高三第二次联考英语试题
本试题分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分.共150分，考试时间120分钟.
注意事项：
1．请考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在指定地方。
2．答第I卷时，每小题选出答案后，填在第II卷答题卡上；答第II卷直接在试卷指定区域作答。
3．考试结束，监考人员将第I卷和第II卷一并收回。
第I卷（三部分，共115分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．How many students are there in the man’s class ?
A．20. B．30. C．60.
2．What did Bill do last night ?
A．He moved the piano alone .
B．He broke his back .
C．He told a joke .
3．What’s the relationship between the two speakers ?
A．Fisherman and house owner
B．Teacher and student .
C．Boss and employee .
4．What does the woman want to become ?
A．A teacher . B．A translator . C．An actress .
5．What will they discuss ?
A．They will discuss when the class ends .
B．They will discuss how to go out .
C．They will discuss the class’s outing .
第二节 （共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6~8题。
6．Who are the two speakers ?
A．Two students . B．A teacher and a student C．Two office workers .
7．What job will the man choose in the future ?
A．A school teacher . B．A computer specialist . C．A manager in a company .
8．How many terms will the woman have at school ?
A．One . B．Two . C．Three .
听第7段材料，回答第9~11题。
9．Where does the conversation probably take place ?
A．On a train . B．In a ticket office . C．In the street of New York .
10．Where does the train that the woman will take go after midnight ?
A．Boston . B．New York . C．Back to the departure place .
11．Why is the ticket that the woman bought cheaper ?
A．The train is slower . B．The train is a late one . C．The woman is poor .
听第8段材料，回答第12~14题。
12．What did the man think of the lecture ?
A．Interesting . B．Informative . C．Out of date .
13．What example did the man give ?
A．Coal. B．Gold. C．Mines .
14．What will be the new power in future according to the man ?
A．Sun energy . B．Atomic power. C．Nuclear power .
听第9段材料，回答第15~17题。
15．Where is the conversation taking place ?
A．On a highway . B．In a car shop . C．In a car factory .
16．Why does the woman want a large car ?
A．It doesn’t burn much gas .
B．It is the most popular one .
C．It is of practical use .
17．Who will play an important part in deciding what to get ?
A．Their friend . B．The man . C．The woman .
听第10段材料，回答第18~20题。
18．How old is the tree “Tane Mahuta” now according to the passage ?
A．2500 B．500. C．2000.
19．When will the tree be dead according to the words by Stephen King ?
A．The end of 21st century B．The end of 20th century C．The end of 22nd century .
20．What has caused the tree to die ?
A．The top of the tree has become thinner and thinner
B．The conditions of the root of the tree have become worse and worse .
C．The thin top , bad root and people’s touch .
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21．—What did she want to know , Tom ?
—She wondered we could complete the experiment
A．when was it B．it was when that C．it was when D．when it was that
22．Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things . You have to some of them .
A．remain B．resist C．remove D．renew
23．This story , is very fascinating ; there are many interesting characters in it .
A．on the whole B．on earth C．in no time D．out of the question
24．I a book on fashion at the moment , and it in the book that Europeans started to wear top hats in the early 1800s .
A．read ; is said B．am reading ; is saying
C．was reading ; was saying D．am reading ; says
25． there are many kinds of different understanding of our body language , some gestures seem to be universal .
A．While B．When C．If D．As
26．—How did it that you made such a silly mistake ?
—I myself haven’t figured it out yet .
A．bring about B．come about C．come across D．come on
27．—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most ?
— . They are both expensive and of little use .
A．None B．Both C．Neither D．All
28．After the Shenzhou VI capsule touched down , tow astronauts succeeded in traveling around the earth , thus again China is global space power .
A．proved B．to prove C．to have proved D．proving
29．When winter comes , spring be far behind ?
A．must B．should C．will D．can
30．A NASA experimental jet , the X-43A, flew at a world-record speed—11,260 kilometers an hour on November 17. This speed is as sound .
A．as ten times fast B．ten times so fast
C．ten times as fast D．ten times faster
31．—Sorry , Ann. I’m afraid that I can’t go to the magic show by David Copper Field with you .
— . Who knows when he will be back here next time ?
A．It doesn’t matter . B．Do as you like .
C．What a shame ! D．Take it easy .
32．British government often says that providing children with to the information super highway is of great importance .
A．prevention B．protection C．allowance D．access
33．We were shocked to hear the news that two Chinese engineers were shot to death in Pakistan . Worse still, third one died in hospital afterwards .
