Unit 6 Mainly revision
一、目标浏览
【重点词语】 waste (v./n.),pipe (v,/n.),escape, break, remind ,before, throw away ,break
up ,break down ,depend on ,make laws ,be active in ,make an effort to do
sth. ,do a drawing, get rid of ,deal with ,take out ,get sick, at one time.
【重点句型】 no matter wh / h + 从句
where + 地点状语从句
deal with… / do…with… / do with…
It + be+一段时间+before …
【语法焦点】过去分词的语法作用及复习第一至五单元出现过重点语法项目
【口语交际】表示“禁止和警告”和“猜测”的句式
【能力指导】阅读训练(三): 解题技巧
写作训练 (四): 指令性说明文
【听力指导】听力技巧及方法（一）
二、课文导学
【课文内容预习提纲】
本单元22和23两课的学习中要掌握下列线索：
1.Why must we stop pollution ?
2.What kind of pollution is mentioned in the text ?
3.What types of waste are discussed in the text ?
4.Can you tell what ways are used in the world to recycle waste ?
5.How many different things are reused in China ?
【释疑解惑】
1. No matter how much you want to bathe ,it just isn’t safe .
不管你多么想洗海水澡，反正这都很不安全。
这里是由no matter how 引出让步状语从句。
但是一定要注意：no matter how(however) 既可以接形容词和副词，表示程度状语的作用；又可以直接接句子，表示方式状语。请对比下面两个句子：
e.g. No matter how small the wheat ear is ,we should pick it up .
无论麦穗有多小，我们都该把它拾起来。（程度状语）
No matter how he tried, he failed at all.
无论他怎样试，他均为成功。（方式状语）
No matter 之后可以是任何 wh-word 如，what ,who which ,when ,where 等。
e.g. No matter what she says ,he wouldn’t listen to her .
不管她说什么，他就是不听她的。
No matter who says it ,he wouldn’t listen .
不管谁说的，他就是不听。
No mater where he works ,he is always working hard .
无论他在哪儿干活，他都是很卖力气。
2.When you find anything ,make a note where it’s found and do a drawing in your notebook .
当你发现某种东西时，记下发现的地点，并在笔记本上绘一个图。
该句子中where it’s found 为同位语从句，说明 note 的内容。
注意：不要把它看成是地点状语从句，那就译为“在你发现它的地方做笔记”意思完全不对了 where it’s found ,不是指 make a note 的地点。
该句中有一个搭配很强的结构。
do +(由动词转换来的) ing 式，表示做什么。
do a drawing 绘一个图。
do some cooking 做饭 do some shopping 买东西
do some reading 阅读 do some writing 写东西
3.deal with 作：“处理”
e.g. Pollution is a big problem to deal with . 污染是一个要处理的大问题。
I wonder how we should deal with so much rubbish . 我不知道如何处理这么多的垃圾。
4．How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today .如何处理废物是当今世界上的一个大难题。
该句是不定式结构做主语。How to get rid of waste 是由疑问词+不定式构成。它可以延伸为一个主语从句：
How we should get rid of waste .
疑问词+不定式结构可在句中做主语，宾语，表语等。
e.g. How to deal with the matter is unknown .
如何处理这件事没有人知道。（作主语）
We haven’t decided when to start off for Beijing .
我们还没有决定何时动身去北京（做宾语）
The problem is how to get rid of bad habit .
问题是如何去掉这不良的习惯（做表语）
get rid of 作“去掉”“摆脱”解。
e.g . He kept jumping to get rid of the cold . 他不断跳跃以便驱寒。
5. Although the sea breaks
up the waste, beaches
虽然海洋可以把粪便冲散,
break up 作“驱散”“拆开”“打碎”解。
做“拆散”解时，与break down 同义。
e.g. The war broke up many families . 这场战争拆散了许多家庭。
The warship was broken up . 这艘战舰被拆散。
6. A better method is to take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break is down .
该句中“where the wind and waves break it down “为定语从句，先行词为 sea. 句中break
down 做“分解”讲。（既可以指化学变化，也可以指物理变化）。
Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen .
水可以被分解为氢和氧。
7. …depending on the nature of the materials . …视材料的性质而定
depend on 做“依…而是，”“依靠”“依赖”
Success depends on your effort and ability .
成功与否得看你的努力和能力。
Whether we’ll go there depends on the weather .
我们是否去那儿取决于天气。
8.It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers .
