Unit 14 Roots
一. 课文理解
【课文预习】
1．What did Kunta wonder?
2．How was he treated?
3．What did he see and hear in darkness?
4．How had he been seized and what shocked him most?
5．What did he do then?
6．What happened to him next?
7．What shocked Kunta and what did he wonder?
8．What had he known before?
9．What did he think about the situation?
10．What happened one day?
11．How long did the sea journey last?
12．What did he find when the ship finally arrived?
【答疑解惑】
句子分析
1．The men took him in their boat to the castle on the coast where he was now held prisoner.
hold 在此译为:扣押.
例如：He was held in the hands of the Japanese army.
prisoner 在此做主语补足语. 主语补足语一般是句子变为被动之后,原来的宾语补足语成为了现在句子结构中的主语补足语了.
例如：
He was seen reading a book under the tree when the clock struck twelve.
They were kept waiting outside in the rain for a long time.
He was elected monitor of our class.
The lights were found on when we passed by the room.
They were kept in the dark room.
He was made angry again at the news.
They were made disappointed at his son’s not coming back home.
2．The moment he reached the country, he started his search.
the moment (that) 一．．．．．．就．．．．．．， 引导时间状语从句．
例如：
The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope of finding out the fact.
表示同样意思的短语还有：
immediately , the minute, directly, as soon as, had hardly …when, had no sooner…than 等．
语言重点
1．Born a free man, he was now in chains.
in chains 带着镣铐; 受到束缚.
例如:
The prisoners were put in chains.
2．One man had a head wound and was in pain.
in pain 疼痛, 痛苦.
例如:
I’m wounded and in pain.
3．Kunta had been seized in the forest and then hit on the head with a hard object.
seize (突然) 抓住.
例如:
The cat seized the bird and ran away.
4．He reasoned with them and tried to persuade them to set him free.
reason在此译为 “讲道理”, 在此为不及物动词.
例如:
He will not reason, he just makes wild statements.
set sb. free 放掉某人, 释放某人.
例如:
They finally set free all the prisons of war and they all went home happily.
5．Many of the men fell sick with fever.
with 在此表示原因的概念.
例如:
It is white with snow.
He was tired with her speech at the meeting.
Her eyes shone with pleasure.
His nose ran red with cold.
6．There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley.
a journalist and writer 是一个人
a journalist and a writer是两个人
living in America whose name is Alex Haley 是 v+ing 形式作定语, 修饰a journalist
and writer, 起作用相当于定语从句.
7．On his arrival he was sold to a farmer and worked in the fields.
on his arrival 在他到达之际
on接v +ing的形式或接名词均可以表示在……时, 在……之后.
例如:
On reaching the city he called up his wife to pick him up at the airport.
On his return from Europe, he set to work at once.
8．His newspaper provided him with some money in order that he might travel to Gambia for his research.
provide…with…给……提供.
例如:
They provided him with money, clothing and some other necessities.
in order that以便（后接目的状语从句＝so that所引导的目的状语从句）．
例如：
I lent him $ 500 in order that he might go for a holiday.
9．All the stories of families, heroes, wars and journeys are passed down from generation to generation.
pass down 表示“传下来”的意思．
例如：
The skill has been passed down over four generations.
二. 语法详释
【要点归纳】it 的用法
it 在句中作用多样繁杂，仅就常用的几种简述如下：
1．代替刚刚提到的事物：
What’s this? It’s a book.
2．起指示代词的作用，指代一个人或物．
Who is knocking at the door? It’s me.
3．做虚主语，没有实际意义，指天气，时间，温度，距离，潮汐，环境，现状等．
如：
It’s hot. It’s eight o’clock.
It’s raining. It’s noisy outside.
另外可以和since连用：
It’s three years since we last met in Tianjin.
It was long since they had visited that computer factory.
与say连用:
It says there was a big fire in Hove. 听说霍夫有一场大火．
与take连用：
It takes us half an hour to get to the railway station.
此外还有：It doesn’t matter. It is no use.
4．“It（形式主语）+谓语+主语从句”句型提要
（1）如果从句为主语的句子是疑问句，那就必须采用由it作为形式主语和句型结构。
例如：
误：Is that he told her everything probable? 正：Is it probable that he told her everything?
