永康市明珠学校高三年级第四次月考　 2005.11

　　英语试卷　出卷人：刘世军金建良

第I卷（二部分，共100分）

第一部分英语知识运用（共2节，满分50分）

第一节：语法和词汇知识（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —I’ve made some pancakes. I hope you will enjoy them.

　—　　　　 .

　A. Oh, you’ve made so many　　　　　B. We can’t eat all of them

　C. It must have taken you much time　　 D. Wonderful! Thanks. We like them

2. 　　　　 Sunday, the students are at home, preparing for the games.

　A. Being　　 B. To be　　 C. It is　　　　 D. It being

3. I think, though I could be mistaken, 　　　　 he liked me.

　A. who　　　　B. which　　C. that　　　　D. what

4. I’m afraid nobody but his parents and Jim, his best friend, 　　　 the secret.

　A. are going to tell　　　　 B. has been told　　　　 C. have told　　　D. have been told

5. Recently CCTV station has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the important 　　 of 2004.

　A. business　　　　　　 B. events　　　　C. matters　　　　　 D. things

6. Dressed untidily and speaking in a strange way, Father must have 　　　　 to the people present to be a silly old man.

　A. appeared　　　B. pretended　　　　　 C. shown　　　　D. thought

7. —We’re going camping this weekend. Could I borrow your camera?

　—　　　, but there’s no film in it.

　A. I hope not　　　 B. No problem　　　 C. I’m not sure　　　 D. I hope so

8. The famous basketball star, 　　　 tried to make a comeback（东山再起）, attracted a lot of attention.

　A. where　　　　 B. when　　　 C. which　　　 D. who

9. —What were you doing when the earthquake happened?

　—I 　　　 away my books and 　　　 to bed.

　A. had just put; was going　　　　　　 B. was just putting; went

　C. just put; had gone　　　　　　　　 D. have just put; gone

10. I forgot where I read the article,　or I 　　　 it to you.

　 A. would show　　　 B. shall show　　　 C. am going to show　　 D. am showing

11. He got to the train station only 　　　 the train had gone.

　 A. to tell　　　　　 B. to be told　　　　 C. told　　　　　 D. telling

12. —Where will you start your work after graduation, in the south or in the north?

　 —Mm, it’s not been decided yet. I 　　　 continue my study for a higher degree.

　 A. dare　　　　　 B. must　　　　 C. would　　　　 D. might

13. Hardly 　　　 the lab when the power 　　　 off.

　 A. had we left; was　　　　　 B. we had left; was

　 C. had we left; had been　　　　D. we had left; had been

14. 　　　 never satisfies his daughter who always envies her rich classmates.

　 A. No matter what he does　　　　　　　　 B. No matter how hard he tries

　 C. Whatever he does　　　　　　　　　　 D. However hard he tries everything

15. Technology will play 　　　 role in sports, when winning is everything and ethics（道德规范）mean nothing.

　 A. a biggest　　　　 B. the bigger　　　　C. a bigger　　　　 D. biggest

16. After almost thirty years of no direct flights, 　　　 US passenger plane on Thursday left San Francisco, California for 　　　 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, formerly known as Saigon.

A. a; 不填　　　B. the; 不填　　　C. a; the　　　　D. the; the

17. —Have you seen Michael recently?

　 —Yes, in fact I saw him this morning. I 　　　 him for two years.

　 A. haven’t seen　　　　　 B. hadn’t seen　　　　C. didn’t see　　 D. don’t see

18. His ability has never been in doubt — the question is 　　　 he is prepared to work hard.

　 A. that　　　　 B. what　　　 C. since　　　　D. whether

19. The old couple preferred a flat in a small town to 　　　 in so large a city as Chongqing.

　 A. this　　　　 B. it　　　 C. that　　　　D. one

20. You will never 　　　 all your work tonight if you don’t fix your attention on it.

　 A. get through　　　　 B. get on with　　　 C. get back　　　 D. get over

第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Creativity（创造力）is the key to a brighter future, say education and business experts. Here is 21 schools and parents can encourage this important skill in children.