要过很多年（之后），容器里的化学物质才会开始流出。
该句中before 译为“在（一段时间）之后”。
e.g . It was three months before she returned to her hometown.
三个月之后她才返回家乡。
注意：在翻译含有before 从句的句子时，要注意汉语的译法。
e.g. Before I could get in a word ,she had left without saying a word .
我还没来得及插话她便什么也没说走了。
It was not long before the whole country rose up .
没过多久，全国就举行了起义（汉语没有译）
翻译下列各句，注意before的译法：
1．Do it now before you forget.
2．Before I could get in a word ,she had left .
3．It was not long before she came back .
4．It was long before she came back .
5．He had left the town the day before she arrived .
6．It will not be long before they understand each other .
参考答案:
1．趁你没忘记，做这件事。（否定译法）
2．我还没来得及插话，她便走了。（否定译法）
3．没过多久，她便回来了。（不译）
4．过了好久之后，她才回来。（译为“之后”）
5．她到的前一天，他就离开这座城市。
6．要不了多久，他们便会彼此理解了。
9. at one time 译为“（过去）有段时期”（once/in the past ）
e.g. At one time ,he was an English teacher . 过去有段时间，他是英语教员。
注意：at one time 不能与“at a time ”混淆
at a time 意思是“一次”“同时”
e.g . We cannot do two things at a time . 我们不能同时做两件事。
10. …and has been very active in protecting the Pacific Ocean .
在保护太平洋的活动中一直都很积极。
be active in 意思是“积极/主动地参加（活动）。”
e.g. she has been active in sports . 她一直积极参加体育活动。
We should be active in social activities . 我们应积极参加社会活动。
11. European countries are making an active effort to reuse materials more than they used to .
欧洲国家现在正积极努力比过去更多地回收利用旧材料。
make an effort to do sth .努力做
We have made every effort to fight against pollution .
我们尽一切努力和污染作斗争。
No efforts are being made to clean the waste water from factories .
有些工厂对废水净化没有做出任何努力。
12. This ink is taken out by a special technique ,and new paper is made .
用一种特殊的技术清洗掉油墨，再制成新的纸张。
take out (=remove)擦掉，洗掉
How can I take out the ink marks from my new white shirt ?
我的白色新衬衣上的墨水怎样才能洗掉呢？
They took out the posters on the walls .
他们洗掉了墙上的招贴画。
三、口语操练 Prohibition and Warning and Conjecture
【常用句型】
Don’t look out of the window.
You shall listen to your parents.
Never pour oil on water.
No smoking!
Don’t rush!
It seems that he is coming tonight.
He is likely to win the game in the end.
He must have finished the work.
What could they be talking about over there with the headmaster?
Mary can’t have gone to New York. I saw her just now seated under the tree, reading a book.
It look as if it is going to rain soon.
He appears to be an honest student in the class. But in actual fact, he isn’t.
【示范引证】
1．表示“禁止、警告”及“猜测”的对话练习：
（1）Less noise ,please ! — No noise ,please !(请小声点！)
这是对话中的一个省略句。完整的句子为：
Don’t make any noise ,please ! 或 Do make no (less )noise ,please !
e.g. Less noise ,please .I have something important to tell you .
（请声音小点。我有重要的事情告诉大家。）
No noise ,please .The baby is sleeping .
(别吵了，孩子在睡觉。)
（2）Don’t rush ! (不要赶忙/不要性急)
它是由Don’t +原形动词构成的表示“禁止”或“警告”的句式。
例一.——We’ve got to start off right now .
——Don’t rush !There’s plenty of time .
——我们得马上出发。 ——别急，时间还多着呢。
例二.——Let me get to the front .
——Don’t crowd , please.
——让我到前面去。 ——请不要挤。
例三.——He hasn’t turned up now .
——Don’t worry. He must be on the way here .
——他现在还没来。 ——甭着急，他准是在来着的路上。
2．It seems that there is a big waste pipe coming down from the town .
看来，有一根大废水管从城里直接到这儿来了。
It looks as if our class won’t be able to bathe at all .
看来，我们班（好像）根本不能洗海水浴了。
这两句都是表示“猜测”的句子。
例一.——It’s already half past ten .There is likely no bus .
——Well, it looks as if we shall have to walk home .
——已经十点半了。不可能有公共汽车了。
——嗳，看来我们只得走回家了。
例二. ——Relief supplies are being sent to the flooded areas .
——It looks as if the situation will get better .