（2）it作为形式主语的句型有下列不同的搭配关系。如下表所示：
搭配关系
举例: It + be +形容词+主语从句
It is certain that William will do well in the exam.
It is impossible that we (should) do two things at the same time.
当表语是important, necessary, strange等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟结构
It + be + 名词词组+主语从句 It is a pity that we can’t go.
It is a pity that he should refuse to accept the offer.
当结构表示惊奇、惋惜等感情色彩，通常在that分句中用虚拟语气
It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句 It is said that he has been in prison for two months.
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English.
当it结构中的“be + 过去分词”中的过去分词是suggested, ordered, demanded等表示建议、命令、要求等意义的词时，that从句要用虚拟语气
It + seem (happen, etc.) +主语从句
It appears that they are in great need of food.
It happened that I had had some experiences in dealing with him.
作形式主语代替不定式或v+ing形式及主语从句．
It’s pleasant to lie in the sun. (To lie in the sun is pleasant.)
It’s pleasing lying in the sun. (Lying in the sun is pleasant.)
It’s a shame that Tom is not here. (That Tom isn’t here is a shame.)
5．作形式宾语代替不定式，V+ing形式或以that, whether / if引导的名词性从句，它们通常放在宾语补足语后面．这是宾语补足语通常是一个名词或形容词，而句子谓语常常是：believe, consider, feel, find, guess, imagine, know, think, suppose 等．
例如：
He found it important to study the situation in China.
They found it impossible to keep silent any longer.
He thought it a rule to do morning exercises every day.
They suppose it a duty to help others out of difficulties.
6．用于强调句式中，it把一个简单句或一个主从复合句分开，分成两个小句．
例如：
It was last night that I saw them in the theatre.
It is because he always gets up late that he is late for school.
It was not until the day before yesterday that they began to realize the importance of it.
【高考焦点】
1．___________ to have been rich .
A .They say B. It is said C .He is said D. He is said
如果选A，其后应接宾语从句。即：They say that he has been rich .如果选B ，其后应为主语从句。即：It is said that he has been rich .并且 “It is said that…”“据说…”这个主语从句结构可转化为单句，即：He is said to have been rich .因此答案为C。
2．________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language .(NMET95)
A . There B .This C . That D . It
选D。该题的考试目的是了解考生是否掌握it作形式主语的主语从句。 “That English is being accepted as an international language”是句子的真正主语。在英语中，为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常将较长的主语放到句尾，而将it置于句首充当逻辑主语（或称形式主语）。
3．I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work .
A .this B .that C .its D .it NMET1990
选D，此题考察引导词it作形式宾语的用法。This和 that 为 指示代词用来指代单数名词，不能用作形式宾语，故可排除A，B项C项its是所有格形式用作定语，也不符和题意。故正确答案为D。
4．I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ______.
A .it B .those C .them D .one NMET1995
选D,考察不定代词one在语境中的用法。B,C项明显不合题意。it用来代替上文提到的那个名词，不是其他同类的名词，此句中并未出现单数可数名词，提到的是glasses。所以it不合题意。one可以代替上文提到的人或物，这个人或物可以是和前面提到的名词属同一类，本题中的one指a glass和前面提到的glasses属同一类。
5．I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full. NMET1993
A. it B. that C. these D. them
选A ，在口语中多用it 指代一个前面提到的事情，这种用法很灵活，较难掌握。本题it即指代后面的宾语从句。
三. 词语探究
【重点词语讲解】
1. fix
Heavy iron chains around his feet and hands were fixed to a metal bar that ran round the hall about ten centimetres off the ground.
be fixed to 被固定在．
fix 做动词时常用于表示如下的意思:
He fixed the picture on the wall. (固定)
The chair was fixed to the floor.(固定)
Let’s fix a date for the party. Would Saturday night suit you? (确定)
We’ll fix the price if you wish.(决定)
If you want to meet them, I can fix it. (安排)
She is fixing supper right now. (做饭)
I’ll fix tea for all of you. (沏茶)
I must get the radio fixed.(修理)
此外还可以用于下列短语:
fix on 决定:
Have you fixed on a date for the party yet?
fix one’s eyes on / upon…注视……
She sat there with her eyes fixed upon the window.
They have fixed their attention on the situation in that country.
fix up 解决; 确定; 装置; 修理等.