If Dick Drew had listened to his 22 in 1925, we might not have a product that we now think of as of great importance: a new type of 23 . Drew worked for the Minnesota Minting Company. 24 he developed a kind of material strong enough to hold things together. 25 his boss told him not to think more about the 26 . Finally, using his own time, Drew improved the tape, 27 now is used everywhere by many people. And his former company learned from its 28 . Now it encouraged people to 29 15 percent of their work time just thinking and developing new ideas.

Creativity is not 30 one is just born with, nor is it necessarily a character of high 31 . Just being highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively. Creativity is the matter of using the resources one has to produce 32 ideas that are good for something. 33 , schools have not tried to encourage creativity. With strong attention test results and the development of reading, writing and mathematical skills many educators 34 creativity for correct answers. The result is that children can 35 information but can’t recognize ways to use it in new situations. They may know the rules correctly, but they are unable to use them to 36 practical problems.

It is important to give children choices. From the earliest age, children should be allowed to 37 and understand their results. Even if it’s choosing between two food items for lunch, decision-making helps 38 skills. As children grow older, 39 should let their children decide how to use their time or spend their money, but not help them too much if they make the wrong decision. The child may 40 , but that is all right. This is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong desire to find a way out of trouble.

21. A. way	B. how	C. what	D. where
22. A. teacher	B. director	C. boss	D. headmaster
23. A. tape	B. product	C. company	D. material
24. A. On business	B. At work	C. At table	D. At home
25. A. Meanwhile	B. However	C. While	D. But
26. A. idea	B. dream	C. wish	D. job
27. A. this	B. that	C. what	D. which
28. A. discovery	B. invention	C. mistake	D. decision
29. A. spend	B. waste	C. cost	D. save
30. A. anything	B. something	C. everything	D. nothing
31. A. ability	B. activity	C. intelligence	D. quality
32. A. old	B. popular	C. dangerous	D. new
33. A. Unfortunately	B. Merely	C. Excitedly	D. Fortunately
34. A. give in	B. give up	C. give out	D. give off
35. A. give back	B. make up	C. ask for	D. bring up
36. A. work at	B. work out	C. work for	D. work on
37. A. take time	B. follow instructions	C. break rules	D. make decisions
38. A. performing	B. choosing	C. thinking	D. deciding
39. A. teachers	B. managers	C. parents	D. coaches
40. A. have a good time	B. make progress	C. lead a poor life	D. have a breakdown

第二部分　阅读理解（共25小题，第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题2分，满分50分）

第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

Life is never easy for the disabled. To improve understanding and raise support for people with disabilities, the United Nations made December 3 the International Day of Disabled Persons in 1992.

One way that life for the disabled can be improved is through new technology.

A recent development is an “electronic eye” that can be fitted to a pair of glasses to help the blind cross roads more safely. Last Monday, Japanese researchers said the new device（装置）uses a camera and computer to sense the location（位置）of a crossing point, its width and the colour of traffic lights. The camera would be at eye level, and be connected to a tiny computer. It would relay information using a voice speech system. It would give commands and information through a small speaker placed near the ear. The scientists are now working on the best way to put the device into a pair of glasses that a blind person can wear.

In another development, new technology is opening up the world of computers for the disabled. Thanks to a hands-free device invented in Canada, using a computer will soon be a lot easier for disabled people. The “Nouse”, short for “nose as mouse”, uses movements at the tip of the user’s nose to direct the cursor（光标）on the screen. Once the computer is turned on, an ordinary Web cam (computer camera) takes a close up photo of the tip of the nose. It then mirrors the nose’s movements on screen to move the cursor, just as a hand would normally move a mouse.

The Nouse is also programmed to let users give orders by blinking（眨眼）. “For example, the right mouse click would require the user to blink twice and the left mouse click would require the user to blink three times,” explained a researcher.

“Devices such as the Nouse are wonderful because they give disabled people greater independence,” said Penn-Symons, chief excutive（首席执行官）of British charity（慈善团体）Disabled Living Foundation.