——救济物资正运往山区。
——看来情况将会好转。
例三.——They all say it is a good idea .
——It seems that no one’s against the suggestion .
——他们都说这个主意很好。
——看来（似乎）没有人反对这个意见。
例四.——He looks so happy .
——It seems that he has entered college .
——他看上去很高兴。
——看来他已经上大学了。
四、语法精析 过去分词的语法作用
过去分词在句中不能作为谓语(其中包括主语)来使用. 它属于非谓语的一种形式. 这项语法是我们高中学生在学习英语中, 尤其是我们学习语法时的一项难点. 但任何的难点均有突破口. 请记住:及物动词的过去分词是用来作为表示: 被动,完成,结果与状态的; 不及物动词的过去分词是用来表示: 结果,完成与状态的; 另外, 还有一种过去分词叫做过去分词化的形容词, 即可以用来表示状态概念的形容词, 这一点是我们大家在学习非谓语动词是要记住的问题. 同时,过去分词还有完成式. 过去分词的完成式用来做状语，通常表示该分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
请参看下面的练习:
II. 语法练习：用动词的适当形式填空。（分词的语法作用）
1.When _______(heat),ice will be changed into water .
2.The letter is to be left until _____(call )for .
3.Badly _____(wound ),he couldn’t move .
4.______(unite )we stand ,_______(divide)we fall .
5.The material doesn’t expand unless _____(heat )
6.Though ________(warn )of the storm ,they were still working in the fields .
7.I found the children _______(look )after well .
8.I must have him ______(punish ) soon .
9.A letter ______(post) this morning may reach her tomorrow .
10.I don’t like to read letters ______(write)in pencil .
11.There is little time _____(leave).
12.We found the village greatly ______(change ).
13.Have you seen the word _____(use )that way before ?
14.We found the leaves ______(fall ).
15.Please raise your voice to make yourself ______(hear ).
16._______(not ,receive)a reply ,he decided to write again .
17._______(not ,see )her for years ,we could hardly recognize her .
18._______(fail) in the college entrance examination twice ,he decided not to take it again .
19.All the tickets _____(sell )out ,they went away disappointed .
20.Spring ______(come),trees begin to turn green .
参考答案: 1.heated 2.called 3.wounded 4.United ,divided
5.heated 6.warned 7.looked 8.punished 9.posted 10.written
11.left 12.changed 13.used 14.fallen 15.heard 16.Not having received
17.Not having seen 18.Having failed 19.sold( having been sold ) 20.coming
注意：以上各句的填写首先要看清逻辑上的关系：逻辑上主动则用现在分词；逻辑上的被动要用过去分词。
五、词语储存
1.关于break 短语。
break down
(1)The equipment frequently broke down .他们的设备经常坏。
(2)The taxi I was in broke down .这时我乘的出租车抛锚了。
(3)His health broke down after he suffered from illness . 大病一场之后，他的身体垮了。
(4)The conversation broke down at this point .这时说话中断了。
(5)Our army broke down the enemy’s resistance .我们打垮了敌人的抵抗。
(6)The food we take is broken down into useful substance .
我们摄取的食物被分解成用的物质。
break in
（1）The thieves broke in during the night .夜里小偷跑了进来。
（2）Don’t break in while others are speaking.别人讲话时，你别打岔。
break into
(1)A house was broken into between midnight and 5 a.m.
午夜到早上五点这段时间，有人强行进入一家房子。
(2）Everyone broke into tears .这时每个人都哭了起来。
break out
(1)A fire broke out during the night .夜里发生一场火灾。
(2）Influenza usually breaks out in winter .流感多发生在冬季。
break up
(1)After midnight ,the party broke up .午夜之后晚会才散。
(2）The police tried to break up the crowd .警察试图驱散群众。
(3）The school has broken up for the holidays .学校放假停课了。
2.remind
(1) My monitor reminded me to make less noise at the meeting.
班长提醒我在会上讲话小声点。
(2)The note reminds me that I shall have a meeting next Monday .