They have fixed the matter up now. (解决)
We have fixed up a date for the dance. (确定)
We fixed him up for the evening at our house.(安排住处)
They are busy fixing up the room for her guests. (收拾)
She is fixing up the lights in her room. (安装)
2. catch
But why did the white people want to catch Africans and put them in chains?
catch作动词用时意义很广,常见意义如下:
The early birds catch the earliest worms. (抓住)
Catch the ball with your both hands. (接住)
The nail caught her dress. (钩住)
I caught my fingers in the door, (夹住)
They caught us before we reached town.（赶上）
I didn’t catch what he said just now. （听懂）
I caught a smell of burning in the room. (闻到)
I caught the cold from you. (染上)
She caught me smoking a cigarette.（撞上）
The boy knocked on the windows to catch my attention.（吸引注意力）
be caught in +自然界的现象 表示＂突然碰上，赶上＂等．例如：
He has been caught in the rain and is wet through and through.
He was caught in a traffic jam.
catch fire 着火．
例如：
The cottage caught fire last night, and he got caught in the fire.
catch hold of…抓住．．．．．．（＝get hold of）
例如：
The man caught hold of my hand and wouldn’t let me go.
They got hold of the bar and escaped being washed away.
Catch hold of the rope and I’ll pull you up.
catch sight of…望见．．．．．．
例如：
One day I was wandering in the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
I caught sight of a white gate, and a small footpath leading to the field.
catch up with… 赶上．．．．．．
例如：
I walked as fast as I could, but I just couldn’t catch up with the others.
【重点词语辨析】
once in a while ,in a short while
once in a while意为 now and then ,sometimes 即“偶尔，有时”从时态的连用上说，常与一般现在时连用。如：Tom and Maggie go to see a film once in a while .
in a short while表示的是“一会儿，不久”常与将来时连用，表示 “在不久后会…”
I am sure I’ll be back in a short while.
In a short while, all of the guests will find the big mistake they made .
wide ,widely
wide一词即可作形容词也可做副词，作副词时指（眼睛或嘴）张得很大，或与completely相同:open wide /wide open
e.g.She was wide-eyed with surprise .
wide-awake =fully awake
widely作副词使用，over a wide space or range of things 意为“广阔地,广泛地,广大地：
widely known,
e.g. He is widely read /has read widely .他博览群书。
It’s widely believed (=by many people )that the senator will lose the election .
四. 口语交际 Hope and desire
常用句型:
What are your plans for the weekend?
What are your plans for the next summer holiday?
What do you want to do when you leave school?
What kind of job would you like to get?
Which part of China would you like to visit?
What are your greatest wish / desire?
Which countries do you wish you could visit?
What do you wish you had more than anything else in the world?
口语示范: Dialogue
A: Sall, what would you like to do since the summer vacation is coming near?
B: Well, I’d like to think about it first and then talk with my parents about it?
A: I dare say, a lot of our classmates are planning to go to Guilin. They say it is a wonderful
place of interest .
B: What do you wish to do, Mary?
A: I have no idea now. But I desire to go to my hometown for a visit. I am told that
great changes have taken place there since I last went.
B: Yes, I’m thinking of that, too. I think we can do more there for the old folks back home,
and on the other hand I can enjoy the beautiful scenery there. I’m sure I can get refreshed.
A: Good for you.
五.探究性学习
【高考语法训练】
名词与冠词
一、名词所有格的几种表达方式
英语名词要注意数和格的变化。名词基本分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式。名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。主格名词在句中作主语用，宾格名词在句中作宾语。名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。名词所有格有多种形式和用法，现归纳如下：
（一）有生命名词的所有格
1．在单数名词后加“’s”。
如：Mr Li’s car, the Emperor’s new clothes, my father’s books.
2．以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。
如：the students’ exercise-books, the boys’ game
3．不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’s”。
如：men’s clothes, Children’s Day, sheep’s wool
4．以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾可加“’s”或只加“’”。但发音都发“iz”。
如：Charles’s (or Charles’) home, Engels’s (or Engels’) works
5．表示并列名词各自的所有关系时，须在各个名词后都加“’s”。
如：Tom’s and Mike’s books, America’s and England’s problems
6．表示两者共有时，只须在后一个名词词尾加“’s”。
如：Tom and Mike’s books, Li Ming and his brother’s room
7．复合名词在最后一个词的词尾上加“’s”。
如：the editor-in-chief’s office, his father-in-law’s telephone number
（二）无生命名词的所有格
（三）名词带有较多定语时，就能用of短语来表示所有关系。
如：Are you the teachers of these boys?
