Unit 6 Going west
1. I don’t lose heart when I fail to do something.
lose heart 灰心，丧气 lose one’s heart to 爱上
lose face 丢脸 lose one’s temper 发脾气
lose one’s way 迷路 lose sight of 看不见；忘记，忽略
lose one’s weight 减轻体重 lose touch （contact） with 和……失去联系
lose oneself in 迷上，陷入 （lost in thought 陷入沉思）
Ex. Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases.
（1）I watched the plane go higher and higher until I__________________ of it.
（2）John’s careless work made him _____________with his boss.
（3）Bill ______________to the brand new car the first time he saw it.
（4）After Jones moved to the west coast, we _________________him.
（5）The doctor suggested Mike __________________immediately, otherwise he will get heart disease.
（6）Harry would _________________an interesting book for the whole afternoon.
2. You are great! keep up the good work.
keep up 保持，维持 keep an eye on 瞧着点儿，照看
keep away （from） 避开，不接近 keep doing sth. 继续做某事
keep in mind 记住 keep in touch with 和……保持联系
keep off 使避开，使不要 keep out 使进不去，抵挡
keep up with 跟上，了解（最新发展）
Ex. Complete the sentences with the proper phrases
（1）Put on the coat. It can _______________the cold outside.
（2）________________on the stove in case the coffee boils.
（3）The only way to get your weight down is ___________all the fattening foods.
（4）Julie is one of those women who always ______________the latest fashion.
（5）The hurricane _________for several days and left a terrible destruction across the area.
（6）Teenagers should _____________tobacco and alcohol.
（7）You have to be home by 11 o’clock. ______that__________, Bob.
3. This account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave him the idea to move there.
beyond 有以下几种意思：
a）on or to the other side of 在……的另一边
b）later than （时间）超过 （通常用于否定句）
c）much more than, outside the limits of 程度超出，为……所不及
d）besides, except 除……以外
e）beyond sb.=impossible for sb. to understand
Ex. Choose the exact meaning of the following sentences.
He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control. （ ）
Why she wants to go and live there is beyond me. （ ）
I can’t see anything beyond the river because of the fog. （ ）
Don’t stay out beyond 10 o’clock at night. （ ）
I didn’t notice anything beyond his accent. （ ）
4. You are doing fine. You will do better if you take it easy.
take it easy 别紧张，放松 take a chance/risk 碰碰运气，冒……风险
take a seat 坐下 take a step/measure 采取行动或措施
take an interest in 对……感兴趣 take a deep/long breath 深吸口气
take action （on） （对……）采取行动 take one’s place 代替某人的工作
take advantage of 利用 take into consideration 加以考虑
take notice of 注意 take for granted 认为是理所当然的
take charge （of） 负责，接管 take effect 起作用，生效
Ex. Choose the best phrases to fill in the blanks
（1）The salesman _________________ and started his talk.
（2）Rock-climbing is an activity in which more and more young people are________.
（3）Jean always _______________the lunch hour to finish her homework.
（4）I don’t think I will get the job but I am willing to ______________and ask for it.
（5）He will _______________in the football time because I shall be absent.
（6）The two boys were talking together in the back of the room but the teacher ________________them.
（7）Bob is a natural leader, and can ______________in any emergency.
（8）It is terrible that some children ___________________all that their parents do for them.
（9）I had been working so hard for several weeks, that I decided to ______________and relax over the weekends.
（10）The host asked me to come in and ________________.
（11）The government has already __________________to protect the environment.
（12）It was nearly an hour before the medicine_______________.
（13）How much time will we need to get to the lake? You have to ________the bad road _________________.
Answer：
1. lost sight lose face lost his heart lost touch with
should lose his weight lose himself in
2. keep out Keep an eye to keep off/to keep away from
keep up with kept up keep away from keep…in mind
3. c e a b d
4. took a deep breath taking an interest takes advantage of
take a chance take my place took no notice of
take charge take for granted take it easy take a seat
taken action took effect take…into consideration
【模拟试题】
I. 单项选择
1. After a fierce budget, the buyer and the seller _____________________.
A. come to an end B. come to a conclusion
C. come to an agreement D. come to a decision
2. The little boy was saved at last. Now he is ________________the reach of danger.
A. beyond B. in C. to D. under
3. The hurricane _________for several days, which left a terrible sight across the west coast.
A. kept to B. kept away C. kept back D. kept up
4. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ___________.
A. badly B. hardly C strongly D. heavily
5. Some one called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up __________I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
6. ______________again and again but he didn’t tell me the truth.
A. Having been asked B. He was asked
C. Asking him D. Though he was asked
7. ---Oh, it’s you! I didn’t recognize you.
---I ____________my hair cut, and I__________ new glass.