A．/; a B．the ; the C．the ; a D．/ ; the
34．The book has been well received , but actual sales , it hasn’t been very successful .
A．thanks to B．in terms of C．according to D．regardless of
35．—How about going to the park this afternoon ?
— ? It’s a few months since I enjoyed myself in the park .
A．Why B．What C．What for D．Why not
第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项
Each of us fails from time to time . If we are wise, we accept these failures as a 36 part of the learning process . But all too often as parents and teachers we 37 this same right to our children .
When I see a child 38 from this kind of pressure , I think of Donnie .
Donnie was my youngest third-grader . His 39 of failure kept him from classroom games that other children enjoyed . He 40 answered questions—he was afraid he might be wrong . I tried my best to build his 41 .But nothing changed until midterm , when Mary Anne , a student teacher , was assigned to our classroom . She was young and pretty , and she loved children . My pupils , Donnie included , all 42 her very much .
One morning , we were working on math problems at the chalkboard . Donnie had 43 the problems with pains-taking tidiness . Pleased with his progress , I 44 the children with Mary Anne and went for art materials . When I returned , Donnie was in 45 . He’d missed the third problem .
My student teacher looked at me in despair . Suddenly her face 46 . From the desk we shared , she got a container filled with pencils .
“Look , Donnie,” she said, kneeling beside him and gently 47 the tear-stained (弄脏的) face from his arms . “I’ve got something to 48 you.” She removed the pencils , one at a time , and placed them on his desk .
“See these 49 , Donnie,” she continued . “They belong to Mrs . Lindstrom and me . See how the erasers are 50 ? That’s because we make mistakes too . But we erase the mistakes and try again . That’s what you 51 learn to do , too.”
She kissed him and stood up . “Here”, she said , I’ll leave one of these pencils on 52 desk so you’ll remember that everybody makes mistakes, 53 teachers.” Donnie looked up with love in his eyes and a smile .
The 54 became Donnie’s prized possession . That, together with Mary Anne’s frequent encouragement, gradually 55 him that it’s all right to make mistakes—as long as you erase them and try again .
36．A．small B．basic C．necessary D．large
37．A．give B．disallow C．offer D．permit
38．A．come B．take C．fall D．suffer
39．A．fear B．lesson C．chance D．sense
40．A．always B．often C．never D．seldom
41．A．self protection B．self improvement C．self confidence D．self learning
42．A．respected B．disliked C．avoided D．minded
43．A．worked out B．written down C．gone over D．learned
44．A．left B．offered C．missed D．parted
45．A．surprise B．astonishment C．anger D．tears
46．A．darkened B．brightened C．pulled D．loosened
47．A．lifting B．picking C．holding D．pushing
48．A．help B．show C．reward D．promise
49．A．pencils B．mistakes C．marks D．containers
50．A．used B．built C．worn D．damaged
51．A．may B．must C．ought D．can
52．A．my B．someone’s C．the teacher’s D．your
53．A．still B．also C．even D．not
54．A．pencil B．words C．mistake D．desk
55．A．warned B．informed C．persuaded D．reminded
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
“So, Mr. Banks , you’re going on holiday with your family to Bournemouth,” said the police officer .
“You left Brandford early this morning and came down the motorway . Then you left the motorway near Tewkesbury and stopped to buy a paper at a little place called Stanway . It was 11 o’clock . Then you stopped about fifteen minutes later here , in Stow , and went into the back of your Somna—Mobile（家庭旅游车） , but your wife wasn’t there .”
“That’s right , officer.”
“Perhaps she got off at Stanway,” the policeman said .
“We didn’t hear mum”, Vicki said, “I think…”
“I want my mum ,” Eddie said . He began to cry .
“We’ll find her , sonny(宝贝)” the policeman said kindly .
※ ※ ※ ※
“So, Mrs , Banks,” the man said , “Your husband stopped here , in Stanway , about fifteen minutes ago and you went into the supermarket to get some coffee . Your husband didn’t know you weren’t in the back of the Somna and…”
“Perhaps he knew she wasn’t there ,” the woman said .
“Quiet , Matilde . He didn’t know and must have driven away . Then we stopped and our Somna is exactly the same as yours . So you got in and made coffee.”
“I’ve lost my husband and my children .” Fay said .
“Don’t worry , Mrs. Banks,” the man said kindly . “We’ll find them . I suppose they are traveling south”.
56．How many people took part in the conversations above ?