41. Through an “electronic eye”, a blind man can 　　　 how to go forward.

　 A. see　　　 B. hear　　　 C. feel　　　 D. guess

42. If a disabled man want to make two right mouse clicks and three left mouse clicks, how many times should he blink, according to the example of using the Nouse in the fifth paragraph?

　 A. Five times.　　 B. Ten times.　　　C. Fifteen times.　　　 D. Thirteen times.

43. This text generally tells how to help disabled men through 　　　 .

　 A. electronic eye　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. the Nouse

　 C. setting the International Day of Disabled Persons　　　 D. high technology

44. How many main ways to help the disabled men does this passage refer to?

　 A. One.　　　　 B. Two.　　　　 C. Three.　　　 D. Four.

B

In our day of the automobile and paved highway few people ever experience quicksand（流沙）. Yet quicksand is still common in many parts of the country. It may be more dangerous for being less familiar.

Quicksand is usually found along the shores and in the beds of rivers. It is simply sand saturated（渗透的）with water from beneath, as from a spring. The water flowing into the sand separates the grains. The suspended（悬浮的）grains give way rather easily, and a heavy object placed on the surface is likely to sink. How fast it sinks depends on its weight and surface area.

How does one detect quicksand? It cannot be done by the eye alone, since sand which looks firm may suddenly collapse and trap anyone who ventures out on it. The only way to be sure is to test the sand before walking on it. For test probing（探测）a pole or a long stick should be used. If pole sinks more than six inches, the sand is probably quicksand.

A traveler who stumbles（失足）into quicksand will soon sink to the depth of his knees. If he stands still or struggles wildly, he will sink even further. He should at once lie on his back and stretch out his arms. Contrary to popular notion, quicksand does not suck objects down, and will support more weight than water alone. While the trapped person “floats” on the surface of the sand, rescuers should build a platform with boards or branches. Then they can pull him out slowly.

If the trapped person is alone, he can rescue himself. When he is in the floating position, he should begin rolling towards solid ground. Rolling is the only way of getting free. It should be done with frequent rests, so that the trapped legs to safety, and quickly scramble out of the quicksand.

45. The main purpose of this passage is to tell us 　　　 .

　 A. how quicksand is formed　　　 B. quicksand is difficult to avoid

　 C. how to detect and escape from quicksand　　　D. where quicksand is found

46. According to the passage, quicksand is usually found 　　　.

　 A. on hillside　　　 B. near valleys　　　 C. far inland　　　 D. near water

47. For detecting quicksand the author recommends 　　　.

　 A. good eyesight　　　　B. walking fast

　 C. the use of a long pole　　　　　 D. testing the surface with your shoes

48. To escape from quicksand you should be 　　　 .

　 A. calm　　　　 B. excited　　　　 C. strong　　　　 D. daring

C

Welcome to the National Maritime Museum

The National Maritime（海洋的）Museum is the largest of its kind in the world, with over two million items in its collections. Twenty galleries exhibit some of the finest sea affairs in historic buildings, which were formerly a school for the sons of seamen.

Opening times

10:00～17:00 Winter hours

10:00～18:00 Summer hours

Last admission is thirty minutes before closing. Smoking is not allowed in the museum. Eating and drinking are only allowed in the appointed areas. Photography and video are not permitted inside the building.

Bookings

Our Central Booking Group handles all group visit enquiries, from schools, group organizers and tour operators.

Education and Interpretation（解说）

Schools’ programmes operate in term-time, Programmes of talks, tours, workshops, storytelling, living history and interpretation are run throughout the year, expecially at weekends and during school holidays.

E-library

Facilities（设备）are provided for electronic access（接触）to the museum’s collections. Please ask a worker for directions to the nearest terminals（终端）. These facilities are also available from the comfort of your own lome.

49. This passage mainly tells us 　　　.

　 A. how to book to go to the museum　　　　B. the times to visit the museum

　 C. a brief introduction to the museum　　　　D. the museum is a good place to visit for students

50. Which o f the following is certainly forbidden according to the passage?

　 A. Trying to enter the museum after 5:00 p.m.

　 B. Taking pictures in front of the museum.

　 C. Talking freely when you enjoy the collections.

　 D. Eating and drinking wherever you are in the museum.

51. From the passage we learn that 　　　 .

　 A. the museum runs a school and has students of its own

　 B. students can receive different kinds of education here

　 C. part of school education has to be done in the museum

　 D. school programmes are only run at weekends and on holidays

For more than two days in September 1974, the people of Honduras shut their windows, locked their doors and covered in their homes. Fifi was outside, and they were frightened.