A. had; was wearing B. have had; am wearing
C. had; wore D. have had; wear
8. Carol said the work would be done by October, __________personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
9. All the cars __________ nowadays are equipped with safety belts.
A. produced B. to be produced C. producing D. having produced
10. ---Hi, Jim. Could I use your computer?
---_________________.
A. Of course you could B. Sure. Go ahead
C. Sorry, you may not D. No, you mustn’t
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. His ______________ on Mt. Mckinley hasn’t yet been confirmed. (survive)
2. After walking for 3 hours, I really felt _____________. (thirst)
3. His safety was a great ___________ to me when I heard the news of the air crash. (anxious)
4. She told the boss she was_______________. (quit)
5. He looked to be the _____________ of all the challengers. (tough)
III. 完型填空
The life of a cowboy was not always, of course, as romantic as Holleywood showed it. It was often ____1____ hard. The cowboy had to ___2___his herd (牲口群) from the dangers of ___3____animals and thieves, from snowstorms, tornadoes, and desert sunstroke(日射). He ___4____broken bones and being kicked or dragged ____5____death. He often had no companion ___6____his horse during days and nights of lonely keeping ___7____of his herd . And yet ___8____principle of living, ____9____permitted a kind of rough and tough manner, allowed ___10____complaining. The cowboy was ____11____person who had great self-control, who could ___12____pain and discomfort ____13____ complaint and was very proud, “an aristocrat (贵族) among the working men of the Old West.”
Today’s cowboy had ___14_____. His faithful companion and most valuable tool, ___15____, has been replaced by the automobile, the jeep, and ____16___the airplane; his way of dressing has been simplified, replaced by jeans and nylon shirts. ___17____ his traditional ____18____is still being preserved. In folk festivals throughout the ____19____, adventure-seekers can ___20____ thrill(感受刺激) to the spectacle and dangers of saddling wild horses, riding bareback, roping and wrestling bulls.
1. A. slightly B. bitterly C. mildly D. strangely
2. A. preserve B. protest C. protect D. present
3. A. natural B. wild C. primitive D. native
4. A. risked B. faced C. experienced D. felt
5. A. to B. upon C. from D. with
6. A. but B. besides C. and D. except that
7. A. notice B. look C. sight D. watch
8. A. their B. its C. one’s D. his
9. A. which B. that C. what D. who
10. A. any B. no C. some D. much
11. A. seldom B. always C. never D. continuously
12. A. concern B. bear C. operate D. enjoy
13. A. beyond B. without C. with D. out of
14. A. forgotten B. kept C. modernized D. replaced
15. A. horse B. herd C. cow D. wild animals
16. A. ever B. still C. even D. once
17. A. And B. But C. Or D. So
18. A. appearance B. picture C. illustration D. image
19. A. South B. East C. North D. West
20. A. already B. still C. nearly D. ever
IV. 阅读理解
A
Each Indian tribe had a different language. Many Indians never learned any language except their own. Do you know how Indians from different tribes talked to each other? They had two ways to talk without sound. One way was by sign language; another way by signals.
Sign language is a way of talking by using signs. Indians used sign language when they met strangers. In this way, they could find out whether the stranger was a friend or an enemy. In Indian sign language, signs were made with the hands. One sign meant “man”. Another meant “horse”. To tell the time of day when something happened, an Indian pointed to the sky. He showed where the sun had been at the time.
Indians usually used signals when they wanted to send messages to someone far away. To make signals, an Indian might use a pony(小马). He might use a blanket. Or he might use smoke, a mirror or fire arrows.
To signal that he had seen many animals, an Indian rode his pony in a large circle. Sometimes the Indian gave a signal like this and then went away to hide. This meant that there was danger.
The blanket signal was visible from far away. An Indian held the corners of a blanket in his hands. Then he began to swing the blanket from side to side in front of him. An Indian could send many different signals with his blanket. He could also send many signals with a mirror. He usually used the mirror to warn someone of danger. Of course, mirrors could be used only when the sun was shining. At night, Indians used fire arrows for signaling.
Now you can see that Indians didn’t need to learn each other’s language. They could talk to one another by using signals or sign language.
1. The story tells about ____________________.
A. people living in Indian
B. the Indians who had many kinds of languages
C. the Indians who didn’t use their languages
D. how Indians communicated between different tribes
2. Sign language is _________________.
A. a language only for Indians
B. a way to express one’s ideas by making gestures
C. a way of talking by signing on paper
D. a secret way of talking to strangers
3. Which of the following is true?
A. When an Indian wanted to say “man”, he pointed to himself.
B. When an Indian wanted to say “horse”, he rode his horse.
C. When an Indian wanted to say “sun”, he pointed to the sky.
D. Indians used sign language to find out whether a stranger was a friend or an enemy.
4. Blanket signals ________________.
A. could be seen at night
B. could be seen from far away
C. were used only for warning
D. were considered the best way of sending messages
5. Indians didn’t need to learn each other’s language because__________.
A. they never met each other
B. they could use signals or sign language
C. they could write messages
D. they thought they could easily make themselves understood
B
Why do people wear uniforms? Athletes distinguish themselves with team colors and special emblems(标志). Often, doctors, dentists, and nurses wear white to depict cleanliness. Hard hats and steel-toed boots protect construction workers from accidents with heavy equipment. Even the American cowboy of the late 1800s wore a type of uniform; clothing that was practical and able to meet the demands of his tough job.