She is the mother of the girl playing if front of the house.
（四）“of+名词所有格“称为双重所有格
1．双重所有格表示部分观念，它所修饰的名词通常指整体中的部分或一个。
如：I went to the cinema with a friend of my brother’s.
2．在表示所属物的名词前如有不定冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词修饰时，常用双重所有格。
如：Mr Li is an old friend of my father’s.
We are interested in some new inventions of the engineer’s.
Those books of your teachers’ are very interesting and useful.
3．在无上下文的单句中，用双重所有格或of表示的所有格都可以，只是侧重不同。注意意思上的区分。
（1）He is an old friend of my uncle’s.
着重说明我叔叔有好几位朋友，他是其中之一。
（2）He is an old friend of my uncle.说明是我叔叔的老朋友，不是别人的老朋友。
（3）This is a picture of Xiao Wang’s.指小王所收藏的照片
（4）This is a picture of Xiao Wang.指小王本人的照片。
二、不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别
英语的冠词有不定冠词（a，an）和定冠词（the）两种。
（一） 不定冠词主要用于以下几种情况：
1．表示类别，或指某一类中的任何一个。
（1）My father is a professor.
（2）Please give me a pen to write with.
2．用于单数可数名词前，可表示一类。
（1）A horse is a useful animal.
（2）A computer is a machine that can store and recall information.
3．指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。
（1）Next week, we’ll visit a famous university.
（2）I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
4．和时间或表示度量衡名词连用表示“每一”。
（1）We have three meals a day.
（2）The train is running sixty miles an hour.
（二）定冠词主要用于以下几种情况：
1．表示特指或指说话人双方都知道的人或事物。
（1）The car in front of the house is Mr Green’s.
（2）Our teacher is in the office.
2．复述上文提到过的人或事物。
（1）Yesterday we saw a film. All of us were touched by the film.
（2）There will be a report this afternoon. Please be present at the report on time.
3．在序数词、形容词最高级、代表一类人或物的某些形容词前和表示方位的名词前。
（1）January is the first month of the year.
（2）Our school is one of the largest schools in Beijing.
（3）Li Ming is always the first to come, the last to leave.
（4）In the capitalist countries, the poor are oppressed and exploited.
（5）We stood at the top of a hill and saw the sun rising in the east.
4．世界上独一无二的事物前加定冠词，但在space前不加。
（1）We have friends all over the world.
（2）From space, the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe.
5．定冠词和单数可数名词连用表示某一类人或事物。
（1）The compass was invented in ancient China.
（2）The lion is the King of beasts.
6．乐器前要用定冠词。
My sister is good at playing the piano.
7．党派、阶级等名词前要用定冠词。
I joined the Party ten years ago.
8．表示江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋等前要用定冠词。
the Changjiang River, the Pacific Ocean, the Himalayas,
the Tai Mountains, the West Lake
9．以普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词。
the People’s Republic of China, the United Nations, the Great Hall of the People, the
people’s Daily the ministry of Education
10．某些习惯用语中须用定冠词。
（1）in the morning (afternoon, evening, daytime…)
（2）go to the cinema (theatre, concert6, pictures…)
（3）I led the child by the hand (by the sleeve)
（三）不用冠词的几种情况：
1．物质名词、抽象名词或可数名词表示泛指或一般概念时。
（1）Iron feels hard.
（2）What they want is freedom.
（3）The streets were clean and shaded with trees.
2．名词前有物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词、以及有some, any, no, each, every等词修饰时。
（1）Our school is larger than John’s.
（2）There used to be no universities in my home town.
（3）Every student in my class is trying his best to learn English.
3．表示季节、月份、星期的名称前。
（1）There are four seasons in a year. Spring, summer, autumn and winter.
（2）The people’s Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949.
4．在球类活动和棋类前。
（1）we are having a class while they are playing basketball.
（2）Two old men are sitting under a tree, playing chess.
5．一日三餐前。
（1）What do you often have for supper?
（2）My father has breakfast at home and has lunch at the factory.