这便条提醒我下星期一我要开会。
(3) This photo reminded her of her sad past . 这幅照片使她想起不幸的过去。
3.escape
(1) Water escaped rapidly from the pipe .水迅速地从管里子流出。
(2) None of the criminals escaped being punished .罪犯没有一个人逃避惩罚。
(3) The exact date has escaped me .我记不确切的日期了。
(4)A moan escaped the patient .那病人不禁呻吟了一声。
六、能力点拨 阅读(三): 解题技巧
一 阅读理解题解题技巧
1．细节辨认题解题技巧
细节辨认题多为针对文章（段落）中的细节而设计，或针对某一特定细节，或针对文章的主要事实。此类题有两种，一为直接理解题，一为词义转换题。直接理解题的答案与原意直接挂钩，一目了然，在文中可以直接找到。词义转换题是原文有关词语和句子的易码表现形式，在原文中不能直接找到。要求考生理解原文中相应词语的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的选项。
下面一题要求考生判断报道的时间。
Named after china’s most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission as the country’s biggest and best contest of its kind.
This news story most probably appeared in a newspaper in _________.
A. 1986 B. 1987 C. 1995 D. 1997
这是同义转换题的典型例子。从1986 与less than 10 years 的联系可以推断出答案是“C”。
2．主旨题（归纳概括题）的解题技巧
解答这类试题，首先应注意其提问方式，正确判断其类型所属。类型辨认清楚后，回到文中找到能够表达主题和作者写作意图的主题句、结论句等。文章的主题句一般在文章的首句，结论句在末句，也有的主题句在中间。通过阅读这些可表达主题的句子，可使主题的判断更加准确，快捷。如：
Moscow, Russia (Space news) -----"The computer is a better chess player, insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. "It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind , but I just couldn't win," he announced and shook his head sadly.
Prozorov's disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of championships around the world, since the fun had been taken out of the game.
The computer walked---or rather, rolled-----away with 5 000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and lights.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
A. The Computer Is A Better Chess Player
B. Mankind Is In Need Of Computer
C. The World's Best Player
D. I Just Couldn't Win
2. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?
A. 5 000 dollars goes to a computer!
B. New invention: a laughing computer!
C. World's best chess player beaten!
D. Computer defeats man in chess!
主题句与支撑细节的不同在于主题句比较抽象、概括，属结论性语言，支撑细节比较具体，用具体事例来说明主题句所表示的主题。很显然， “The computer is a better chess player”是主题句，下面用具体事例说明计算机比人会下棋。由这一主题句可推出文章的标题和中心思想。该短文标题就直接搬用了主题句，故第一题答案为A。中心思想使主体句的转换，因此第二题答案为D。
大部分说明文主题比较明显，一般都是先提出主题，然后加以例证说明，主题句后会有较明显的提示。如for example， for instance 等。结论前也会有so， therefore， in short等。
有些短文主题不明显，做题时要仔细分析各部分之间的关系，寻找主题。
有的文章没有起总结、概括作用的句子，主题是各部分的总合。需要将各部分联系起来，概括出其所共同说明的问题。
3．推理判断题的解题技巧
推测文中句子的言外之意是最基本的深层理解题。要求考生根据上下文， 从已知陈述推断隐含在字里行间的语义。推断必须基于已知事实，每个结论的获得都必须从短文中找到根据。请看下面的例子：
A man walked into a bar and asked a glass of water. The girl behind the bar pulled out a gun and shot him dead. Why? The reader is asked to give a reasonable explanation for the strange happening. All sorts of suggestions are made: she recognized him as a dangerous criminal on the run; she thought he was about to attack her; she misheard what he said: asking for a glass of water had a special secret meaning for her, and so on. All the explanations suppose that the gun was used in order to kill the man. It is very easy to be blocked by this obvious idea. In fact, the explanation is that the man had a bad attach of hiccups (打嗝), which is why he asked for a glass of water. The girl behind the bar was in fact trying to help him, because she knew that a sudden fright could cure hiccup. Unknown to her, the gun happened to have been put bullets in that day.
1．According to the passage, we can infer that ____________.