A．Six B．Seven C．Eight D．We don’t know
57．Which of the following statements is true ?
A．Matilde lost her husband and children B．Mr . Banks dropped his wife halfway
C．Mr Banks went to the police for help . D．The policeman knew where Mrs . Banks was .
58．Fay was now .
A．in the police station B．at the supermarket
C．in a bar drinking coffee D．in a wrong Somna
B
| Arriving in New York There are three airports in New York . When you arrive at one of them , you can take a bus or a taxi to any place in New York . |
| Eating out There are many kinds of food in New York . And you shouldn’t eat at McDonald’s every day . There are good restaurants in Little Italy and Chinatown , for example . |
| Hotels There are lots of good hotels in New York . The best is the Plaza on the 5th Avenue , but you don’t have to spend a lot in the city , there are lots of smaller hotels and the YMCA near the Central Park is great for young people . |
| Public Transport In New York , there’s a good bus and subway service . If you are planning to use the subway a lot , you should buy a subway ticket for the journey because it’s cheaper . But you don’t have to use the public transport-there are lots of places you can go to on foot , such as the Empire State Building , the 5th Avenue and the Central Park . The New Taxis are a part of the city experience , so you should take at least one taxi during your visit ! |
Places to seeFinally, there are a lot of places to see in New York – the Times Square, the Statue of Liberty, and so on. And you shouldn’t go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty to enjoy the scenery of the city. |
ShoppingShopping in New York is fun. There are big shops on the 5th Avenue. They are seven days a week. But be careful when you look at the prices; you have to pay a special 8% tax (税) on everything you buy in New York |
59．How many kinds of public transport are mentioned in the passage?
A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five
60．How much do you have to pay if you buy a book of $10 in New York?
A．$10.8 B．$10.08 C．$18 D．$10
61．When you visit New York. You should
A．do as much shopping as possible B．take a taxi whenever you go out
C．stay at the best hotel – the Plaza D．try Italian and Chinese food
62．From the passage, we can learn that
A．you should take a bus to travel because it’s much cheaper.
B．New York is not a good place for shopping, for things are expensive
C．people can visit many places of interest in New York on foot.
D．you’re not allowed to go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty
C
Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student they always say, “My spoken English is poor.” However, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”! I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.
First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if your attitude is positive. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.
Second, they are afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking your aim is fluency. Your want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn’t matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.
The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing was necessary for you to start speaking.
Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.
If you do not use your English beyond the classroom you will forget that English you know. Remember: USE IT OR LOSE IT! You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more.
63．What is most probably the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To improve your written English. B．To improve your listening.
C．To improve your spoken English. D．To improve your vocabulary.
64．Which of the following does the writer agree with according to the third paragraph?
A．don’t be fluent. Just be accurate!
B．don’t be nervous, don’t be shy. Just write!
C．don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Just speak!
D．don’t be shy, don’t be fluent. Just listen and write!
65．The main idea of the last paragraph is possibly close to the meaning of “ ”.
A．haste makes waste B．better late than never
C．pride goes before a fall D．practice makes perfect
66．The text is most probably taken from a .
A．teacher’s diary B．report on study
C．sports newspaper D．movie magazine
D
Mary Cochran went out of the rooms where she lived with her father, Dr. Lester Cochran, at seven o’clock on a Sunday evening. It was June of the year 1988, and Mary was eighteen years old. She was walking along Tremont, lined with small shops and shabby houses, a rather quiet cheerless place on Sundays where there were few people about. She had told her father she was going to church but did not intend anything of the kind. She did not know what she wanted to do. “I will get off by myself and think,” she told herself as she walked slowly along. The night, she thought, promised to be too fine to spend sitting in church and hearing a man talk of things that had nothing to do with her own problem. Her own affairs were approaching nothing but a crisis, and it was time for her to begin thinking seriously of her future.
The thoughtful serious state of mind in which Mary found herself had been put by a conversation she had with her father on the evening before. Without any talk of the kind before and quite suddenly, he had told her that he was a victim of heart disease and might be gone at any moment. He had made the announcement as they stood together in his office, behind which the father and daughter lived.
67．Where did Mary live?
A．Opposite the church. B．In a shabby house which is quiet
C．In a small shop D．In the same building as her father’s office.
68．What did Mary probably do that night?
A．She decided to go to church.
B．She decided not to think about the problem.
C．She decided to talk with her father again.
D．She wanted to be left alone.
