Unit 1 Madame Curie
一、目标浏览
[重点词语] doubt admit provide believe in devote…to above all
have an effect on / upon… share…with give off, pay off,
in honour of, make money out of, succeed in… set off
[重点句型] I’m not sure if / whether…
There is no doubt that…
I doubt w/h词+从句
[语法焦点] 复习定语从句
[口语交际] 表示肯定与不肯定
[能力指导] 写作训练 (一) :如何写人的生平介绍
完形填空(一): 设题原则
[听力指导] 听力的要求
二、课文导学
[背景介绍]
Marie Sklodowska was born in 1867 in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, where her father was a teacher. Polish teachers were not well paid, and Marie’s father could not afford a university education for her, so she had to work as a governess. When she had enough money from her savings, she went to study at the most famous French university, the Sorbonne in Paris. She had a very difficult life in Paris, but she graduated with honours in physics and mathematics. Then she got a job as a research scientist. While she was doing her research she met Pierre Curies. Her friendship with this French scientist resulted in their marriage in 1895. They worked together and discovered radium. In 1903, Marie and Pierre won the Nobel Prize for physics. A few years later, in 1906, Pierre was run over in the street by a heavy wagon, and died of his injuries. But Marie continued to work, and won the Nobel Prize again in 1911. She died in 1934.
[释疑解惑]
1.Four doctors are at medical conference.四位医生正在进行医学交流。
介词at与抽象名词连用可用来表示正在进行的事情，或表示主语所处的状态。 例如：
The family are at table. 全家正在吃饭。
At that time France and Prussia were at war.那时，法国和普鲁士在打仗。
2.It has nothing to do with it at all. 这和你目前的研究毫无关系。
1〕主语it 指上面提到的the talk on cancer, 而介词with 后面的it 指your present research
2〕to have something/ nothing/ anything /a lot to do with 意思是与/跟……有/没有/有什么/有很大关系 , 相当于to have some /no /any /a lot of connection with.例如:
The crash of the airplane had something to do with the weather.飞机的失事与天气有关.
Don’t have anything to do with those people.不要跟这些人有什么瓜葛.
3.I am not sure whether to go to the one about accident.
是否去听有关意外事故的报告,我还不一定哩。
1)I am (not ) sure……后面跟从句，表示“对某事有（没有）把握”，或
“对某事（不）肯定”。在这一用法中，主语必须是人。例如：
We are not sure whether they would come or not.
我们不能确定他们是否会来。
I’m quite sure that I left the key on the desk.
我确实把钥匙落在书桌上了。
I am not sure what we should do next. 我不能确定下一步该怎么办。
2)one在这里是代词，代替前面的speech注意代词one (ones)只能代替可数名词，它的所有格为one’s。它若被this, that, these, those修饰时可以省略one(s)。
4.How did you find the talk this morning? 你觉得今天上午的讲座怎样？
此句型是How…find 意思是“你对……觉得怎么样？”用来征求对方对某
事的看法和意见。动词find后面常跟用形容词作宾语补语的复合宾语结构，
例如：
--How do you find the film? 你觉得这部电影怎样？
--I found it very moving. 我觉得这电影很感人。
在英语口语中征求对方意见常见的有下面句型：
What do you think of / about…？ Tell me what you think about…？
How do you like…？
5．Have fun. (Enjoy yourself)祝你愉快！ fun为不可数名词，在这表示“乐趣”，“有趣”, 又如：
What fun!(=How enjoyable!)
6.She will go over the answers.她将检查这些答案。
go over 作“检查”，“审阅”解。 例如：
After you finish the test, go over it again to look for mistakes.
作完试卷后要再检查一遍以免有错误。
7.Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of radium.居里夫人作为镭元
素的发现者，将永远被人们所怀念。
1)
Madame 读作[
m d m]或[m ’da:m ]来自法语,用法与Mrs.相同，此处是“夫人”之意。
2)remember在此处的意思是“怀念”，“纪念”，“铭记”。（=keep in mind ,not to forget） 例如:
Abraham Lincoln will be remembered as one of the greatest leaders by American people.