A. no one would agree on the girl's explanation
B. the girl would answer for what she had done
C. the girl would be excused without being punished
D. the girl's explanation surprised and frightened the people
上文中，没有信息说明人们是否同意女招待的解释， 也没有提到人们对其解释的任何反映。 因此A，D 不成立。在无任何提示的情况下， 只能依照常理推断事情的结局， 人已被杀，而女招待的辩解主观成分太浓， 很难说服法官， C 不合常理。 所谓“杀人偿命，欠债还钱”。女招待总会因自己杀人而受到某种惩罚。 答案是B。
4．词义猜测题的解题技巧
词义猜测的方式很多， 可以利用构词法、上下文中的对比、释义、常识等确定生词或熟悉的词汇在新的语境中的语义变化。举例如下：
…… Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very old winters. Though no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
The word yielded in the last sentence means___________
A． improved B late C produced D sold
从搭配角度来说，四个答案都合理，只是所表达的语义不同。但结合上下文来看，合理的解释应是C。该部分是对苹果树的介绍。 从树和fruit之间的关系来看应该是“果树冬天不结果实”。而不可能是improved、sold、increased 等。
二 [写作训练](Writing training)——指令性说明文
指令性说明文一般多于祈使句，省掉主语。
在表示一系列的指令时，通常要用一些结构连接词或短语。
e. g . first , next / then , finally , first of all ; after this ; then now ; after that 等
下面是一篇如何冲速溶咖啡的说明，注意连接词的使用。
First put water in a kettle .Next heat the water .Then put a spoonful of coffee powder in a cup .Then pour the boiling water into the cup .Finally add milk or sugar if you want them .
训练练习题：
将下列连接词语，填入空白处。
finally ,then ,now ,after that ,first ,next
How to use the washing machine
_____(1)of all open the door put the washing in .______(2)close the door . _______(3) put the soap in the soap tray ._______ (4)plug the machines in and check the water supply. Make sure the dirty water pipe is in the right place ._______(5)choose the correct programme and switch the machine on ._______(6)open the door and take the clean swashing out .
参考答案：（1）First (2) Next (3) Then (4) Now (5) After that (6) Finally
七．【听力指导】听力技巧及方法（一）
听力理解是聆听声音信息，理解其意，即运用大脑中储存的大量知识对耳朵接收的信息进行分析，判断理解．这个过程是多种因素相互作用的复杂过程．但是要在短时间内经过强化训练提高听力水平，掌握一些听力技巧是有必要的．此外，也要在自己大量的实践练习的基础上总结规律，摸索出一套适合自己的学习方法．
1．怎样听对话?
Section A包括五个简短对话．每听完一个对话回答一个问题，设三个选项，问题和选项出现在试卷上，每段对话仅读一遍，学生有１0秒中的时间回答相关小题和阅读下一小题.
Section B包括四个较长对话.每听完一段较长对话回答二至四个问题,问题及选项也出现在试卷上，每段对话读两遍.
由于时间有限，在听对话之前抓紧空隙阅读问题及选项非常重要.
这样做有助于预测对话的内容,提前了解对话中可能出现的单词,这样在听音时才能有目的地判断,抓住重点信息,而略过次要信息.
当选项比较短时,可用扫视的方法一目了然.例如:At what time does the office open?
A .7:45 B.8:15 C.8:00
我们用目光掠过问题及选择项,便知此题听的重点应是时间.
当选择项较短时,应采用竖读的方法.着重看区别,即视线应由上往下看.例如:Why did Mary not buy the car?
A．Because she hadn’t enough money.
B．Because she didn’t like it.
C．Because she had no time.
先整体看这组选择项, 我们可以发现, 每一项的前半部分相同, 都是Because she, 那么我们可以把这部分忽略不看,而将视线移至后半部分竖读, 注意其区别.
A. …hadn’t enough money
B. … didn’t like it.
C. …had no time.
这样在听音时, 重点听原因, 是哪条原因造成她没买车的事实.
高考英语听力模拟试题（三）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，请选出符合题意的最佳答案。每段对话后你都有10秒钟时间回答有关小题和阅读下一题。每段对话只读一遍。
( )1. What can you learn from Jim’s reply?
A．He goes to most types of games.
B．Basketball is his only sport.
C．He plays basketball.
( )2. What can you infer from the dialogue?
A．The bus drivers seldom go on strike in England.
B．The bus drivers this time ask for different things.
C．The bus drivers this time again ask for less work and more pay.
( )3. What does the woman want to become?
A. A teacher. B. A translator. C. An actress.
( )4. What is the woman likely to do during the festival?
A．She will do anything that shi will meet.
B．She will help her mother do some shopping.
C．She will help her mother do some cooking.
( ) 5. What does the man mean?
A．Mary will go to the party, but she won’t dance.
B．Mary will go to the party and she will dance.
C．Mary won’t go to the party.
第二节 听下面5段对话或对白。每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或对白前，你将有5秒钟阅读各小题，听完后，每小题有5秒钟的答题时间。每段对话或对白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6、7题。
( )6. What will the woman do tomorrow?
A．Attend an important meeting.