69．What put Mary in a serious state of mind?
A．The uncertainty of her future
B．Her knowledge of her father’s health condition.
C．Her concern about her father’s sudden decision.
D．Her worry about her meeting with the churchman.
70．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．A Life Challenge to Mary Cochran. B．How to React at the Presence of Danger.
C．Dr. Lester Cochran Had a Heart Attack D．An Unexpected Attack.
E
Cheerleaders are part of athletic competitions throughout the United States. As their name says they lead the crowd in cheering for the team it likes best.
About five years ago, cheerleaders were considered to be simply entertainers. Today there is much more Cheerleading in America which has become another form of athletic competition. Cheerleaders today are expected to be gymnasts and dancers. They are expected to be quick and strong. Many cheerleaders are better athletes than the boys and girls on sports teams. High school cheerleading especially has becomes more difficult. The students must be in top physical shape. They must be able to jump high, turn circles in the air and lift each other. Teachers say this is the result of the influence of college cheerleaders. High school students watch college football and basketball games on TV. They see how the cheerleaders throw each other into the air and perform difficult athletic movements. They want to do the same thing. There is one big difference between the two groups, however. College cheerleaders in America are young men and women. The men do most of the lifting. At most high schools only girls are cheerleaders. It’s very difficult for them to hold others on their shoulders and throw them into the air. There are a number of ways high school cheerleaders are improving their skills. They are exercising and lifting weights to increase their strength. And they are attending camps during the summer holidays to learn new techniques. Cheerleaders test their skills by taking part in competitions against cheerleaders from other schools, just like other athletes. Coaches at some high schools say this new kind of athletic cheer leading has caused some problems.
They say girls who were soccer and basketball players are now competing for places on a cheer leading team. As more girls attempt to become cheerleaders, sports teams suffer from a lack of good players.
71．What cheerleaders should do is to lead the crowd .
A．to take part in competitions B．to cheer for their favorite teams
C．to be quick and strong D．to be good high jumpers
72．Which of the following sentences is NOT true about cheerleaders?
A．They should be quick and strong.
B．They are expected to be dancers and singers.
C．They must be in top physical shape.
D．They must be able to jump high.
73．Cheerleaders are improving their skills by .
A．exercising and lifting weights B．dancing and singing
C．attending different competitions D．watching all kinds of ball games
74．According to the last paragraph we can know that .
A．girls like to become leaders B．it is easy for girls to be cheerleaders
C．sports teams have no good players D．more and more girls try to be cheerleaders
75．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Cheerleaders are part of athletic competitions.
B．Why cheerleaders are so important.
C．What makes good cheerleaders and how they work.
D．Differences between college and high school cheerleaders.
第Ⅱ卷（共35分）
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误.对标题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边的横线上划（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Since my primary school days I have always found it 76．
easily to get on well with boys . Unfortunately , this 77．
means there have always had many rumors about me . 78．
When I was primary school pupil , I had a friend 79．
who was a boy . We often played with games and wrote 80．
homework together . We were good friends shared happiness 81．
and sorrow . But our friendship stopped because a 82．
rumour which we loved each other . I couldn’t 83．
bear it and paid no attention on him from then on . 84．
As a result , we never saw each other again before we 85．
graduated from primary school .
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
最近，江苏徐州仿照女模式海选20名“魅力教师”，引发了众多争议，为此你班学生以“Do you think this contest is good ?”进行了辩论。请你就同学们的讨论情况给某英语报社写一篇100—120字的文章，开头已给出，不计入总字数。
| Pros | Cons |
| 教师应该向公众展示他们的各种才能而不仅是局限于教室 | 教学不是娱乐，教师没必要相貌好看，因此有它有误导作用 |
| 可以帮助改变人们对老师的看法，以为教师严肃、辛勤的形象 | 对那些年龄大且有丰富教学经验的教师不公平。 |
注意：不要逐字逐句翻译，可适当添加内容：
参考词汇：辛勤的industrious；
A Charming Teacher contest was launched recently in Xuzhou , Jiangsu Province . Seclecting charming teachers using the “Super Girl” model has raised a lot of debate .
参考答案
听力：1 – 5 CACAC 6 – 10 ABCBA 11 – 15 BCABB 16 – 20 CACAC
单项：21 – 35 DCADA BADDC CDABD
完形：36 – 55 CBDAD CABAD BABAC BDCAC
阅读：56 – 75 BCD BADC CCDB DDBD BBADC
改错：76．正确 77．easily – easy 78．had – been 79．在was 后加a
80．去掉with 81．shared – sharing 82．Because后加of 83．which – that
84．on – to 85．before – after
书面表达：A suggested version:
Some students in our class think the contest is very good because they believe teachers should show their talent in public instead of just being limited to the classroom. At the same time, it can help change teachers’ image which used to be only serious and industrious.