One of the most important accessories(装备) in the cowboy’s wardrobe was his wide-brimmed hat. It kept him cool in the hot sun. His hat also came in handy when shooting away flies and other insects, fanning fires, and dipping into water for a cool drink. Most cowboys wore their hats at all times: indoors, at the dinner table, while they danced, and even to bed. It became a symbol of the cowboy’s life.
The most expensive items in a cowboy’s “uniform” were his boots. They were essential for safe riding. The tapered shape of the boot prevented the cowboy’s foot from getting stuck if he fell from his horse. The high heel kept the cowboy’s foot from slipping in the stirrup while he was riding. Because of the costliness of these essential items, the cowboy chose to ride, walk, and even sleep in his boots.
Fastened to the back of each boot were spurs, devices used to jab a horse to urge it to go faster. Spurs were not intended to injure a horse. In fact, good riders filed them down for the safety of both horse and rider.
A cowboy’s life was filled with hard work, adventure, and danger. His uniform helped him to do his job well.
1. How many types of people are mentioned in the first paragraph of the passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
2. What items in a cowboy’s uniform are described in the passage?
A. Emblems. B. Belt. C. Hat and boots. D. Trousers.
3. A cowboy’s hat was used for all the following purposes EXCEPT ___________.
A. providing shade B. looking smart
C. protecting himself D. drinking water
4. Which of the following is the most suitable topic of the passage?
A. Why People Wear Uniforms B. The Beauty of Uniforms
C. Uniforms of All Types D. A Cowboy’s Life
C
Amtrak（美国铁路客运公司）was experiencing a downswing in ridership（客运量）along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining（下降）significantly.
At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America’s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDS Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west.
Two portions（部分）of the total market were targeted: 1）anxious fliers-those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2）travel-lovers-those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed（描述）western train trips as wonderful adventures.
Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of the trains （Empire Builder, etc）. These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15% increase in profits（利润） on its Chicago to Seattle route.
1. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience.
B. To stress the influence of the automobile on America’s standard of convenience.
C. To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion. (提升)
D. To illustrate (说明) the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that______________.
A. trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation
B. trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation
C. trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to be
D. trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience
3. To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized____________.
A. the freedom and convenience provided on trains
B. the practical parts of train travel
C. the adventurous parts of train trips
D. the safety and cleanliness of train trips
4. The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because_______________.
A. they could focus on meaningful travel experiences
B. they could increase effectiveness of the TV programs
C. their profits could be increased by some 15%
D. most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences
V. 写作训练
假如你叫王林，你的美国朋友Kitty读报时看到一则关于 Developing Central and Western China 的报道，写信向你询问有关情况。请根据下面信息写一封回信。
主要概况：
范围：11个省、自治区(autonomous region)和一个直辖市(municipality)
面积：540 万平方公里
人口：2.85 亿
实施要点：
交通建设：修建多条公、铁路
环境保护：退耕还林，防治污染
资源利用：开发利用其丰富的天然资源（resource)
人才引进：广纳各类专家，技术人员
注意：
1. 文章须包括所有要点和提示
2. 信的开头和结尾已给出
3. 词数100左右
Dear Kitty,
I’m glad to hear from you and learn that you’re interested in knowing more about China. The Chinese government has recently decided to develop central and western China.
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
As a result of the great project, central and western regions of China will surely achieve better and faster development in the new century. We have every reason to believe that the development will be a great success.
If you want to know more, please let me know.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Wang Lin
【试题答案】
I. 单项选择
1. C 2.A 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. survival 2. thirsty 3. anxiety 4. quitting 5. most tough
III. 完型填空
1---5 BCBAA 6---10 ADDAB 11---15 BBBCA
16---20 CBDDB
IV. 阅读理解
A 1.D 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B
B 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
C 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D
V. 写作训练
This part of China includes 11 provinces and autonomous regions and 1 municipality , covering an area of 5.4 million square kilometers with a population of 2.85 million.
Measures are being taken to ensure the development of this area. First, the government will pay special attention to its transportation. Some highways and railways will be built soon. Second, in order to protect the nature, farmers will return farmland to forest. Meanwhile , measures should be taken to protect the environment from being polluted. Third, Western China is rich in resources, which can be exploited and made full use of . At last, to meet the need of the development, all kinds of experts and skilled workers are to be brought in.