B．Take her mother to the hospital.
C．Go to work.
( )7. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A. The are boss and employee.
B. They are colleagues.
C. They are close friends.
听第7段材料，回答8至9题
( )8. Where does the dialogue take place?
A．In the south.
B．In the north.
C．In the middle—neither too south nor too north.
( )9. What’s the weather like at the place where they are talking?
A．It is too hot in summer and too cold in winter.
B．It has a warm winter.
C．Its summer is short and cool.
听第8段材料，回答10至12题。
( )10. Where does this dialogue take place?
A. At the man’s home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a company.
( )11. Why does the woman come to the man’s home?
A．She wants to have dinner with him. B. She comes to return some books.
C．She wants to learn how to cook.
( )12. Who does the cooking now?
A. The man. B. The woman. C. The man’s life.
听第9段材料，回答13至16题。
( )13.What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. They are next-door neighbors. B. They are boss and employee.
C. They are teacher and student.
( )14. Was the man looking for the woman tall or short?
A. He was very tall. B. She was very short. C. She was neither tall nor short.
( )15. What kind of face did the man have?
A. His face was square.
B. His face was round.
C. The man speaker didn’t notice.
( )16. Why wasn’t the man speaker sure of the man’s characteristic?
A．It was very late and the lighting wasn’t good.
B．He was so tired and sleepy that he didn’t pay much attention.
C．Both A and B.
听第10段材料，回答17至20题。
( )17. What’s the main passage of this passage?
A．Fire accidents. B. ways to prevent fires. C. Fire—human’s great enemy.
( )18. Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause of fire?
A. A broken bottle lying on dry grass. B. Stored wet hay. C. Dry hay in storage.
( )19. When was Moscow set on fire?
A. In the 17th century. B. During the war against Napoleon. C. In 64 AD.
( )20. Which of the following statements is not true?
A．Fire does good as well as harm to man.
B．Carelessness is only one cause of fires.
C．A fire cannot break out unless someone starts it.
参考答案：ACACA BACAA BAACC CCCBC
八．综合反馈
Unit 6
A 卷
I．词语练习 5%
1. Rubbish ,such as used plastic bags boxes k ______as “white pollution ”is coming a serious
problem .
2.P_______bags are made from unsold newspapers .
3.The problem of d ______with waste has become more serious than before .
4.U____, a lot of waste is poured into rivers .
5.Children d ______on their parents for food and clothing .
6.In _______(西方) countries ,mountains of rubbish are thrown away every day .
7.Severl international ____________(组织)have been set up to fight against pollution .
8.As the wealth of the country _________(增加)，more waste will be produced .
9.Rubbish is collected ,________(分隔)in some cities .
10.I found an old pot _________(埋)in the sand .
II．选择填空 35%
非谓语动词专练部分
1. I would love ________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
2. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776 B. C. , did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing
3. We agreed ________ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
4. How about the two of us _________ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
5. ––I must apologize for ________ ahead of time. ––That's all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
6. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
7. ––You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
––Well, now I regret _________ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
8. I would appreciate _______ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you're calling
9. The computer centre, __________ last year, is very popular among the students this school.
A. open B. opened C. opening D. having
10. The salesman scolded the girl caught __________ and left her off.
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing
11. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________ a bicycle.
A. ride; to ride B. riding; ride C. ride; ride D. to ride; riding
12. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
13. The missing boys were last seen _________ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
14. Paul doesn't have to be made __________. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
15. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
16. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
17. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost
18. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
19. ––Can you spare me some time? ––I'm afraid not. I have lots of letters ________.
A. doing with B. to do for C. to deal D. to deal with
20. ––Whom should this message be sent to? ––My father is the one _________.
A. to sent it to B. to send it C. to be sent to D. for sending it
21. I can't understand ________ at that poor child.
A. you to laugh B. you laughing C. you laugh D. why laugh
22. I regret ________ her advice before.
A. having not taken B. not to take
C. not having taken D. haven't taken
23. I'll never forget _______ my brother in Paris last year.
A. to see B. to have seen C. seeing D. having been seen
24. We must set about ________ our lesson for the mid––term examination.
A. reviewing B. reviewed C. to review D. to be reviewing
25. I found John ______ the desk, ______ his homework carefully.
A. seated at; to do B. sitting at; doing
C. sat at; does D. taking his seat at; to do
26. ________, he suddenly found the shop he was looking for.