亚伯拉罕·林肯作为最杰出的领袖之一，将永远被美国人民所怀念。
Her kindness will always be remembered by us. 我们将永远记住她的好意。
8. When she was young, she became interested in physics and read as many books as she
could on the subject.她年轻时就对物理感兴趣；并尽可能多地阅读有关物理学方面
的书籍。
1）become interested in 意为“对……感兴趣”。
和它近义的词组还有
have/take / show/ feel / find interest in… 产生/表现/感兴趣
上面词组中的interest为名词
2）在as …as这个结构中，第一个as是副词，修饰它后面的形容词或副词；
第二个as是连词，用来连接后面的词组或句子， 例如：
Write as clearly as you can. 尽量写清楚些。
Answer the question as loud as possible. 尽可能大声地回答问题。
9. She had very little money to live on, ate very little and was always cold in winter.
她的生活费很少，吃得很少，冬天还经常挨冻。
动词不定式to live on作定语，修饰名词money。
这里不定式是由不及物动词构成的，它与被修饰的词是状语关系。
这样该不及物动词后面要有必要介词。
例如：Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸，未写字
There is nothing to worry about 没有什么可担心的。
He is a good comrade to work with.他是一位可与之共事的好同志。
10.Not long before another scientist had found that uranium gave off rays. …
不久前另一位科学家发现了铀能够发出射线,…
give off 是“散发”，“发出”的意思。 例如：
Roast ducks give off a delicious smell. 烤鸭散发出极香的味道。
Boiling water gives off steam.沸腾的水发出水蒸汽。
11.There was a certain mineral, which was even more radioactive than uranium.
有一种矿物质，它具有的放射性甚至比铀还强。
1）certain是形容词，是“某个”，“某种”解。表达了并不十分确切地知道“某人”
或“某事”之意。例如：
Her daughter is working in a certain hospital in Beijing. 她的女儿在北京某家医院工作。
Under certain conditions,water becomes ice. 在一定条件下，水可以变成冰。
2）在which引导一定语从句中，副词even修饰了句中形容词比较级more radioactive.
3）可用来修饰比较级的副词和短语还有：much, far , even ,still , a little, a great deal, by far 等
Let’s work harder to win still greater success.
让我们更加努力工作以取得更大的成功。
12.In 1898 she discovered the first of these new radioactive minerals which she
named “polonium” in honour of her motherland－Poland…
1898年，她发现了第一批这种新的放射性矿物质，为向她的祖国－波兰表
示敬意。她把这种矿物质取名为“钋”。
介词短语in honour of意思是“为了纪念/尊敬某人（某事）。” 例如：
We celebrate Teachers’ Day on September 10th every year in honour of our teachers.
我们每年九月十日庆祝教师节，向教师表示敬意。
13.They devoted all their hours to working in their laboratory.
他们把全部时间投入了实验工作。
devote …to 意为“奉献，致力于，专心于”，特别要注意.“ to”为介词，而不是
动词不定式符号。
例如： Mr Jackson devotes his attention to the study of Chinese.
杰克逊先生专心致志地研究汉语。
As a young man, Marx devoted himself to the revolution cause.
当马克思还是个青年的时候，就献身于革命事业了
14.We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.
我们必须工作，尤其重要的是我们必须对自己有信心、
1）above all 是插入语，意思是“首要的”，“尤其是”。
Never waste anything, but above all, never waste time.
任何东西都不可浪费，尤其不可以浪费时间。
2）believe in “信赖”，“信任”，“相信……之存在”，“信仰”，“相信……有价值”，之意。后接名词或代词，但不能接从句。 例如：
I wonder why a lot of people believe in God.
我奇怪为什么很多人信上帝。
We believe in Harry. He is an honest man.
