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牛津英语5A英语语法(二)名词复数的规则变化牛津英语

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牛津英语5A英语语法(二)名词复数的规则变化

情况

构成方法

读音

例词

一般情况

加s

清辅音后读/s/
浊辅音后和元音后读/z/

map-maps
car-cars

以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾

加es

读/iz/

box-boxes
class-classes

以ce,se,ze 等结尾

加s

读/iz/

license-licenses

以辅音字母+y 结尾

变y 为i 再加es

读/iz/

baby-babies

二.其他复数的规则变化

1) 以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如: the Henrys’ monkey---monkeys

2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:

  a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos

  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

  c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes. 

3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:

  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs

  b. 去掉f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives

  c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves.

三.名词复数的不规则变化 

1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth注意::由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans.

2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair;suit; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼. 

四.不可数名词对量的表示 

1)物质名词

  a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。

  比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)

     These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)

  b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:

   This factory produces steel. (不可数)

   We need various steels. (可数)

  c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:

   Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

   Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。

2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:

  four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化

  物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。

练习题

1.Would you give me________, please?

 A.two papers  B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper  D.two pieces of papers

2.There are three_____and seven____in the picture.

 A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps

3.A lot of____are talking with two_______.

 A.Germans,Frenchmans  B.Germen,Frenchmans  C.German, Frenchmen  D.Germans,Frenchmen

4.__________people went out to see what had happened.

 A. Thousands of  B.Three thousand of  C.Thousand of  D.Three thousands

5.We have been in the school for______.

 A.three and a half month B.three and a half months C.three month and a half D.three month and halves

6._____English is_____useful language.

 A. A, an  B. /, a  C. The, an  D. A , /

7.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

 A. women doctors  B. women doctor C. woman doctors  D. woman doctor

8.______ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.

 A. A little mail  B. A piece of mail  C. A mail  D. A small mail

9. He told me _____ would come to his birthday party.

 A. many Jack friends  B. Jack’s many friends C. many Jack’s friend  D. many friends of Jack’s

10.Our teacher gave me ______.

 A. an advice B. the advice  C. some advice D. much advice

答案:1.C  2.B  3.D  4.A  5. B  6.B  7.A  8.B  9.D  10.C