By the time Fifi had left, 8,000 people were dead. Fifi wasn’t a pet dog as the name suggested. It was a hurricane, one of the most destructive natural phenomena in the world.

Why did we give human names to storms and hurricanes?

We didn’t always. Two hundred years ago, many hurricanes in the Caribbean were named after the saint’s（基督教徒的）day on which the storm occurred. Later, storms were known by the name of the city where they came ashore.

Meteorologists（气象学家）then tried naming storms after the latitude（纬度）and longitude（经度）where they occurred.

Finally, in 1953, hurricanes started getting people’s names－specifically, female names. Male names were added in 1979.

There are six sets of names for what the experts call “Atlantic tropical cyclones”.

Each list is used every six years and consists of 21 names, starting with every letter but Q,U,X,Y and Z. The names alternate（交替）between male and female.

A storm won’t get a name until its winds reach 39 mph or about 62.4 kph, at which point it becomes a tropical storm. At 74 mph or 118.4 kph it’s declared a hurricane.

The 126 names on the list are used only for storms that form off the Atlantic coast of the US. There are separate lists for the Pacific.

So what happens if a hurricane should cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific? It happened before. The storm just gets a new name and sometimes a new sex.

Max Mayfield is the director of the National Hurricane Centre, in Miami, Florida. He’s in charge of picking new names for storms off the Atlantic coast.

He doesn’t do it alone, though. His counterparts in two dozen other countries in the Caribbean, Central America and North America vote on what names will replace retired names.

52. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　 A. There were not hurricanes two centuries ago.

　 B. The Caribbean is a state of the United States.

　 C. The Caribbean is a place where hurricanes often occur.

　 D. Fifi was formed off the Pacific.

53. The names for storms and hurricanes, as this passage shows, 　　　.

　 A. are set for use　　　　　　　　　　　 B. are all from American English

　 C. are difficult to spell　　　　　　　　　 D. are easy to fix

54. The underlined word “counterparts” in last paragraph means 　　　.

　 A. citizens holding the same opinion　　　　 B. people with a similar position or function

　 C. passengers traveling by sea　　　　　　 D. friends or relalives working abroad

55. Which list could be used to name the five storms from the Atlantic in a year?

　 A. David, Helen, Jack, Mike, Lucy　　　　B. Lucy, Mary, Owen, Tina, Peter

　 C. Sam, Tina, Victor, Victoria, Jean　　　 D. Peter, Rose, Sam, Teresa, Victor

E

Divorce（离婚）rates have markedly increased in many countries since World War Ⅱ and in some countries have been on the increase since the early 20^th century. Attitudes toward divorce have changed in this period, with the general trend toward tolerance（宽容）of the practice. Although the statistics are highly variable for overall rates, a number of connections can be drawn between divorce and other factors.

First, divorce rates are affected by national conditions. Historical studies have shown that, in general, fewer divorces occur in times of economic depression and more in times of prosperity（昌盛）or war. The frequency（频率）of divorce in the United States, for example, nearly doubled during World War Ⅱ.

Second, divorce rates are affected by factors related to social conditions, including ethnic（种族的）group, religion, class, and economic background. Divorce rates can be expected to be higher in groups that give less stigma to divorce than in those that give more. The backgrounds of partners have a more effect on divorce. Studies of racially mixed marriages, for example, show that these may bring specific patterns within specific cultures. One study in the United States suggested far greater stability（稳定）in marriages of black husbands and white wives than those of white husbands and black wives. Such differences no doubt depend on sex roles in American society generally, or they may be related to the kinds of people who are most likely to marry outside their group.