6．节、假目前一般不用冠词，但在中国的传统节日前往往用定冠词。
New Year’s Day, Women’s Day, May Day Children’s Day, Teacher’s Day, National Day
Christmas Day, the Spring Festival
7．在表语、宾语补足语以及同位语中表示头衔、职位时。
（1）In 1864, Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States.
（2）Mr Li is director of our factory.
8．名词复数表示某一类人或事物时。
（1）We are teachers, and not doctors.
（2）Horses are useful animals.
9．某些习惯用语中。
（1）go to school (college, hospital, class, church, bed, prison, market…)
（2）be in bed (hospital, prison, church…)
（3）be at school (college, market…)
（4）by bike (bus, train, car, boat, plane, air…)
（5）at dawn (daybreak, sunrise, sunset, noon, night…)
六．单元测试
I. 单项选择 15%
选择填空 从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出可以填入空白的最佳答案.
1. ________, I don’t like the way you look at the other people in the group.
A. Being honest B. Having been honest
C. To have been honest D. To be honest
2. ---You seem to have remembered all the process by heart.
---_____________.
A. So I do B. So do I C. So I have D. So have I
3. ---The lake doesn’t look pretty with no willows ________ over it.
---Right. So we’ll try to get it ________ with circles of willow.
A. hanging; hanging B. hanging; hung C. hung; hung D. hung; hanging
4.--- Does Liu Hua serve in the army?
---- No, but he __________in the army for 3 years.
A. served B. has served C. is serving D. had been
5.--- Where does she come from?
--- I” m not sure, but her accent __________ Beijing.
A. hears B. sounds C. looks D. suggests
6. This time tomorrow, we ________ through France enjoying the first day of our holidays.
A. shall have driven B. shall be driving
C. shall have been driven D. shall drive
7. The lecturer spoke in a ________ so as to make himself heard.
A. voice loud enough B. enough loud
C. loud enough voice D. voice enough loud
8. In her time, Isadora Duncan was ________ today a liberated woman.
A. calling what we would B. who would be calling
C. what we would call D. she would call it
9. How wonderful! They’ve finished _________ 30% of the task within one week.
A. no more than B. no less than
C. not more than D. less than
10. ---Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
---________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get B. To get C. Getting D. To be getting
11. The public were kept in the ________ about the deal. Everyone was very angry.
A. shade B. air C. distance D. dark
12. ________ you go, ________ be polite and modest.
A. Wherever; do B. Wherever; must C. Where; should D. Where; ought to
13. I’d rather have a room of my own, ________ small, than share a room with a man of that sort.
A. how B. though C. however D. so
14. We shall prove ________ the colleges’ trust, for here we have a modern key school.
A. worthy of B. worth being C. worthy to be D. to be worthy
15. The mother ________ when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.
A. broke out B. broke in C. broke up D. broke down
II. 完形填空 20%
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who said that most of our brains are not getting enough ______(1);and as a result, we are growing old _________(2). Professor Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite _____(3) farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their____(4) to think and reason (推理) at a rather early age, and _______(5) the speed of getting old could be _______(6) down. With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he ______(7) about measuring brain volumes (容量) of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs. Computer technology helped the researchers to get most ______(8) measure of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to _______(9)with intellect (智力) and feelings, and _______(10) the human character. ________(11) we all know, the black part of the brain, which _______(12) tasks like eating and breathing , does contract (萎缩) with ages. Contraction of the front and side parts was ______(13) in some people in their thirties, _____(14) it was still found in ______(15) sixty and seventy-year-olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his test that _____(16) is a simple way to _____(17) the contraction using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins ______(18) in people in the country than in towns. Those with least possibility are lawyers ______(19) by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work ______(20) in a government officers are possible to have contraction brains as the farm workers.
1. A. practice B. care C. exercise D. oxygen
2. A. necessary B. necessarily C. unnecessary D. unnecessarily
3. A. healthy B. old C. young D. clever
4. A. ways B. ability C. effects D. beliefs
5. A. what B. how C. whether D. when
6. A. laid B. put C. slowed D. died
7. A. set B. thought C. looked D. cared
8. A.. exact B. rough C. general D. great
9. A. break B. agree C. deal D. do
10. A. test B. examine C. decide D. find
11. A. Since B. As C. What D. Although
12. A. carries B. finishes C. controls D. works
13. A. seen B. limited C. stopped D. cured
14. A. and yet B. if C. so D. for
15. A. over B. under C. below D. some
16. A. as B. this C. it D. there
17. A. increase B. enlarge C. prevent D. keep
18. A. earlier B. later C. steadier D. sooner
19. A. supported B. followed C. admired D. respected
20. A. day after day B. day and night C. now and then D. up and down
III. 阅读理解 20%
A
Beijing aims to become a world-leading ecological (生态的) city within the seven years leading up to the 2008 Olympic Games, in order to fulfill the city’s “Green Olympics” promise according to government officials.
