（解散）demonstrators with tear gas.
(3)The Super Girl Contest ________________________ （突然中断）when the wire was cut off.
(4)Modern music ___________________________（脱离）the 18-century rules.
(5)They rushed over to help the old man whose car had _______________________（坏了）.
(6)School often _____________________（放假）in July.
Keys:
(1)broke into cheers (2)break up (3)broke off (4)has broken away
(5) broken down (6)breaks up
4. Australia is the only country in the world that covers an entire continent.
cover:
(1)覆盖 (put sth over sth) (2)走完（to travel particular distance一段路程）
(3)够付费用(pay for) (4)谈到，涉及(deal with, include)
(5)有多少面积(to spread over an area) (6)报道（to report news）
(1)His medical expense was covered by charity fund.
(2)Their studies cover a field of ecology.
(3)China stretches across a vast area covering the cold, temperate and tropical zone.
(4)They covered the distance to the place at a run.
(5)Many foreign news agencies were sent to China to cover 4th round of textile talks.
Keys: (3)，(4)，(5)，(2)，(6)
5. Many Aborigines and Islanders were moved and had their land taken away from them.
a. 遭遇/受某事
My mother ______________________________（手被烫了） when she was cooking.
_____________________________________ on the bus yesterday.
（他昨天在公共汽车上钱被偷了）
b. 让别人做某事
Our computer doesn’t work. _______________________________. (我只好找人检修一下)
Keys:
a. had her hands burned He had his money stolen
b. I’ll have it repaired/checked
6. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
As a consequence, As a result,
As 这个词用法很多，且经常出现，有必要单独提出来总结一下。
(1)As 在作介词，“像 … ”，“以….. 身份”或 “作为 …. ”， “当作….. ”
Yang Li-wei is better known all over China _______________________（作为一名优秀的宇航员）.
Key: as an excellent astronomer
(2)As作副词，表示同等程度，数量，质量等作“一样地”解释。
I sat there ______________________________. (尽可能安静)
Key: as quietly as I could
(3)作关系代词
a. 用于“ the same…as”, “ such….as” 的句型中，可以引导限制定语从句。
Such _________________________Hurricane Katrina in Gulf of Mexico were taken to hospital immediately.(在卡特里娜飓风中活下来的人)
Key: people as survived
b. as 可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，在句中位置较灵活。
As you know, the height of Qomolangma has decreased because of global warming.
Water, ___________________________（地球人都知道）is a liquid.
Key: as everybody knows
类似的结构有：as everybody knows, as I have said, as I am told, as might be expected, as you may have heard, …
(4) as做连词
a. 表示时间，当……时候
________________________________________(正当我们朝着车站走时)，it began to rain.
Key: As we were walking towards the bus station
b. 表示原因
She won’t be coming, _____________________________（由于我们没有邀请她）.
Key: as we didn’t invite her
c. 表示让步（语气比较弱些），注意句中的语序部分倒装。
________________________(尽管天气很冷), we continued our journey.
Key: Cold as it was
d. 表示比较
比较两个人（事物，程度等）在某方面相同用as…as，不相同not so/as…as。
He is not ____________________________ you. (他不如你聪明。)
Key: so intelligent as
As 构成的固定词组：
1. as for至于 2. as a result of…由于的结果 3. as above/follow如上/下
4. as well也 5. as it is, as it was事实上，按现状
6. as if/though好像 7. as long as只要 8. as soon as一……就……
9. as a result 因此 10. as usual如同平常 11. as a whole就整体来讲
12. as well as以及
【模拟试题】
I.
1. Fill in the blanks with the phrases mentioned__________________________.（如上）
2. Geology is the science of the earth ______________________________.（就整体来讲）
3.Several people were killed ___________________________ the storm. （由于）
4. Janet ____________________Mary_____________ here.（以及）
5. You may use the room as you like, _____________you clean it up afterwards.（只要）
6. Only a week after the fire in the store, it was doing business _______________.（如同平常）
7. ___________________, give me freedom, or give me death.（至于我）
8. I thought conditions would get better, but _______________, they were getting worse.（事实上）
9. ______________________, we need to take measures to prevent coal mine disasters.（因此）
10.The food tastes ____________ it has already gone sour. （好像）
11. Please take this book ____________.（也）
II. Cloze
To an untrained eye, a fossilized bone (骨化石) doesn’t__1__ much of a story. Scientists, on the other hand, can find the ___2___of a fossil. They can also find out a lot of things about ___3____the animal lived and died. Now, they can even __4___ about the place where the fossil formed.