我们信任哈里，他是个诚实的人。
注意believe和believe in 在意思上的不同believe sb./ sth意思是相信某人所说的话或某事的真实性。believe后接名词，代词，从句或带不定式的复合结构
例如：We believe that what he said is true. 我们相信他所说的话是真实的。
Do you believe the story to be true？你认为那故事是真的吗？
15.It looked like ordinary salt,but was one million times more radioactive than uranium.
看起来它就像普通的盐，而它的放射性却比铀要大一百万倍。
times名词，在这里表示倍数，下面介绍四种倍数表达法：
①A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
②A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B.
Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲的面积比欧洲大三倍
③A+be+倍数+the size / length /height /depth/width+of +B
Asia is four times the size of Europe.
④The size /length / height /depth /width+of +A+be +倍数+that of B.
The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.
要注意用time表示倍数时，一般只限于基数在内的三倍或三倍以
上；若表示两倍可用副词twice或形容词double
例如：Ten is double five. 十是五的二倍。
16.She refused to treat these discoveries as though they belonged to her,…
她不同意把这些新发现看作是属于她自己的东西……
1)as though = as if 是连词词组，意为“好似”，“就好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句，从句通常用虚拟语气
She loves the child as though he were her own.
她爱这个孩子，就像是她自己的儿子一样。
They spoke as if they had known about it.
听他们说话的口气，好像他们已经知道这件事了。
但注意as if / though 从句在与些动词，如look, smell, taste, sound连用时，可用陈述语气。
例如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
2)belong to 是个短语动词意为“属于……”；“为……所拥有。”
例如：Who does this bike belong to? 这辆自行车是谁的？
3)share sth. with sb. 和某人分享……
Premier Zhou shared the joys and sorrows with the people. 周总理与人民同甘共苦。
17.Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb. 钋用来引爆原子弹。
set off 用作及物动词，意为“使爆炸 / 爆发，”“使某人开始作某事。”
例如：The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch.
只要轻轻一碰，炸弹就可能爆炸。
The discovery of gold in California set off a rush to get there.
加利福尼亚发现了黄金，使得人们蜂拥前往。
set off 还可用作不及物动词，意为“出发”。
I have to set off at 7:00 every morning in order to get to the office on time.
为了准时到达办公室，我每天早晨7点就得动身。
18. Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with because it has a bad effect on the blood.
从事放射性物质工作是危险的，因为它对血液有不良影响。
have effect on是“对……有效，”“对……产生影响”的意思，effect可以被any/great/much/no /some/ little等词所修饰。
Punishment does not have much effect on the boy. 惩罚对这个孩子没起太大的作
用。
Did the medicine have any effect on you? 这药对你有效吗？
三、口语操练 Showing certainty and uncertainty
[常用句型]
Perhaps I’ll go to that party tonight.
Maybe it was useful for some people.
I am not sure if / whether……
I have no doubt that he is coming tomorrow.
I’m quite sure that there is going to rain this afternoon.
He may (not)go to the movie tonight.
What do you think is likely to happen?
It is (not)likely to blow hard later this afternoon.
Do you think it’s possible that it is going to be a close match.?
I don’t think so. (I think so.)
[示范引证]
Dialogue
Peggy: I’m terribly sorry, I’m late, Miss Olson. My alarm clock must have gone off.
Miss Olson: I see.
Peggy: I do apologize.
Miss Olson: It doesn’t matter. Don’t worry about it. These things might happen sometimes. Actually we haven’t begun our class.
Peggy: I’m sure it won’t happen again.
Miss Olson: Will you please hand in your homework before we begin our class?
Peggy: I’m sorry, Miss Olson. I was in such a hurry that I forgot to bring it here.
Miss Olson: I am quite sure you didn’t do it on purpose. I hope you’ll be more careful next
time.
四、语法精析
复习定语从句
本单元主要是复习定语从句，通过第三课的3组练习Practice (3-5)熟练掌握做定语从句的技巧。做好定语从句的关键在分析好定语从句中所缺少的成分；关联词在定语从句中作什么成分。例如：
1．The rays ______Marie studied were called “radioactive rays”.