Third, divorce rates vary according to the family cycle itself. Many studies have pointed to the fact that the longer a couple has been married, the more likely it is to remain so. Divorce rates are highest among the young, and, if a marriage lasts its first few years, there is an increased possibility that it will continue. Another factor is the presence of children as a prevention to divorce. Experiential studies have shown, however, that this factor is much less significant than commonly believed. All things considered, people have little reason to continue an unhappy marriage.

56. Divorce rates are expected to be higher 　　　 .

　 A. in Western societies　　　　 B. in times of economic depression

　 C. in groups that tend to give bad names to divorced people

　 D. in marriages of white husbands and black wives

57. The underlined word “stigma” in the third paragraph most probably means 　　　 .

　 A. understanding　　 B. appreciation　　　C. dishonor　　 D. praise

58. It can be inferred from the passage that 　　　.

　 A. there is little possibility for a newly married couple to get divorced

　 B. divorce rates vary little with the length of a marriage

　 C. the shorter a couple has been married, the more likely they divorce

　 D. the presence of children is a significant prevention to divorce

59. According to the passage, which of the following factors does NOT affect divorce rates?

　 A. The economic condition of a country.

　 B. Whether people’s parents experienced divorce.

　 C. People’s attitudes towards divorce.

　 D. The religion people believe in.

60. The proper title for this passage should be 　　 .

　 A. The Frequency of Divorce　　　　 B. Attitudes toward Divorce

　 C. The Change of Attitude toward Divorce　　D. Experiential Studies on Divorce Rates

第二节：阅读下列材料，从所给的六个选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。

The words below were all spoken by the Chinese athletes and a coach who went to Athens to compete in the 28th Olympic Games. Below their words there are six passages A－F, describing how they performed in the games and the results. Decide which of the athletes said each of the sentences 61-65 and then mark the correct letter（A－F）on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

　　　 61. “I don’t know what’s happened to them, it’s just not their day.”

　　　 62. “To start with, I was a bit nervous, but the more I did it, the more confidence I got.”

　　　 63. “I didn’t know I broke the world record until you told me of it. I tried my best in the competition and shot to my normal form”

　　　 64. “ I just thought the gold was ours. The pressure was there. After jumping into the air, I knew the gold was lost.”

　　　 65. “ I told myself to lift the weights. I simply couldn’t afford to let go of the opportunity. And I made it. The 12 years of hard work paid off.”

A Zhu qinan told Xinhua News Agency after shocking the world by getting the men’s 10m air rifle gold at the Athens Olympics on Monday. Zhu, 20, who is competing in his first Olympics, shot 103.7 points in the final to tally 702.7, a new world record, Li Jie grabbed the silver with 701.3 points. World number one Jozef Gonci of the Czech Republic took the bronze at 697.4 points. Zhu, who had only made two appearances in international competition, was the top qualifier, in the 10-shot final at 599 points, only one point shy of a world record for the qualification round. He maintained his lead throughout the final, with nine shots over 10 points.

B AURELIAN GEORGESCU, Romanian coach, said of the Chinese men gymnasts. The Chinese men, who won the team title in Sydney four years ago, saw two of three competitors slip on their landing, for unexpected scores. Their errors continued on the horizontal bar, where TengHaibin scored his third worst point of 9.125, following an 8.662 and 8.737 for the floor and bars, to seal their finish in Athens.

They placed fourth in the qualifications and finished fifth in the final on Tuesday Morning.

C WANG KENAN, who made a fatal mistake in the final dive of the men’s 3m synchronized springboard（跳板）and smashing the hopes of winning China’s 11th gold. Wang and teammate Peng Bo were leading before the final dive. But they watched the hosts get their first gold medal at the Games. Zhou Jihong, manager of the Chinese diving team, said Wang was not mentally tough at the crucial（关键的）moment.

D LUO XUEJUAN, three-time world champion, was under a lot of pressure in her attempt to win the women’s 100m breaststroke on Monday.

The 20-year-old Luo wanted to realize the Chinese team’s dream o f being a leader in the water.

And, win she did, with an Olympic record time of 1:06.64, missing the world record by 0.27.

“This is the most unforgettable moment of my life,” said a tearful Luo after taking the first swimming gold medal for China at the Athens Olympics.