A. When he turns round B. To turn the left
C. Turned backward D. Turning to the left
27. _______, the meeting began.
A. After sing a song B. After they sang a song
C. Singing a song D. Having sung a son
28. Is this the watch you wish _________?
A. to have repaired B. to repair it
C. to have it repaired D. will be repaired
29. ______ some officers, Napolean inspected his army.
A. Followed by B. Being followed
C. Followed D. Having been followed by
30. With her husband ________ her, Marie was sure of her success.
A. helps B. helped C. helping D. was helping
31. _______ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though he had been told
C. He was told D. Having told
32. They broke everything in the shop into pieces, _________ nothing.
A. leaved B. leaving C. left D. to leaving
33. I saw someone ________ the cupboard and take out the books.
A. opening B. opened C. opens D. open
34. He wore dark glasses to avoid _________.
A. being recognized B. to be recognized
C. recognized D. having been recognized
35. The bridge _______ now is very long.
A. is built B. building C. to be built D. being built
III. 完成句子：（注意词的用法及句型结构）15%
1．____________(请提醒我)that I must call him up before noon .
2．The film ____________(使我回想起)what I had experienced in the countryside .
3．He spoke so fast ____________________________(要记笔记是困难的).
4．I can’t find my books _______________________(我原来放书的地方).
5．________________(看来好象)the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one .
6．It seemed ________________________________（没有人知道发生了什么事）.
7．It is not easy ____________________________(改掉坏习惯).
8．___________________________（不管花多少钱），he had to have the car repaired .
9．_________________________(不管你做什么)，do your best .
10．_________________________(无论你是谁)，you can’t go in .
11．_____________________________(无论你乘哪次火车)，you will be there by 5 o’clock .
12．_____________________________(无论你什么时候来看我),you are welcome .
13．_____________________________(是否在这儿建一所医院)is not yet decided .
14．I was stopped by illness _________________________(没参加考试).
15．_________________________________(过了好长时间)before the patient came to .
B 卷
IV. 完形填空 20%
根据所给的字母填入漏掉的词。（每空一词）
In recent years ,advances in m _______technology have made i________ possible for people to live l _______than in the past .N_______ medicines and machines are being developed every day to extend (延长)l _________.
However, some people ,i _________some doctors ,are not in favor of these life extending m________ ,and they argue that people should have the r _________to die when they want .They say that the quality of life is as i________ as life itself ,and t________ people should not be f______to go on living when conditions of life have b________ unbearable (不可忍受的).They say that people should be a _______ to die with dignity (尊严)and to decide w ________they want to die. Others argue that life u _________any conditions is better than d _____and that the duty of d _______is always to extend life as l _________as possible .And so the battle g ________on and on w ________a definite answer .
V. 阅读理解 10%
A
If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of year. A noted scientist, Ellsworth Huntington (1876 ~ 1947), concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.
He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer. Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.
Fall is the next-best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!
1. According to the passage, your intelligence probably____________
A. stays the same throughout the year
B. varies from day to day
C. changes with the seasons
D. changes from year to year
2. Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have___________
A. a great effect on everyone's intelligence
B. some effect on most persons' intelligence
C. some effect on a few persons' intelligence
D. no effect on most persons' intelligence
3. It seems that the cold winter
A. increases the ability to think
B. is the best time for thinking
C. is better for thinking than is very warm weather
D. decreases the ability to think
4. One possible reason why spring is the best season for thinking is that
A. all nature, including man, is growing then
B. it lasts longer than the other seasons
C. it is not too warm and not too cold
D. both B and C
5. According to the passage, any vacations from thinking should be taken
A. several times throughout the year
B. during spring and fall
C. during the summer
D. as seldom as possible
B
A special research team organized and sent from the local medical center performed experiments on the completely blind infants. The test sample included twenty completely blind infants, who lived at home with their mothers or family. The research workers would visit the infants and closely watch the developments of their sense and behavior every two weeks.
In most cases, the research workers tested the response of the blind infants to different stimuli common in the family environment. Generally speaking a normal baby reacts with smiles and laughter to the voice of a relative and to hugging from his family. His reactions were quick. However, most of the blind infants, according to the experiment, responded to stimuli coldly. In fact they did not pay much attention to any sound. But occasionally, some of them were able to react to the sound of their mothers with a smile, usually, their response was very slow and cold.
The test were carried out over a nine month period and they began when the blind infants were one month old and ended when they were 10 months old.