该定语从句Marie studied 中少studied 的宾语，表示物的作宾语的关系代词是that或
which。因为作宾语的关系代词可以省略，所以该空也可不填词。
2．The institute ________Marie studied had very little equipment.
该定句从句Marie studied 中少studied的地点状语。所以该空要填关系副词where.
五、词语储存
1.doubt (v.): feel uncertain; not believe; not be sure 怀疑， 不相信
它有下面几种用法：
1）接名词或代词作宾语
I doubt the truth of it. 我怀疑这种事的真实性。
I doubt its correctness. 我对其正确性有所怀疑。
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt him. 他说他能治好我的病，但我不相信。
2）在否定句和疑问句中接that引导的宾语从句
I don’t doubt that Chinese diet is the healthiest in the world.
我相信中国的饮食是世界上最健康的饮食。
Do you doubt that he will win the prize? 你怀疑他会得奖吗？
3）在肯定句中一般接以whether或if引导的宾语从句
We doubt whether / if he will come to the meeting?
我们怀疑他是否会来开会。
另外doubt也可用做名词，意为“怀疑”（不可数），疑虑，不确定（可数）。例如，
There is no doubt that we’ll win the game.
我们赢得这场比赛是无可置疑的。
2．at all 用于不同的句型结构中可表示不同含义.
1）用于否定句中,意为“完全”，“丝毫”“根本”，如：
He doesn’t smoke at all. 他根本不抽烟。
2）用于问句，意为“究竟”， 例如：
Did you speak at all? 你究竟发言了没有？
3）用于条件句，意为“既然……就……”，例如，
Do it well if you do it at all. 既然要做，就得做好。
六、能力点拨
写作训练 (一):如何写一个人的生平事迹
人物介绍是对某个人物(去世的或在世的)生平事迹所做的简要的叙述, 让读者对他们一生的主要事例有所了解. 在写人物时,我们重点要注意以下几点:
1. 突出中心内容, 略加评论, 以免不切题.
2. 一般均以时间的顺序进行介绍, 以此为线索展开说明.
3. 叙述要精练, 以防过分的渲染, 从而造成 “喧宾夺主”的现象.
完形填空:(一)设题原则
高考完形填空设题目的是考查学生综合运用语言能力的整体深度。既考查基础知识运用的准确，又考查文章的理解能力。其设题原则是：
1．短文长度一般在250—300词之间,文章体裁一般为记叙文体与说明文体.段文的内容要求逻辑性强,结构严谨,层次分明,情节完整;
2．挖空20个,空距为10—15词之间;挖空疏密适当.第一句一般为提示句,不挖空,目的是给学生以足够的信息,使之进入角色.
3．题目设置一般单词填空,共80个词间或有短语词组选项.词性以实词为主,虚词为辅.但是这80个词逻辑均不一样,这是高考的趋向所在.
4．题型一般有四种:语篇理解、词语辨析、习语和逻辑、语法搭配。近几年高考前两种题型呈逐年上升的趋势，后两种呈逐年下降趋势。题目设置更加注重语境与上下文的理解。
请参看下面的一篇完形填空。
It is a strange, but a true story. About 10 years ago, I was walking along __1__ quiet London street one evening __2__ it suddenly began to rain. I had no raincoat or umbrella with me. No buses __3__ that street and there were no taxis __4__. As I was on my way to a party, I didn't want to get __5_. So I stood in a doorway and waited for the rain to stop. By and by it grew quite __6__, there wasn't a person around; and __7__ it rained and rained __8__ a young man came to the place where I was standing __9__ a large umbrella over his head. As I hoped he would __10__ me to walk to the next corner with him, __11__ I could have got a taxi, I stepped __12__ the dark doorway where I had been standing, and said, “ __13__, where are you going with the umbrella?”
__14__ by my sudden appearance, the young man __15__ the umbrella, which, I am afraid, he had just stolen, ran away and __16__ into the darkness. I picked up the umbrella and __17__ my walk. I knew it would be __18__ in this big city to try and discover the __19__ and so I have kept it __20__.