Geologists have found __ 5___ to determine the kind of soil that fossils came from, even when the __6__are millions of years old and are far from their place. They do this by ____7___ atoms of certain known as “rare earths”(稀有金属物).
The bodies of living animals contain little amounts of ___8__ elements. When an animal dies and is covered by mud or dirt, its bones __9__ collect rare earths from the ___10___. This can take up to 30,000 years. Then the fossil holds a record of the soil of that time. The rare earths ___11___ as a sort of fingerprint.
Different soils may ___12___ different amounts of various rare earth elements. By ___13___ a fossil’s rare earth composition with that of different soils, it’s ___14___ to find the type of soil and possibly __15__ the fossil came from.
Scientists hope that the new method will help them learn more about the ecology of ancient times. ___16__, researchers were able to figure out __17__ certain animals, whose fossils were from different parts of the Badlands National Park in America, __18___in ancient flood plains or in lakes.
If the soil is different from one place to __19___, this method might also help law officials catch people who steal fossils from__20___areas.
Every bone has a story to tell. We’re now one step closer to understanding what they have to say.
1. A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk
2. A. year B. time C. age D. date
3. A. what B. when C. where D. how
4. A. find B. learn C. worry D. knock
5. A. a body B. a way C. a truth D. a method
6. A. histories B. earths C. waters D. fossils
7. A. looking into B. looking for C. looking after D. looking up
8. A. usual-earth B. rare-earth C. mud-earth D. dirty-earth
9. A. generally B. slowly C. gradually D. quickly
10. A. soil B. animal C. land D. globe
11. A. do B. know C. show D. serve
12. A. make B. contain C. take D. hold
13. A. combining B. connecting C. comparing D. dealing
14. A. certain B. possible C. true D. sure
15. A. where B. when C. why D. what
16. A. That is to say B. For example C. If so D. To begin with
17. A. if B. that C. whether D./
18. A. were hidden B. were carried C. were rushed D. were buried
19. A. the others B. others C. another D. one
20. A. protecting B. unprotected C. protected D. unprotect
III. Reading Comprehension
In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to the place where they were born, where they were revived (gain life again), and where they were renewed. The Athens 2004 Olympic Games were more than a chance to take part in the greatest celebration of people in general. They were a chance to be part of a story that was as old as history itself. And when it came to making history, there was really no place like home.
Torch relays
The torch (火炬) relay started out as a religious ritual (仪式), but later it became a race of little importance for young people. It was held at night. Later, it became one of the most popular team events. The torch, the flame, and all the other historic, festive, and symbolic things were introduced into Greece in 1896.It was part of the cultural program for the Olympic Games. The 1896 torch relay was held on the seventh day of the Games on Athinas Street at nine o’clock in the evening. It went with music. The people taking part in the event were of all ages and callings(**). They were riders, police, university students, school children, and business people. Sacred flame unites the world. Athens 2004 organizers announced a global Olympic torch relay that, for the first time, reached all five continents.
The sacred(神圣) flame of the Olympic Games traveled farther than ever before. It followed a route through 27 countries and 34 cities. Traveling an average of 48 km per day, the flame was carried by over 3,600 torchbearers(***). Planes, ships, cars, bicycles, and even wheelchairs were part of the journey. For the first time, it passed through all former Summer Olympic host cities and all of the continents represented by the rings of the Olympic Games logo (徽标) — The Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania. This year’s torch relay covered a distance of more than 77,000 km, crossing through 37 time zones including Istanbul and Cape Town. It was watched by 260 million people as it promoted the message, “the flame that unites the world.” “The ancient and modern symbols of the flame — the values of peace, truce (休战), security, brotherhood, cooperation — are more relevant (相关) today than ever,” said the head of the Athens Organizing Committee.