1. Infants are ______________.
A. very young children B. test samples
C. blind children D. normal babies
2.According to this passage, the blind infants ______________________.
A. were taken to live with the research workers
B. lived at home with their mothers
C. were tested at the medical center
D. were members of large families
3. Which of the following is true?
A. A normal baby responded to the stimuli slowly
B. None of the blind infants had any responses to the stimuli
C. A group of nurses took care of the blind infants at the medical center
D.Some of the blind infants were able to respond to their mothers' voice
4. The test period for the blind infants was .
A. one month B. nine months
C. ten months D. about a year
5. How were the experiments carried out?
A. The scientist tested them in the medical center.
B. The blind infants were visited by research workers every two weeks.
C. The blind infants were made to compare with the normal infants
D. Their mothers were invited to visit them
VI. 短文改错 10%
| Last summer I spent a two-week vacation at my | |
| aunt’s. She lives in the small mountain village, with a | 1. _____________ |
| river winded its course nearby | 2. _____________ |
| Early one morning, I went swimming in the river, there | 3. _____________ |
| some women were washing clothes. I found a most favour- | 4. _____________ |
| able point. I was just about to jump into the river while there | 5. _____________ |
| came a cry, “Help! Help!” I looked on the direction of the | 6. _____________ |
| cry. I found that a little boy had been fallen into the | 7. _____________ |
| river. I rush over without delay, jumped into the water | 8. _____________ |
| swam quickly towards the boy. Holding on to him over the | 9. _____________ |
| water, he struggled to the bank. | 10. ____________ |
| At last, the boy was saved and his parents came up and were | |
| thankful to me. |
VII. 书面表达 5%
下面是七个关于如何煮米饭的句子，请把它们按顺序排列好，加上适当的表示顺序的连词。
put the lid on the pot
wash the rice
cook the rice for about 20 minutes
heat it until the water boils
add water to the washed rice
put some rice into a pot
turn down the heat
参考答案:
I. 1. known 2.Paper 3.dealing 4.Unfortunately 5. depend 6.western
7.organizations 8.increases 9. separately 10.buried
II. D A C C B C D C B D A D A B C C B C D C B C C A B D B A A C C B D A D
[解析]
1．表示“本想要做的事情”，这也是表示虚拟的概念。
2．表示定语的作用要看清修饰词和被修饰词之间逻辑上是被动的含义。
5．介词后面要用动名词。
6．动词不定式表示动作先于谓语动作
9．定语与被修饰名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词
10．本单元的重点句型
15．现在分词表示主动和进行，同时在此表示伴随的概念
17．Be lost in thought “陷入沉思”为固定短语
28．先将此句变成肯定句，可以看见wish to have sb. do sth.的句型
30．独立主格结构中的动宾关系的确立也要看他们之间的逻辑关系。
31．有连词则不能用非谓语
32．现在分词表示结果概念。如果分词概念与前面的动作是同时进行的，又有逻辑上的结果概念，则要用先后在分词表示结果概念。
III.
1. Please remind me
2.reminded me of
3.that it was difficult to make notes
4where I left them
5.It looks as if
6.that no one knew what (had )happened
7.to get rid of a bad habit
8.No matter how much it cost
9.No matter what you may do
10.No matter who you are
11.No matter which train you take
12.No matter when you come to see me
13.Whether to build a hospital here
14.from taking the examination
15.It was a long time
注意：以上各句均是按照本单元的主要句型和固定短语来翻译的。同时还要注意状语从句的使用。请务必先看前面的有关讲解，然后再做题。
IV．medical ,it ,longer ,New ,life ,including ,measures ,right ,important ,that ,forced ,become ,
allowed ,when ,under ,death ,doctors ,long ,goes ,without
注意：这种练习主要考查大家的语言逻辑思维，在正确的语言逻辑思维的引导下，通过所给的词头，再按照语法的要求进行填写。切忌：只按照主观臆断去做题。
V．A: 1. C2. B3. C4. A5. C B: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B
VI．1. the—a 2. winded—winding 3. there—where 4. 对 5. while—when
6. on—in 7. 去掉been 8. rush—rushed 9. and swam 10. he—I
VII．书面表达
First put some rice in a pot and wash it .Next add water to the washed rice and heat it until
the water boils .Then turn down the heat and put the lid on the pot .Finally cook the rice for about
20 minutes .
注意：请再次阅读一下前面所将的有关写作知识，搞清说明文体的写作技巧和要求。