Thanks to the progress of tree planting campaigns (运动) in recent years, the city’s three first green steps---mountain forest, plain forests and urban (市区) forests----have begun to take shape.
Beijing added 2,866 hectares (公顷) of green land this year to its urban forest areas and its green belt, which surrounds the city’s urban areas. In the past two years, Beijing’s green areas expanded greatly, with more than 5,500 hectares of new green land creased--- almost the total amount of green areas in the period.
For many Beijing residents（居民）, dreams of living in a green areas are becoming a reality. “ We will spare no effort to add more green space to the capital, and have set a target (目标) to build more gardens in downtown areas, “ said one official.
Governments at all levels in the city put more than 700 million yuan (US$84 million) to increase its green space this year, which doubles the money provided last year. To improve the environment (环境) in the countryside areas around the capital, Beijing government launched (发动) a tree planting project late last year, aiming to change areas along five rivers and 10 motorways into green heavens. More than million yuan (US$12 million) has been invested (投资)into the project, expected to be finished within three to four years.
---China Daily 10/19/2001
1. What kind of city will Beijing be in 7 years according to this passage?
A．It will be a great economic city in the world.
B．It will be the best city in the world.
C．It will be an advanced green Olympian city.
D．It will be a modern city in the world.
2. What does “ take shape” mean in the sentence “ the city’s three first green steps-
-- mountain forests, plain forests and urban forests--- have begun to take shape” ?
A．To begin to be like the finished form.
B．To do something in a special way.
C．To have normal state.
D．To start different things in the same way.
3. What does this sentence mean: “ We will spare no effort to add more green space to the capital.” ?
A．We’ll do something to add green areas to Beijing.
B．We’ll have nothing to do but add trees and bushes to Beijing.
C．Nothing but green space could be added to Beijing.
D．We’ll try our best to add green space to Beijing.
B
MADRID ---What is it that makes people happy? Youth, health, a good job, good look, a flashy car?
The concept（概念）of happiness is coming under increasingly close examination in Spain.
As the nation rises to the club of the world’s wealthiest countries, people are discovering that material things do not bring happiness.
“ Most people use money as a measure of human value, “ says Jesus Ynfante, author of a book on Spain’s biggest fortunes.
“ Expensive products are regarded as the best. The rich are admired simply for being rich,” Ynfante said.
Yet psychologists (心理学家) warn that happiness cannot be brought. They advise people to look for it in human relations and in the small pleasures of everyday life.
Many people regard happiness as a moment of ecstatic pleasure (狂喜)---- something that, by definition, cannot last----while others speak of it as peace and acceptance of oneself. Polls (问卷调查) in different countries indicate (表明) that between 65 and 85 per cent of the world’s population regard themselves as reasonably happy.
Around 40 per cent of a person’s happiness is thought to be determined by genetics (遗传学), while the rest depends on childhood environment and the process of growing up.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about happiness is that it has little to do with age, health, wealth, or other values thought to be important in Western society.
For most Spaniards, happiness is linked with feeling close to other people.
Happy people accept their limitations and set themselves reachable goals, experts say.
There are lifestyle choices，which favour happiness, such as exercise, eating carbohydrates and exposing oneself to sunlight.
But the main secret of happiness is to take pleasure in small things.
“ If you are given a choice between eternal (永久的) happiness and a cheese sandwich, take the sandwich,” advises the musician Julian Hernandez.
1. Spain, as this passage tells us, ____________.
A．has built more clubs than the other countries
B．has owned the largest group of experts
C．has become one of the richest countries in the world
D．has produced the most wealth in the world
2. It can be concluded that Jesus Ynfante is _______..
A．a famous s expert B．a famous psychologist
C．one of the richest Spaniards D．familiar with the richest Spaniards
3. Happy people, as we can find in this passage __________.
A．are always full of feelings
B．are always born in rich families
C．always enjoy achievement they get
D．always look down upon themselves
4. What Julian Hernandez advises at the end of this passage suggests that________.
A．he is not happy musician
B．he is leading a hard life
C．he doesn’t agree with the idea shown in the passage
D．he is humorous and happy.