1. A. the B. one C. / D. a
2. A. when B. then C. before D. as
3. A. moved through B. ran through
C. went across D. passed through
4. A. all night long B. all over
C. in the distance D. in sight
5. A. tired B. back C. wet D. away
6. A. dark B. wet C. late D. helpless
7. A. naturally B. constantly C. already D. still
8. A. At once B. At last C. Strangely D. Secretly
9. A. raising B. carrying C. holding D. lifting
10. A. allow B. let C. agree D. promise
11. A. there B. where C. from which D. in which
12. A. into B. out of
C. towards D.from behind
13. A. By the way B. Pardon C. Excuse me D. Sorry
14. A. Encouraged B. Frightened C. Warned D. Forced
15. A. shut B. took C. dropped D. forgot
16. A. disappointed B. wandered C. marched D. sank
17 A. stopped B. started C. continued D. delayed
18. A. endless B. interesting C. exciting D. hopeless
19. A. storekeeper B. thief C. young man D. owner
20. A. ever since B. forever C. long enough D. in the end
答案:
1--5 D A B D C 6--10 A D B C A 11--15 B B C B C 16—20 A C D D A
七、综合反馈
Unit 1 Madame Curie
A 卷
I．词语练习 5%
A 按照所给的词头填空:
1．We all a________ the beautiful paintings.
2．Machines have a deep e________ on many things around us nowadays.
3．They faced the hardship of their journey with surprising c__________.
4．The e_________ in the room is quite out of date.
5．That child’s bad language a________ everyone in the room.
B 按照所给的词的正确形式填空:
1．He __________ food and clothes for her children. (provide)
2．The scientist devoted much time to his __________.(research)
3．Radium is still used today for __________ cancer. (cure)
4．Don’t be __________. You’ll have a chance to enter college. (discourage)
5．Coal and gold are both __________. (mineral)
II.选择填空 : 20%
1．A certain scientist discovered that there was something ______nature that gave ______ a kind of radiation.
A. in, out B. of, out C. of, off D. in, away
2．People need many good things but ______they need good education.
A. above all B. after all C. at all D. about all
3．I remember ______ to see the tiger in the zoo at the age of 8.
A. taking B. taken C. to be taken D. being taken
4．The government provides the research workers ______ laboratory equipment _____ their research.
A. with, for B. for, with C. by, by D. in, with
5．The laboratory in which she carried ______ her research was on the ground floor.
A. on B. out C. away D. back
6．We admire the old teacher ______ his devotion ______ duty.
A . for, to B. to , for C. to, to D. for, for
7．There was a time ______ women were not allowed ______ part in sports.
A. where… to take B. when… to take
C. when…taking D. where… taking
8. The sudden change of weather may have some ______ his health.
A. result on B. effect on C. result to D. effect in
9. Martin’s speech set ______ a wave of anger.
A. out B. up C. off D. about
10. ----Do you _____him?
----Yes, I do. But still he isn’t a man to ______.
A. believe; believe in B. believe in; believe
C. believe; believe D. believe in; believe in
11. Let's go out and see the flowers. They ______ a sweet fragrance.
A. give off B. gave off C. are giving off D. was giving off
12. They built a monument ______ the great man.
A. in the honour of B. in honour of
C. in honour for D. in the honour for
13. They are ______ a new dictionary.
A. at work on B. at work C. on work D. working
14. Time goes ______quickly on vacation, now let’s go______our lessons before going to school
A. over; by B. by; over C. through, over D. over; through.
15. I' m not sure ______go to the lecture on Friday or on Saturday.
A. where to B. whether to C . when on D. how to
16. Galileo will always______ one of the founders of modem science.
A. remember as B. be remembered as
C. remember D. be remembered
17. The doctor gave away some money to the children, most of ______were orphans.
A. who B. which C. them D. whom
18. She succeeded ______ taking a doctor’s degree _____ chemistry.
A. on, on B. in, on C. in, in D. on, in
19. Now I begin to realize the reason ______ they had to carry on their research.
A. that B. which C. when D. why
20. Marie described her thoughts ______ much like this.
A. in words B. in a word C. by word of mouth D. word for word
III. 完成下列句子（请用上号内所给的词） 5%
1. 我怀疑这是不是我们要找的那个人。
I ________ whether it is the man we are looking for.