However, other students think the other way round. They hold the view that teaching is not entertainment, so it’s unnecessary for a teacher to be good – looking, and holding such a contest is just misleading the teacher’s role. On the other hand, it is unfair to the older teachers who have a wealth of teaching experience. They can teach students better and that’s where a teacher’s real charm lies.
听力录音稿
Text 1
M : Only twenty of us have passed the exam.
W : So that’s one third of your class, isn’t it?
Text 2
M : You won’t believe that Bill did last night! He moved his piano by himself.
W : You’re kidding. He shouldn’t have done that. He could have broken his back.
Text 3
M : Late again! If this happens a third time, I’ll fire you.
W : Never again.
Text 4
M : Are you going to be a teacher after graduation?
W : Of course, I’ve been dreaming about it for years. How about you?
M : I’m not sure. My father wants me to be a translator.
W : But don’t you think it’s tiring to translate all day long?
Text 5
M : I’ll meet you at the office round about six.
W : When did you say?
M : Round about six. Mr Wang will also come.
W : Who will come?
M : Wang, the instructor. We’ll discuss next week’s class outing.
W : Sorry. I didn’t quite catch what you said. It’s too noisy here.
Text 6
M : Hi, Sue, how’s it going?
W : Oh, hi, Frank, Just fine. How are your grades?
M : Pretty good. I’m glad this is my last term here, though.
W : Why is that? I thought you were enjoying school.
M : I was, but now I’m getting tired of it. I’m ready for the real world.
W : What are you planning to do when you graduate?
M : First I want to travel a little bit, and then get a good job as a computer specialist.
W : Sounds good. I still have three terms to go before I graduate.
M : You’ll make it! Well, see you later.
Text 7
M : Next, please.
W : Yes, how much does a train ticket to New Your cost?
M : $40.
W : That’s really a bit expensive. Are there any other trains going there?
M : Well, there’s the late train that arrives in New York at midnight and then continues on to Boston the next morning.
W : How much is that then?
M : The ticket for the late train is $20.
W : That sounds better. I’d like one ticket, please.
M : Ok, one ticket, late train to New York. $20 please.
W : Here you are.
M : Have a nice trip.
Text 8
M : What did you think of the lecture?
W : I thought it was very interesting.
M : Did you really?
W : Yes, didn’t you?
M : Certainly not. I thought he talked a lot of rubbish.
W : So you think you know more than he does.
M : Well, take coal for instance.
W : What about it ?
M : Coal won’t become important again.
W : Why not?
M : It’s too dirty. They won’t be able to find people to work down coal mines in the future.
W : They’ll invent new kinds of machinery.
M : Nonsense. The only sort of power they’ll use in the future is atomic power.
Text 9
W : Oh, my god, it’s really a headache job to decide which car we should choose to buy.
M : Yeah, but anyway you should give your opinion. You know this will be our first car.
W : I think we should get a large car because once we have children, we won’t be able to afford a new car. We have to get something big enough for all of us. That is what most families have thought about when buying the first car.
M : But a large one will burn a lot of gas. You know the gas will cost us a lot.
W : That’s true. I guess we have a lot of things to think about before we decide what to get. Let’s start looking around and asking questions.
M : We can also talk to our friend Tami. He should be able to help us out.
Text 10
One of the world’s largest and oldest trees is being held tightly to death, plant – lovers claim.
The tree, known as “Tane Mahuta” , is about 2,000 years old and is a big tourist attraction in the Waipoua Forest north of Auckland, New Zealand. A local paper reported on the last day of 1999. A famous professor, Stephen King said the tree’s top layer of crown was thinning and its base started to go bad. “When the two conditions come together, as the disease of the tree travels down from the top, the tree will be finished,” he said. “Generally speaking, a cancer has set in, ” Mr. King said the tree, with a diameter of 4.4 metres at its widest, should have enjoyed another 500 years of life, but could be dead by the end of the next century. If the condition of the root goes bad enough, one bad storm could crash the weak Tane Mahuta, which already has 2.5 metres leant. A viewing platform built around the huge tree had failed to stop people from trying to touch the trunk.