C
A large Chinese garment firm has offered former US president Bill Clinton US $2 million to represent the company as its “image ambassador (形象大使)”.
When I came across this information in a newspaper, I was greatly amazed. It reminds me of another report not long ago, when a general election was underway in Israel, that some Israelis suggested Clinton move to Israel to be their new prime minister! Fortunately that was just talk. But the proposal of the Chinese garment firm is not just talk; it has been put formally to Clinton himself.
To offer US $2 million to a former president to be an “image ambassador” is unbelievable! Even Yuan Longping, an agronomist (农学家) who contributes greatly to agriculture in China, was given only 5 million yuan by the government.
First, is it wise to spend so much money on advertising? No one can refuse to say the great function and influence of advertising. But it goes too far. Wouldn’t it be wiser to invest this sum to improve the quality of the company’s products? Microsoft hasn’t needed Bill Clinton to be its “image ambassador”, while it does need Bill Gates to be its manager.
Second, can the position of a company really be raised to a higher place by having one or two famous persons as “ image ambassador”? As the saying goes, borrowed plumage (羽衣) never appears beautiful on one’s own body. Would the company’s “image ambassador” prove to be “borrowed plumage?”
1. The China firm shouldn’t hire Clinton as its “image ambassador” because _____________.
A．he once deeply hurt the feelings of the Chinese people
B．it is unwise to spend such a large money on advertising
C．the quality of the company’s products is the most important
D．a famous person sometimes has quite an effect on a company
2. When the author learned the news that the Chinese firm wanted to hire Clinton as its “image ambassador”, he was __________.
A. interested B. moved C. shocked D. disappointed
3. The sentence “borrowed plumage never appears beautiful on one’s own body” in the passage probably means _______.
A．the firm should strengthen itself by its own effect
B．though he is a well-known person in the world, he doesn’t suit China’s national conditions.
C．one shouldn’t rely on others too much
D．buy clothes yourself, or it won’t fit you
IV. 改错 10%
After the ground zero which the World Trade Center collapsed, 1.___________
there is a specially rescue square—a dozen or so sad men who lost their sons 2.___________
or brother in the disaster of Sept.11. For almost every day since, most 3.___________
of these men had spent the daylight hours in search of their kin. 4.___________
They are retired firefighters and police officers and, in a sense, they are 5.___________
the lucky ones. Because their careers in uniform, they are able to be near 6. ___________
their lost children more rather than having to sit home and crumble. 7. ___________
“This is a hell of way to spend your retirement,” said Lee Ielpi, 8.___________
57, the retired firefighter who found his son on Dec. 11 before 91 days 9.___________
of searching. “But I’m leaving until the last dustpan of dirt has been 10.__________
swept away from here.”
V. 书面表达 15%
某学校附近,拟兴建一座化工厂。请你以该校学生的名义写一篇短文，陈述反对兴建此化工厂的理由。短文要包括以下要点：
1．尽管该厂可以为本市赚钱，但危害大于好处；
2．严重污染饮用水（包括其他污染），防范措施不充分；
3．侵占学生游戏与玩耍的场所。
注意： 按照内容适当增减, 但不能仅仅翻译要点。
字数：80--100字左右。
七. 课后答案及讲解
附2: 单元测试答案
I．1-15 D C B A D B C C B B D A C A D
II．1—20 CDABB CAADC BCAAD DCDBA
III．CAD CDCD BCA
IV．1. which—where 2. specially—special 3. brother—brothers
4. had--have 5. 对 6. Because--- Because of 7. 去掉 more
8. way—a way 9. before--after 10. 加not
V． One possible version
Most students in our school, including me, are strongly against the construction of a chemical works near our school. Although the works will make a lot of money for our city, we do think it will do us greater harm than good. The drinking water will be badly polluted. Of course, they have promised to do something to prevent the water from being polluted, however, it is far from enough. On the other hand, the air over the city will be polluted, too.. We will never be able to breathe fresh air. How can we live here any longer? Last but not the least, the site of the chemical works will take up the place where we students play games and have sports after school. Where would we do sports if it were occupied?