2．我相信他能顺利通过这次考试。
I ______ ______ that he will pass the exam successfully.
3．政府为研究工作者提供了实验设备。
The government has ________ the researchers ________ equipment.
4．你必须少花钱、多攒钱，直到还清债务。
You have to spend less and earn more till you have ______ _______ all your debts.
5．这位老科学家近来一直在从事一项新发明。
The old scientist has been ______ ______ a new invention.
B 卷
IV. 完形填空 20%
In school Albert Einstein did not do well. His teachers thought he was 1 . Einstein’s
thoughts and words were jumbled（混乱）. His 2 was poor. Playing the violin was __3___ he was good 4 a child.
When he was ten, he met Dr Max Talmy. Talmy talked __5__ him and tried to help him. They
6 books, and Einstein 7_ in maths. He understood 8__ maths problems and ideas. __9__ this the 10_ boy was a genius（天才）！
School work never became __11__for Einstein. He could not 12_ things by heart. Paying __13 was hard for him. He 14_ did not pass his first test to enter __15__.
16 his learning problems, Einstein made 17 friends. He was 18_ in groups of people. 19 he overcame his shortcomings. Albert Einstein became a 20_ scientist in the field of physics. He was one of the most important thinkers of modern age.
1．A. too small B. clever C. stupid D. hopeful
2．A. school B. business C. school work D. parents
3. A. all which B. which C. that D. what
4．A. when he was B. as C. being D. at as
5. A. about B. for C. with D. of
6．A. bought B. wrote C. taught D. lent
7．A. had trouble B. didn’t do well C. showed an interest D. took pride
8．A. difficult B. much easy C. few D. no
9. A. Inside B. Beside C. Instead D. Except
10．A. poor B. stupid C. young D. American
11. A. easy B. difficult C. hard-working D. suffering
12．A. learn B. keep C. remember D. gain
13．A. money B. time C. lessons D. attention
14．A. ever B. even C. yet D. either
15. A. college B. school C. universities D. publishing house
16．A. Because of B. Without C. Instead of D. With the help of
17．A. a lot of B. few C. rich D. famous
18．A. shy B. afraid C. anxious D. tired
19．A. Still B. Yet C. However D. Otherwise
20．A. well-known B. maths C. college D. modern
V. 阅读理解 20%
A
“The pen is more powerful than the sword.” There have been many writers who used their pens to fight things that were wrong. Mrs.Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them.
She was born in the U.S.A. in 1811. One of her books not only made her famous but has been
described（描绘）as one that excited the world, and was helpful in causing a civil war and freeing the enslaved race. The civil war was the American Civil war of 1861, in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won.
This book that shook the world was called “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”（<汤姆叔叔的小屋>）. There was time when every English-speaking man, woman, and child had read this novel that did so much to stop slavery. Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting. The book had shown us how a warm-hearted writer can arouse（唤起）people’s sympathies. The author herself had neither been to the Southern States nor been a slave. The Southern Americans were very angry at the book, which they said did not at all represent（描述）true state of affairs, but the Northern Americans were wildly excited over it and were so inspired by it that they were ready to go to war to set the slaves free.
1．According to the text _________.
A．every English-speaking person has read “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
B．“Uncle Tom’s Cabin” is very interesting
C．those who don’t speak English cannot have read “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
D．the book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” did a great deal in the American Civil War
2．How old was Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe when her world famous book was published?
A. about sixty years old B. Over fifty years old
C. In her forties D. Around twenty years old
3．What do you learn about Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe from the text?
A．She had been living in the north of America before the American Civil War broke out.