1. The first paragraph mainly tells us about________.
A. the Athens 2004 Olympic Games provides us another chance to know more about the Olympic Games
B. the Athens 2004 Olympic Games provides us both chance to celebrate and to know more about its stories as well as its old history
C. 2004 Olympic Games was held in Athens where the Olympic Games were born
D. 2004 Olympic Games was held in Athens where the Olympic Games were revived and renewed
2. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?
A. The torch relay started out as a religious ritual which all ages and callings took part in.
B. The torch relay became an important race for young people later.
C. The torch relay became one of the most popular team events which was part of the cultural program for Olympic Games later.
D. In 1896, the athletes took part in the torch relay event on the seventh day of the Games on Athinas Street at nine o’clock in the evening.
3. What can we refer from the third paragraph?
A. More and more people will like to watch Olympic Games on TV.
B. The torch relay was only carried and passed through the host cities.
C. More and more people will give much more attention to Olympic Games and the torch relay will traveled farther in the future.
D. The torch relay covered a distance of more that 77,000km, which make people know each other.
4. What does “torchbearers” refer to?
A. It refers to the person who travels around the world.
B. It refers to the people who does business.
C. It refers to the person who works on the plane like a pilot.
D. It refers to the person who carried torch relay.
5. What is the best title of for this passage?
A. The Importance of Olympic Torch Relays B. The Olympic Games Returned Home
C. The Sacred Flame United the world D. The History of Olympic Games
IV. The salmon***********324
The salmon (**) is one of our most valuable fish. It gives us food and money. Every year, commercial (商业) fishing results in a harvest of over a billion pounds of salmon from the sea. Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager sports fishers.
In autumn, the rivers of the northwestern United States come alive with salmon. They have left the ocean on their yearly run upriver to produce eggs. Yet today, there are far fewer salmon in the Northwest and elsewhere than ever before. That is because the salmon population suffers from many dangers of the modern age.
Water pollution has killed many salmon by taking away the oxygen. Over-fishing has further reduced their numbers. Dams are another danger because they block the ways that the salmon move from one place to another. “Fish ladders”, almost like stairs, have been built so that salmon can swim safely over the dams. But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble finding the ladders. They often fall to their deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric (水电) turbines (漩涡).
To fill the salmon supply, people have turned to fish farming, or aquaculture . Farm-raised salmon are Atlantic salmon. Most of them are raised in the United States, Canada, Scotland, and Norway. In a typical salmon farm, the fish remain in the places where they produce eggs until they are eight inches in length. Then they are moved to large net cages by the coast. There they are fed a diet of fish meal until they reach the size of eight pounds after about 18 months.
Aquaculture is one of the world’s fastest growing food industries. It is replacing commercial fishing in many places and is reducing the price of salmon to about a third of its earlier price. The other benefit of aquaculture is that it is allowing the wild salmon population to recover. About a quarter of a million more salmon returned to their home rivers to produce eggs each year in the mid-1990s.
1. Which following can reduce the number of the salmon except _______?
A. water pollution B. over-fishing C. building dams D. fish farming
2. The young salmons died because_________.
A. They cannot swim over the dam to find ocean
B. They are often killed in giant hydroelectric turbines
C. They have difficulty finding the dams when they swim to the ocean
D. They were caught each year by sports fishers
3. What does the word “ aquaculture” mean according to the passage?
A. It means the fastest growing food industries
B. It means farm-raised salmon
C. It means a kind of culture with water
D. It means raising fish in any farms
4. What is the right procedure of raising salmon based on your reading?
①Put salmons in a place where they produce eggs
②Wait until they grow eight inches in length.
③They grow the size of eight pounds.
④They are fed a diet of fish meal.