E CHEN YANQING, who returned to the lifting scene last November after two years of retirement, told reporters. Chen lived up to the strongwoman reputation Monday, winning the gold in the women’s 58 kg class at the Athens Games. Chen snatched（抓）107.5 kg and jerked 130.0 for a total of 237.5. The 5 kg advantage in the snatch proved to be the decisive factor. The 25-year-old Chen faced great pressure because of the squad’s ambition of taking the golds and the unexpected failure of teammate Li Zhuo in the women’s 48 kg slot on Saturday. Chen was frustrated by her failure to make the Sydney Olympics team and had thought that was the conclusion of her weightlifting journey. So she retired in 2001. But she began her training again last November, gradually adding weight to her barbell（杠铃）to improve.

F DU LI, who beat world No 1 Russia’s Lioubov Galkina in the final of the women’s 10-meter air rifle to win the first gold medal in the Athens games for China. Du won with a dramatic turnaround on the last shot. On their final attempts, Li shot after Galkina. When her winning score was posted, the crowd, which had previously held its applause until after all competitors had finished, erupted. Li’s overall score of 502 points set an Olympic record.

明珠学校高三英语第四次月考卷答卷

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

[E]

[F]

第Ⅱ卷（共50分）

第三部分写作（共三节，满分50分）

第一节单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母或汉语注释，在句子右边的横线上写出各单词的完全形式。（每空只写一词）

66. You should c　　　　（集中）on the road when you are driving.

67. They a　　　　（任命）James Cook as the commander of the Endeavourer.

68. There is no clear e　　　（证据）to show just how well ads work, but they are important to both companies and consumers.

69. The d　　　（献身）of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.

70. She r　　　（像）her sister in looks. It’s hard to tell one from the other.

71. Don’t judge a person only by his a　　（外表）.

72. The man was a　　　（控告）of cheating in the exam.

73. Over 100 people attended the m　　　（追悼）meeting.

74. He was tired of his wife’s c　　　（不断）complaints.

75. Have more p　　　（耐心）; the bus will soon come.

66. 　　　　　　67.　　　　　　68. 　　　　　　69. 　　　　　　70. 　　　　　

71. 　　　　　　72.　　　　　　73. 　　　　　　74. 　　　　　　75. 　　　　　

第二节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

I had a bad day yesterday. I left my house early, and

stopped at a store to buy a newspaper. Before I got out of

my car, I locked the door. Unfortunately, I was locked my

keys in the car. So I had to walk home to get my another car

keys. When I got home, I realized my house key in the

locking car, too. So I climbed into a back window of my

house. Some children saw me ran to the police. The police

came and arrested me for stealing. He didn’t believe my

story. I called my sister. She soon reached and explained

everything with the police. Finally, she drove me to work.

76. 　　　　　

77. 　　　　　

78. 　　　　　

79. 　　　　　

80. 　　　　　

81. 　　　　　

82. 　　　　　

83. 　　　　　

84. 　　　　　

85. 　　　　　

第三节书面表达（满分30分）

目前医疗费不断攀升，有人因付不起昂贵的医疗费

而只好忍受疾病的折磨。人们强烈吁政府建立有效的医

疗保障体制。请根据右面图画，以“Health Care”为题写

一篇短文，简要说明图画中所表壳的内容，重点阐述这

种现象所带来的后果和你的观点。

注意：1．短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息，并

作适当发挥，使短文内容连贯、完整；2. 词数：100左右。

答案：

1-5 DDCBB　6-10 ABDAA　11-15 BDACC 16-20 ABDDA

21-25 BCABD 26-30 ADCAB 31-35 CDABA 36-40 BDCCD

41-45 BDDBC　46-50 DCACD　51-55 BCABD　56-60DCCBA

61-65 BFACE

66.concentrate 67.appointed　68. evidence　69 devotion 70 resembles

71.appearance　72.accused　 73 memorial　74 constant　 75 patience

76 正确　77. Before ---when　 78.去掉was 79.another---other

80.在key 后加was　 81.locking –locked 82. ran 前加 and

83.He ----They　 84 reached ---arrived　85 with ---to

范文（略）