B．She herself encouraged the Northern American to go to war to set the slaves free.
C．She was better at writing than at swinging（挥舞）a sword.
D．She had once been a slave.
4．Why could Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book cause a civil war in America?
A．She wrote so well that Americans loved her every much.
B．She disclosed the terrible wrongs that had been done to the slaves in the Southern
States.
C．The Southern Americans hated the book while the Northern Americans liked it.
D．The book had been read by many Americans
5．What can we learn from the text?
A．We needn’t use weapons（武器）to fight things that were wrong.
B．Writer is more helpful in a war than a soldier.
C．We must understand the importance of literature（文学）and art.
D．No war can be won without such a book as “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”.
B
Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the speed of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus by measuring the time between a sound and its reflection the echo, you can calculate the distance to an obstruction.
During World War II the British made a practical use of this role to discover German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the object. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can pass through fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain.
Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their range of flight, in other words) ,the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the first letters the word radar was formed.
1. Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to calculate the ______.
A. speed of sound
B. time between a sound and its echo
C. height of the hill
D. distance to the hill
2. The British used radio waves because they ______.
A. were more exact than sound waves
B. could not be discovered
C. could pass through fog and clouds
D. were easier to use than sound waves
3. Practical use of radio waves brought about ______.
A. new machines for planes
B. a radio directing and ranging device
C. new radio sets for BAF bombers
D. a discovering device
4. Radar made the British be able to ______.
A. discover German planes on their way to London
B. direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectively
C. kill German bomber pilots
D. both A and B
5. The author of this passage mainly wanted to tell ______.
A. exactly how radar worked
B. why the British used radio waves in their device
C. how radar (word and device) came into being
D. how radar helped the British win the Battle of Britain
VI. 短文改错 10%
An old woman walked into a shop. She asked the 1. ______________
salesgirl let her have a look at a new dress, but the 2. ______________
girl stood behind the counter, took no notice of the 3. ______________
request. The old woman spoke to the girl again, rising 4. ______________
her voice a bit, and still received no answer. She talked 5. _______________
to herself, “I am too old not to see well. I cannot 6. _______________
even tell a plastic model from a girl!” Heard this 7. _______________
the girl shouted rude, “Why did you call me a plastic 8. _______________
model?” The old woman was very surprised and said, 9. _______________
“Oh, dear! Then it can’t be a robot of a new type.” 10. ______________
VII. 书面表达 20％
弗罗伦萨·南汀格尔（Florence Nightingale）1820年出生于美国的一个富有的家庭。她
不顾父亲反对，立志当护士。从德国和法国学习了护理知识，回国后开办了妇女疗养所。1854年与38个护士上了前线，她手持油灯，通宵达旦地工作，被士兵称为 “Lady with the Lamp”。她用自己的献身精神和出色的工作赢得了战士们的尊敬，至今仍为人们所怀念。
请根据上面介绍写一篇120词左右的作文。
参考答案:
I. A. admired effect courage equipment astonished
B. provided research curing discouraged minerals
II. A ADAB ABBCA CBABB BDCDA
III. doubt am sure provided…with paid off working on
IV．1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.A
9.A 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A
16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. A
V．A 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C B. 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C
VI． 1.改the 改为a 2. 在let前加to
3.将took 改为taking 4.将rising改为raising
5.将and改为but 6.去掉not
7.将heard改为hearing 8.将rude 改为rudely
9.√ 10.将can’t改为must
VII．书面表达
Florence Nightingale was born in a very rich family in the U.S.A in 1820. In her early childhood, she made up her mind to be a nurse though her father was against her choice. Before returning from Germany and France, where she’d learned nursing, she started a nursing home for women.
During the war in 1854, Nightingale went with 38 nurses to the front to give medical care to the wounded. Often she worked for 24 hours without rest. Every night, she carried a lamp and walked past each bed. To the soldiers, she was the “Lady with the Lamp”. She gained the love and respect of the soldiers.
To this day, we will remember her when we honour nurses.