⑤They are moved to large net cages by the coast
A. ①②③④⑤ B. ①②⑤④③
C. ④⑤①②③ D. ②⑤④③①
5. What can we refer from the last paragraph?
A. Aquaculture has reduced the price of salmon to about of its earlier price.
B. Aquaculture is replacing commercial fishing in many places.
C. Aquaculture benefits the wild salmon population to recover.
D. Aquaculture benefits the ecosystem of the salmon and promote the development of food industry.
【试题答案】
I. 1. as above 2. as a whole 3. as a result of 4. as well as… is 5. as long as
6. as usual 7. As for me(As far as I am concerned) 8. as it was 9. As a result
10. as if 11. as well
II. 1—5 B C D B B 6—10 D A B C A 11—15 D B C B A 16—20 B C D C C
答案讲解
1. 此题选B，此题在考speak，tell，say，talk之间辨析及对文章的理解。另外可在文章最后得到启示 “Every bone has a story to tell.”
2. 此题选C，通常人们研究骨化石的年限，age有年纪，年龄之意。
3. 此题选D，与上文相连，同时也了解到动物的生死方式。
4. 此题选B，固定搭配learn about，表示了解到。
5. 此题选B，找到一种方法，a method 表示a way of doing sth。通常用the method of.
6. 此题选D，根据上文the kind of soil that fossils came from。
7. 此题选A，寻找atoms of certain known as “rare earths”(稀有金属物)。A 选项为调查研究。
8. 此题选B，根据上下文“rare earths”(稀有金属物)。
9. 此题选C，collect rare earths 是一个漫长逐渐的过程，从下文也谈到要花30，000年，slowly 强调动作，行为较慢。
10. 此题选A，根据下文。
11. 此题选D，serve as 在此表示从起……作用/充当……角色，其它搭配不合理。
12. 此题选B，根据上一段的第八空。
13. 此题选C，通过比较稀有金属物的结构与不同土壤的结构才有可能发现这种土壤及化石的来源地，A、B为结合，联系起来。D表示对付，处理。
14. 此题选B，根据13 之意， 强调一种可能性。
15. 此题选A，此处省略了 “find”, where the fossil come from在宾语从句中此处缺状语。
16. 此题选B，用具体实例来证明前一句的观点：骨化石能帮助人们更多了解古时的生态。A选项通常为解释前一句话，有强调之意，“也就是说”。
17. 此题选C，whether… or 常用搭配，“if”引导宾语从句，通常其之前不接介词。
18. 此题选D，化石通常被埋葬在地下，C选项即使被洪水冲刷到某地最后也会被埋葬，A 选项是有意行为。
19. 此题选C，one place to another= one place to another place，常用搭配。
20. 此题选C，根据文中之意。
III.
1. 正确答案B
此题属于归纳总结题，A项有点接近答案，和C，D一样都属于概括信息点不全，文章第一段主要谈到2004奥运会，不仅给人们提供了庆祝的机会而且也让人们更多了解奥运会的历史及故事，因为雅典既是承办城市又是发源地。
2. 此题答案C
属阅读细节题， A 意思是火炬接力赛针对不同阶层和不同年龄的人，且以已一种宗教仪式开始。
B 火炬接力赛后来成为年轻人的一项比赛。
C 火炬接力赛后来成为受欢迎的集体项目，也是奥运会文化项目的一部分。
D 1896 年晚上九点也就是奥运会的第七天，运动员们参加了火炬接力赛。
3. 此题选C
4. 此题选D
此题属推理判断题猜词，强调了持火炬的人，其它信息属错误信息。
5. 答案选C
归纳总结题，A选项属相关答案干扰，此篇文章不是主要谈奥运火炬的重要性，也不是在谈奥运火炬的历史，而是在强调奥运圣火把整个世界联系起来。
IV.
1. 答案选D
考查阅读细节类型，意思是发展养殖渔业，其它选项都是减少大马哈鱼的主要原因。
2. 答案选C
此题属细节题，在文章能直接找答案，根据But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble finding the ladders.这是最主要原因，其它选项都因此引起。
3. 答案为B
判断并猜词，根据文章People have turned to fish farming，or aquaculture . Farm-raised salmon are Atlantic salmon. 即水产养殖主要指大马哈鱼养殖。
4. 答案选B
详情阅读倒数第二段。
5. 选D
考查对文章主旨的理解，其它信息是文中直接，并且概括不全，D选项基本概括了其它三项信息。